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Essays in Development Economics
Essays in Development Economics
Essays in Development Economics

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151400
ISBN  
9798384453130
DDC  
320
저자명  
Wu, David Qihang.
서명/저자  
Essays in Development Economics
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
252 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Miguel, Edward.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation is comprised of three essays in Development Economics. Chapter 1 and 3 jointly explore the underlying causes of the labor market frictions faced by firms in the developing countries. Chapter 2 provides an interdisciplinary perspective to understanding the origins of militias in conflict-prone contexts of developing countries.My first chapter, titled Search Frictions, Belief Formation, and Firm Hiring in Ethiopia (coauthored with Sam Wang), examines how search frictions affect firm hiring decisions. We conduct a randomized control trial among 799 private firms with an active job vacancy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A random subset of these firms are provided subsidized access to a new type of employment agency, which provides additional applicants with college diplomas or degrees. In our first main finding, we show that treated firms are 17.5% more likely to fill the vacancy within one month, but the effect is not driven by hiring workers provided by the agency. Instead, having had more interactions with college educated applicants, treated firms become less optimistic about the average productivity of college graduates. Among those firms requesting a college graduate at baseline, treated firms are significantly less likely to hire a college graduate and more likely to hire a non-college educated worker. There are no significant treatment effects on worker turnover, performance, or effort for the worker hired for that vacancy. These findings demonstrate that search frictions can distort firm hiring behavior by affecting learning and belief formation about the labor market, a potentially important but understudied barrier to firm growth in low- and middle-income countries.My second chapter, titled Social Origins of Militias: The Extraordinary Rise of "Outraged Citizens" (coauthored with Gauthier Marchais, Christian Mastaki Mugaruka, and  Raul Sanchez de la Sierra), uses a sharp withdrawal of the state that precipitated the emergence of a prominent militia in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to analyze the role of community in the rise of militias. First, the state withdrawal drastically increased membership into the militia, predominantly driven by various social motivations and, to a much lesser extent, private economic motivations. Second, its extraordinary nature is explained by the response to the drastic rise in insecurity it created, and driven mostly by individuals' intrinsic social motivation to protect their community, but also extrinsic social motivations such as status concerns and social pressure. Third, the response to insecurity is in part explained by elite-driven informal community institutions' response, which engineer extrinsic social motivations and amplify pre-existing intrinsic ones. Our findings suggest that social motivations towards the community play a central role in the rise of militias, and nuance the distinction between economic and noneconomic incentives, showing that a range of social motivations, extrinsic, are engineered by community institutions to promote militia rise; given the later predatory turn of the militia, our findings emphasize how state weakness and social motivations can trigger communities to create security capacity that persists and can be later used opportunistically.Finally, my third chapter (coauthored with Maximiliano Lauletta) examines the underlying causes of turnover in the manufacturing sector. Many developing countries are undergoing a rapid process of industrialization, yet many workers tend to quit early from large-scale manufacturing firms, which constitutes a major challenge for firms to sustain their operation. We study three potential causes of high turnover rates in the context of a flagship industrial park in Ethiopia: misperceptions of the job aspects in the manufacturing firms, temporary income shock, and sorting based on workers' productivity types. To understand the effect of misperceptions, we collect detailed measures of misperceptions from 1,203 new workers regarding 14 quantifiable job aspects, combined with the administrative records of turnover. We further conduct an intervention where we provide accurate information on the key job aspects of career progression and examine how misperceptions causally affects workers' turnover decisions. Correlational and causal evidence suggest that misperceptions can only explain a small proportion of early turnover rates (0.3-5% of total variation). We further examine the heterogeneous treatment effect to provide suggestive evidence for the other two causes. Among treated workers with high-level of misperceptions, workers more subject to temporary income shock do not quit more, suggesting temporary income shock may not be able to explain the high turnover rates. However, workers with high productivity type, proxied by high educational attainment and high dexterity level, are less likely to quit. Our results suggest that turnover may reflect an equilibrium outcome where workers with low productivity choose to quit when they realize their productivity type, which potentially benefits firms if the productivity premium of the workers who stay may compensate the productivity loss from those who quit.
일반주제명  
Political science
키워드  
Conflicts
키워드  
Development economics
키워드  
Firm hiring
키워드  
Labor market frictions
키워드  
Political economy
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aWu,  David  Qihang.
