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Structure and Function of the Basal Complex: The Unique Mechanisms of Plasmodium Cytokinesis
Structure and Function of the Basal Complex: The Unique Mechanisms of Plasmodium Cytokines...
Structure and Function of the Basal Complex: The Unique Mechanisms of Plasmodium Cytokinesis

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151349
ISBN  
9798382775708
DDC  
591
저자명  
Morano, Alexander Aeneas.
서명/저자  
Structure and Function of the Basal Complex: The Unique Mechanisms of Plasmodium Cytokinesis
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
213 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Dvorin, Jeffrey D.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of the most dangerous type of malaria, an ancient disease that remains a significant public health burden. Malaria pathogenesis is caused by the asexual replication of Plasmodium parasites in the red blood cells, a 48-hour cycle driving exponential increases in parasitemia, made possible by Plasmodium's unique mode of asexual replication, schizogony, where 16-32 daughter cells are produced within a common cytoplasm. During schizogony, multiple rounds of asynchronous karyokinesis occur followed by a final, semi-synchronous round of karyokinesis paired with cytokinesis in the final stage of schizogony known as segmentation. This method of cell division requires two structures specific to the Apicomplexa: the inner membrane complex, which provides shape and stability to the daughter cells, called merozoites, and the basal complex, which is a contractile ring that functions to separate the merozoites and acts as a scaffold during construction of the IMC. In this work, we characterize the spatial and temporal complexity of the basal complex and begin to establish a mechanism of basal complex function.First, we identify Pf3D7_ 1018200, PfPPP8, as a new and essential member of the basal complex. We make use of ultrastructure expansion microscopy, long-term live-cell microscopy, and 3D-structured illumination microscopy to locate the precise basal complex defect induced by PfPPP8 depletion and thus determine that PfPPP8 is specifically required to maintain basal complex integrity and synchrony during the process of basal complex construction. In the absence of PfPPP8, basal complexes within the same parasite grow at different rates, accumulate breakage points, and collapse rather than contracting. Through bioinformatic analysis we characterize PfPPP8 as the first serine-threonine pseudophosphatase in the PPP-type phosphatase family, with similarly enzymatically inactive homologs throughout the Apicomplexa. We use PfPPP8 to identify novel basal complex proteins Pf3D7_0214700 and PfMyoJ via immunoprecipitation and develop a long-term live-cell microscopy platform to visualize the different dynamic temporal localizations of identified basal complex proteins, determining that PfMyoJ and Pf3D7_0214700 (named PfSLACR) are recruited to the basal complex at its midpoint whereas PfPPP8 is depleted during basal complex contraction. Not only does this work characterize a novel essential basal complex protein in depth, but it also demonstrates the dynamic nature of the basal complex in Plasmodium for the first time.Next, we dig deep into the structure, composition, spatial-temporal dynamics, and mechanism of the basal complex. We make extensive use of ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) to identify PfMyoJ and PfSLACR as members of a novel basal subcompartment of the P. falciparum basal complex, with PfCINCH localized to the more apical subcompartment. Next, we optimize long-term live-cell microscopy to first identify subtle differences in the recruitment dynamics of PfSLACR and PfMyoJ, where PfSLACR arrives slightly earlier to the basal complex, and combine both live-cell microscopy and U-ExM to show that PfSLACR and PfMyoJ are removed unevenly from the basal complexes of individual merozoites within the same schizont, demonstrating a lack of radial symmetry in the process of segmentation. We demonstrate that basal complex contraction is mechanistically divergent between P. falciparum and related parasite Toxoplasma gondii, showing PfMyoJ and PfMORN1 to be both individually dispensable and dispensable in combination. Finally, we show that actin dynamics are also dispensable to the initiation, construction, and contraction of the basal complex, in the presence and absence of PfMyoJ. Thus, we establish the basal complex as a spatially complex structure, build on our earlier understanding of its temporal complexity, and make significant strides towards identifying the mechanism responsible for contraction of the basal complex.Overall, this work significantly expands our knowledge of the structure, organization, order of assembly, and mechanism of action of the basal complex, allowing for a greater understanding of Plasmodium cell division and demonstrating a surprising degree of divergence between Plasmodium and its well-studied relative Toxoplasma in this realm.
