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Searching for Signs of Habitability and Life in the Era of Extremely Large Telescopes
Searching for Signs of Habitability and Life in the Era of Extremely Large Telescopes
Searching for Signs of Habitability and Life in the Era of Extremely Large Telescopes

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152729
ISBN  
9798384093978
DDC  
520
저자명  
Currie, Miles Harrison.
서명/저자  
Searching for Signs of Habitability and Life in the Era of Extremely Large Telescopes
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Washington, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
268 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Meadows, Victoria S.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약We are entering an exciting era for astrobiology, with terrestrial exoplanet characterization studies now underway with the JWST and the next generation of ground-based Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) expected to be online by the end of the decade. However, the prospects for searching for signs of habitability and life with the upcoming 30 m class ELTs are not yet thoroughly explored. Specifically, it is not well understood the extent to which the high resolution spectroscopy and high contrast imaging capabilities of the ELTs can be leveraged to characterize terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres. Previous theoretical studies on ELT capabilities have focused on the detectability of the biosignature gas O2 in Earth-twin atmospheres, but have not rigorously considered the environmental context gained by detecting other molecules. Models that produce atmospheres that are photochemically self-consistent with their host stars can be used to show how additional molecules reveal more about the planet and its processes, either strengthening the interpretation of O2 as a biosignature, or ruling in or out biosignature false positive mechanisms that can generate abiotic O2. Furthermore, our ability to use future ELT observations to observationally constrain the composition of nearby transiting and non-transiting terrestrial exoplanets is uncertain, and could provide independent avenues for determining the origin of O2 in particular.The goal of this dissertation is to explore and define the terrestrial exoplanet characterization capabilities of the upcoming ELTs, which can complement and support JWST and the future Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) NASA flagship mission. To that end, this work provides recommendations and observational protocols that will enhance and maximize the science of the ELTs to search for signs of habitability and life in terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres, laying the foundation for ground-based terrestrial exoplanet science in the near term, and space-based characterization studies in the future. In this work, we develop and apply techniques for analyzing simulated high-resolution ground-based spectra and retrieving molecular abundances in simulated ELT data.Our approach extends well beyond current approaches for characterizing terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres with the ELTs by considering the detectability of a suite of molecular species that can help constrain the origin of atmospheric O2, and provide further environmental context for a potential biosignature detection. We simulated ELT detectability of atmospheric molecules for a range of different inhabited and uninhabited terrestrial atmosphere types, as well as a sub-Neptune atmosphere, for planets orbiting M dwarf host stars. We found that CH4, CO2, H2O, and CO are all potentially detectable for both transiting and non-transiting terrestrial exoplanets, and that two biosignature pairs (O2/CH4 and CO2/CH4) may be detectable for nearby Earth-like worlds in ∼ 10 hours of observing for Proxima Centauri b, the nearest non-transiting target. Furthermore, we may be able to discriminate biosignature false positive environments using the direct imaging capabilities of the ELTs by detecting CO, an indicator gas for several false positive cases, in as little as 10 hours for nearby targets. We could also identify false positives by searching for signs of significant abiotic O2 buildup via H2O photolysis, which may be possible in 100 hours of observing time. Discriminating the atmospheres of non-transiting planets as either terrestrial- or sub-Neptune-like may also be possible via spectral characterization in ∼ 1 hour of observing with the ELTs to detect absorption from hydrogen-bearing species such as NH3. We also explore our ability to measure the abundance of O2 in habitable Proxima Centauri b atmospheres using atmospheric retrieval methods for high-resolution cross-correlation spectroscopy for the first time, and we find that we may be able to measure Earth-like O2 abundances or lower (≤ 21% O2) in 100 hours of observing the O2 A-band; however, retrieving high O2 abundances in post-ocean loss scenarios with thick atmospheres may be challenging due to significant saturation of the O2 A-band. Considering other O2 bands that are less prone to saturation or searching for the spectral features of O2-O2 collisionally-induced absorption may instead be used to identify this scenario. This dissertation proposes future ELT observing protocols and observational strategies for characterizing terrestrial exoplanets. The tools we have developed will continue to be relevant in the preparation for the analysis of the first ELT transit transmission and reflected light observations of nearby terrestrial exoplanets, as well as for the development of future ground- and space-based instrumentation and science strategies. The code and methodology developed in this work are available to the exoplanet and astrobiology communities.
일반주제명  
Astronomy
일반주제명  
Astrophysics
일반주제명  
Planetology
일반주제명  
Geophysics
키워드  
Biosignatures
키워드  
Direct imaging
키워드  
Extremely Large Telescopes
키워드  
Habitability
키워드  
High-resolution spectroscopy
키워드  
Terrestrial atmospheres
기타저자  
University of Washington Astronomy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aCurrie,  Miles  Harrison.
■24510▼aSearching  for  Signs  of  Habitability  and  Life  in  the  Era  of  Extremely  Large  Telescopes
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Washington▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a268  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Meadows,  Victoria  S.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Washington,  2024.