■24510▼aEssays  in  Development  Economics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a252  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Miguel,  Edward.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  is  comprised  of  three  essays  in  Development  Economics.  Chapter  1  and  3  jointly  explore  the  underlying  causes  of  the  labor  market  frictions  faced  by  firms  in  the  developing  countries.  Chapter  2  provides  an  interdisciplinary  perspective  to  understanding  the  origins  of  militias  in  conflict-prone  contexts  of  developing  countries.My  first  chapter,  titled  Search  Frictions,  Belief  Formation,  and  Firm  Hiring  in  Ethiopia  (coauthored  with  Sam  Wang),  examines  how  search  frictions  affect  firm  hiring  decisions.  We  conduct  a  randomized  control  trial  among  799  private  firms  with  an  active  job  vacancy  in  Addis  Ababa,  Ethiopia.  A  random  subset  of  these  firms  are  provided  subsidized  access  to  a  new  type  of  employment  agency,  which  provides  additional  applicants  with  college  diplomas  or  degrees.  In  our  first  main  finding,  we  show  that  treated  firms  are  17.5%  more  likely  to  fill  the  vacancy  within  one  month,  but  the  effect  is  not  driven  by  hiring  workers  provided  by  the  agency.  Instead,  having  had  more  interactions  with  college  educated  applicants,  treated  firms  become  less  optimistic  about  the  average  productivity  of  college  graduates.  Among  those  firms  requesting  a  college  graduate  at  baseline,  treated  firms  are  significantly  less  likely  to  hire  a  college  graduate  and  more  likely  to  hire  a  non-college  educated  worker.  There  are  no  significant  treatment  effects  on  worker  turnover,  performance,  or  effort  for  the  worker  hired  for  that  vacancy.  These  findings  demonstrate  that  search  frictions  can  distort  firm  hiring  behavior  by  affecting  learning  and  belief  formation  about  the  labor  market,  a  potentially  important  but  understudied  barrier  to  firm  growth  in  low-  and  middle-income  countries.My  second  chapter,  titled  Social  Origins  of  Militias:  The  Extraordinary  Rise  of  "Outraged  Citizens"  (coauthored  with  Gauthier  Marchais,  Christian  Mastaki  Mugaruka,  and   Raul  Sanchez  de  la  Sierra),  uses  a  sharp  withdrawal  of  the  state  that  precipitated  the  emergence  of  a  prominent  militia  in  the  Democratic  Republic  of  the  Congo  to  analyze  the  role  of  community  in  the  rise  of  militias.  First,  the  state  withdrawal  drastically  increased  membership  into  the  militia,  predominantly  driven  by  various  social  motivations  and,  to  a  much  lesser  extent,  private  economic  motivations.  Second,  its  extraordinary  nature  is  explained  by  the  response  to  the  drastic  rise  in  insecurity  it  created,  and  driven  mostly  by  individuals'  intrinsic  social  motivation  to  protect  their  community,  but  also  extrinsic  social  motivations  such  as  status  concerns  and  social  pressure.  Third,  the  response  to  insecurity  is  in  part  explained  by  elite-driven  informal  community  institutions'  response,  which  engineer  extrinsic  social  motivations  and  amplify  pre-existing  intrinsic  ones.  Our  findings  suggest  that  social  motivations  towards  the  community  play  a  central  role  in  the  rise  of  militias,  and  nuance  the  distinction  between  economic  and  noneconomic  incentives,  showing  that  a  range  of  social  motivations,  extrinsic,  are  engineered  by  community  institutions  to  promote  militia  rise;  given  the  later  predatory  turn  of  the  militia,  our  findings  emphasize  how  state  weakness  and  social  motivations  can  trigger  communities  to  create  security  capacity  that  persists  and  can  be  later  used  opportunistically.Finally,  my  third  chapter  (coauthored  with  Maximiliano  Lauletta)  examines  the  underlying  causes  of  turnover  in  the  manufacturing  sector.  Many  developing  countries  are  undergoing  a  rapid  process  of  industrialization,  yet  many  workers  tend  to  quit  early  from  large-scale  manufacturing  firms,  which  constitutes  a  major  challenge  for  firms  to  sustain  their  operation.  We  study  three  potential  causes  of  high  turnover  rates  in  the  context  of  a  flagship  industrial  park  in  Ethiopia:  misperceptions  of  the  job  aspects  in  the  manufacturing  firms,  temporary  income  shock,  and  sorting  based  on  workers'  productivity  types.  To  understand  the  effect  of  misperceptions,  we  collect  detailed  measures  of  misperceptions  from  1,203  new  workers  regarding  14  quantifiable  job  aspects,  combined  with  the  administrative  records  of  turnover.  We  further  conduct  an  intervention  where  we  provide  accurate  information  on  the  key  job  aspects  of  career  progression  and  examine  how  misperceptions  causally  affects  workers'  turnover  decisions.  Correlational  and  causal  evidence  suggest  that  misperceptions  can  only  explain  a  small  proportion  of  early  turnover  rates  (0.3-5%  of  total  variation).  We  further  examine  the  heterogeneous  treatment  effect  to  provide  suggestive  evidence  for  the  other  two  causes.  Among  treated  workers  with  high-level  of  misperceptions,  workers  more  subject  to  temporary  income  shock  do  not  quit  more,  suggesting  temporary  income  shock  may  not  be  able  to  explain  the  high  turnover  rates.  However,  workers  with  high  productivity  type,  proxied  by  high  educational  attainment  and  high  dexterity  level,  are  less  likely  to  quit.  Our  results  suggest  that  turnover  may  reflect  an  equilibrium  outcome  where  workers  with  low  productivity  choose  to  quit  when  they  realize  their  productivity  type,  which  potentially  benefits  firms  if  the  productivity  premium  of  the  workers  who  stay  may  compensate  the  productivity  loss  from  those  who  quit.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aPolitical  science
■653    ▼aConflicts
■653    ▼aDevelopment  economics
■653    ▼aFirm  hiring
■653    ▼aLabor  market  frictions
■653    ▼aPolitical  economy
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0338
■690    ▼a0615
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03A.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161463▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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