일반주제명  
Parasitology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Microbiology
키워드  
Apicomplexan
키워드  
Basal complex
키워드  
Cell division
키워드  
Cytokinesis
키워드  
Malaria
키워드  
Plasmodium
기타저자  
Harvard University Medical Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aMorano,  Alexander  Aeneas.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-2677-1503
■24510▼aStructure  and  Function  of  the  Basal  Complex:  The  Unique  Mechanisms  of  Plasmodium  Cytokinesis
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a213  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Dvorin,  Jeffrey  D.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aPlasmodium  falciparum  is  the  causative  agent  of  the  most  dangerous  type  of  malaria,  an  ancient  disease  that  remains  a  significant  public  health  burden.  Malaria  pathogenesis  is  caused  by  the  asexual  replication  of  Plasmodium  parasites  in  the  red  blood  cells,  a  48-hour  cycle  driving  exponential  increases  in  parasitemia,  made  possible  by  Plasmodium's  unique  mode  of  asexual  replication,  schizogony,  where  16-32  daughter  cells  are  produced  within  a  common  cytoplasm.  During  schizogony,  multiple  rounds  of  asynchronous  karyokinesis  occur  followed  by  a  final,  semi-synchronous  round  of  karyokinesis  paired  with  cytokinesis  in  the  final  stage  of  schizogony  known  as  segmentation.  This  method  of  cell  division  requires  two  structures  specific  to  the  Apicomplexa:  the  inner  membrane  complex,  which  provides  shape  and  stability  to  the  daughter  cells,  called  merozoites,  and  the  basal  complex,  which  is  a  contractile  ring  that  functions  to  separate  the  merozoites  and  acts  as  a  scaffold  during  construction  of  the  IMC.  In  this  work,  we  characterize  the  spatial  and  temporal  complexity  of  the  basal  complex  and  begin  to  establish  a  mechanism  of  basal  complex  function.First,  we  identify  Pf3D7_  1018200,  PfPPP8,  as  a  new  and  essential  member  of  the  basal  complex.  We  make  use  of  ultrastructure  expansion  microscopy,  long-term  live-cell  microscopy,  and  3D-structured  illumination  microscopy  to  locate  the  precise  basal  complex  defect  induced  by  PfPPP8  depletion  and  thus  determine  that  PfPPP8  is  specifically  required  to  maintain  basal  complex  integrity  and  synchrony  during  the  process  of  basal  complex  construction.  In  the  absence  of  PfPPP8,  basal  complexes  within  the  same  parasite  grow  at  different  rates,  accumulate  breakage  points,  and  collapse  rather  than  contracting.  Through  bioinformatic  analysis  we  characterize  PfPPP8  as  the  first  serine-threonine  pseudophosphatase  in  the  PPP-type  phosphatase  family,  with  similarly  enzymatically  inactive  homologs  throughout  the  Apicomplexa.  We  use  PfPPP8  to  identify  novel  basal  complex  proteins  Pf3D7_0214700  and  PfMyoJ  via  immunoprecipitation  and  develop  a  long-term  live-cell  microscopy  platform  to  visualize  the  different  dynamic  temporal  localizations  of  identified  basal  complex  proteins,  determining  that  PfMyoJ  and  Pf3D7_0214700  (named  PfSLACR)  are  recruited  to  the  basal  complex  at  its  midpoint  whereas  PfPPP8  is  depleted  during  basal  complex  contraction.  Not  only  does  this  work  characterize  a  novel  essential  basal  complex  protein  in  depth,  but  it  also  demonstrates  the  dynamic  nature  of  the  basal  complex  in  Plasmodium  for  the  first  time.Next,  we  dig  deep  into  the  structure,  composition,  spatial-temporal  dynamics,  and  mechanism  of  the  basal  complex.  We  make  extensive  use  of  ultrastructure  expansion  microscopy  (U-ExM)  to  identify  PfMyoJ  and  PfSLACR  as  members  of  a  novel  basal  subcompartment  of  the  P.  falciparum  basal  complex,  with  PfCINCH  localized  to  the  more  apical  subcompartment.  Next,  we  optimize  long-term  live-cell  microscopy  to  first  identify  subtle  differences  in  the  recruitment  dynamics  of  PfSLACR  and  PfMyoJ,  where  PfSLACR  arrives  slightly  earlier  to  the  basal  complex,  and  combine  both  live-cell  microscopy  and  U-ExM  to  show  that  PfSLACR  and  PfMyoJ  are  removed  unevenly  from  the  basal  complexes  of  individual  merozoites  within  the  same  schizont,  demonstrating  a  lack  of  radial  symmetry  in  the  process  of  segmentation.  We  demonstrate  that  basal  complex  contraction  is  mechanistically  divergent  between  P.  falciparum  and  related  parasite  Toxoplasma  gondii,  showing  PfMyoJ  and  PfMORN1  to  be  both  individually  dispensable  and  dispensable  in  combination.  Finally,  we  show  that  actin  dynamics  are  also  dispensable  to  the  initiation,  construction,  and  contraction  of  the  basal  complex,  in  the  presence  and  absence  of  PfMyoJ.  Thus,  we  establish  the  basal  complex  as  a  spatially  complex  structure,  build  on  our  earlier  understanding  of  its  temporal  complexity,  and  make  significant  strides  towards  identifying  the  mechanism  responsible  for  contraction  of  the  basal  complex.Overall,  this  work  significantly  expands  our  knowledge  of  the  structure,  organization,  order  of  assembly,  and  mechanism  of  action  of  the  basal  complex,  allowing  for  a  greater  understanding  of  Plasmodium  cell  division  and  demonstrating  a  surprising  degree  of  divergence  between  Plasmodium  and  its  well-studied  relative  Toxoplasma  in  this  realm.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aParasitology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■653    ▼aApicomplexan
■653    ▼aBasal  complex
■653    ▼aCell  division
■653    ▼aCytokinesis
■653    ▼aMalaria
■653    ▼aPlasmodium
■690    ▼a0718
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0410
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bMedical  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161388▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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