■520    ▼aWe  are  entering  an  exciting  era  for  astrobiology,  with  terrestrial  exoplanet  characterization  studies  now  underway  with  the  JWST  and  the  next  generation  of  ground-based  Extremely  Large  Telescopes  (ELTs)  expected  to  be  online  by  the  end  of  the  decade.  However,  the  prospects  for  searching  for  signs  of  habitability  and  life  with  the  upcoming  30  m  class  ELTs  are  not  yet  thoroughly  explored.  Specifically,  it  is  not  well  understood  the  extent  to  which  the  high  resolution  spectroscopy  and  high  contrast  imaging  capabilities  of  the  ELTs  can  be  leveraged  to  characterize  terrestrial  exoplanet  atmospheres.  Previous  theoretical  studies  on  ELT  capabilities  have  focused  on  the  detectability  of  the  biosignature  gas  O2  in  Earth-twin  atmospheres,  but  have  not  rigorously  considered  the  environmental  context  gained  by  detecting  other  molecules.  Models  that  produce  atmospheres  that  are  photochemically  self-consistent  with  their  host  stars  can  be  used  to  show  how  additional  molecules  reveal  more  about  the  planet  and  its  processes,  either  strengthening  the  interpretation  of  O2  as  a  biosignature,  or  ruling  in  or  out  biosignature  false  positive  mechanisms  that  can  generate  abiotic  O2.  Furthermore,  our  ability  to  use  future  ELT  observations  to  observationally  constrain  the  composition  of  nearby  transiting  and  non-transiting  terrestrial  exoplanets  is  uncertain,  and  could  provide  independent  avenues  for  determining  the  origin  of  O2  in  particular.The  goal  of  this  dissertation  is  to  explore  and  define  the  terrestrial  exoplanet  characterization  capabilities  of  the  upcoming  ELTs,  which  can  complement  and  support  JWST  and  the  future  Habitable  Worlds  Observatory  (HWO)  NASA  flagship  mission.  To  that  end,  this  work  provides  recommendations  and  observational  protocols  that  will  enhance  and  maximize  the  science  of  the  ELTs  to  search  for  signs  of  habitability  and  life  in  terrestrial  exoplanet  atmospheres,  laying  the  foundation  for  ground-based  terrestrial  exoplanet  science  in  the  near  term,  and  space-based  characterization  studies  in  the  future.  In  this  work,  we  develop  and  apply  techniques  for  analyzing  simulated  high-resolution  ground-based  spectra  and  retrieving  molecular  abundances  in  simulated  ELT  data.Our  approach  extends  well  beyond  current  approaches  for  characterizing  terrestrial  exoplanet  atmospheres  with  the  ELTs  by  considering  the  detectability  of  a  suite  of  molecular  species  that  can  help  constrain  the  origin  of  atmospheric  O2,  and  provide  further  environmental  context  for  a  potential  biosignature  detection.  We  simulated  ELT  detectability  of  atmospheric  molecules  for  a  range  of  different  inhabited  and  uninhabited  terrestrial  atmosphere  types,  as  well  as  a  sub-Neptune  atmosphere,  for  planets  orbiting  M  dwarf  host  stars.  We  found  that  CH4,  CO2,  H2O,  and  CO  are  all  potentially  detectable  for  both  transiting  and  non-transiting  terrestrial  exoplanets,  and  that  two  biosignature  pairs  (O2/CH4  and  CO2/CH4)  may  be  detectable  for  nearby  Earth-like  worlds  in  ∼  10  hours  of  observing  for  Proxima  Centauri  b,  the  nearest  non-transiting  target.  Furthermore,  we  may  be  able  to  discriminate  biosignature  false  positive  environments  using  the  direct  imaging  capabilities  of  the  ELTs  by  detecting  CO,  an  indicator  gas  for  several  false  positive  cases,  in  as  little  as  10  hours  for  nearby  targets.  We  could  also  identify  false  positives  by  searching  for  signs  of  significant  abiotic  O2  buildup  via  H2O  photolysis,  which  may  be  possible  in    100  hours  of  observing  time.  Discriminating  the  atmospheres  of  non-transiting  planets  as  either  terrestrial-  or  sub-Neptune-like  may  also  be  possible  via  spectral  characterization  in  ∼  1  hour  of  observing  with  the  ELTs  to  detect  absorption  from  hydrogen-bearing  species  such  as  NH3.  We  also  explore  our  ability  to  measure  the  abundance  of  O2  in  habitable  Proxima  Centauri  b  atmospheres  using  atmospheric  retrieval  methods  for  high-resolution  cross-correlation  spectroscopy  for  the  first  time,  and  we  find  that  we  may  be  able  to  measure  Earth-like  O2  abundances  or  lower  (≤  21%  O2)  in  100  hours  of  observing  the  O2  A-band;  however,  retrieving  high  O2  abundances  in  post-ocean  loss  scenarios  with  thick  atmospheres  may  be  challenging  due  to  significant  saturation  of  the  O2  A-band.  Considering  other  O2  bands  that  are  less  prone  to  saturation  or  searching  for  the  spectral  features  of  O2-O2  collisionally-induced  absorption  may  instead  be  used  to  identify  this  scenario.  This  dissertation  proposes  future  ELT  observing  protocols  and  observational  strategies  for  characterizing  terrestrial  exoplanets.  The  tools  we  have  developed  will  continue  to  be  relevant  in  the  preparation  for  the  analysis  of  the  first  ELT  transit  transmission  and  reflected  light  observations  of  nearby  terrestrial  exoplanets,  as  well  as  for  the  development  of  future  ground-  and  space-based  instrumentation  and  science  strategies.  The  code  and  methodology  developed  in  this  work  are  available  to  the  exoplanet  and  astrobiology  communities.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0250.
■650  4▼aAstronomy
■650  4▼aAstrophysics
■650  4▼aPlanetology
■650  4▼aGeophysics
■653    ▼aBiosignatures
■653    ▼aDirect  imaging
■653    ▼aExtremely  Large  Telescopes
■653    ▼aHabitability
■653    ▼aHigh-resolution  spectroscopy
■653    ▼aTerrestrial  atmospheres
■690    ▼a0606
■690    ▼a0596
■690    ▼a0590
■690    ▼a0373
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Washington▼bAstronomy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0250
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163599▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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