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Investigating the Mechanistic Roles of mTORC1 as a Connector of Lysosome and Mitochondrial Function
Investigating the Mechanistic Roles of mTORC1 as a Connector of Lysosome and Mitochondrial...
Investigating the Mechanistic Roles of mTORC1 as a Connector of Lysosome and Mitochondrial Function

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152738
ISBN  
9798384456704
DDC  
574
저자명  
Lehmer, Madison.
서명/저자  
Investigating the Mechanistic Roles of mTORC1 as a Connector of Lysosome and Mitochondrial Function
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
41 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Includes supplementary digital materials.
주기사항  
Advisor: Zoncu, Roberto.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약In order to promote sustained growth and health, the cell must carefully balance its metabolic state, responding to nutrient shortages, acute injury, and altered environment to maintain energetic homeostasis. The machinations of this task are extremely complex, and require extensive sensors and signals to diagnose cellular nutrient state, identify specific issues, and maintain functional balance. Two organelles, the lysosome and the mitochondrion, are central to cellular metabolic processes and host a wide variety of signaling pathways that are used to assess energetic health and capacity. Their coregulation is necessary to support cellular health in instances of energetic stress, and the breakdown of their communication often leads to debilitating degenerative diseases. While much work has been done to understand how the signals and functions of these two organelles overlap during stress, it is less clear what functional changes are initiated by lysosomal signaling itself, and how these may alter mitochondrial function to promote survivability.Lysosomes are the primary catabolic site of the cell, where the autophagic and endocytic pathways converge to deliver cargo for degradation. By this mechanism, the lysosomal lumen reflects the nutrient status of the cellular environment and can use this information to influence the metabolic state of the cell. To this purpose, the lysosomal surface hosts the active state of the kinase mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) as part of mTOR Complex I (mTORC1). Here, mTORC1 responds to the presence of insulin, growth factors, and nutrients to promote anabolic processes for cell growth. If any of these inputs are depleted, mTORC1 is rendered inactive and removed from the lysosome, switching the cell to catabolic programming. With this process, mTORC1 is central to maintaining metabolic and energetic homeostasis in the cell.Meanwhile, the mitochondria is the cellular site of bulk metabolite and energetic production. Robust mitochondrial function is required for the survival of high-energy tissues, such as the heart and brain, and is necessary for cellular growth and differentiation. Mitochondrial stress results in depleted energetic supply, toxic redox species, and in some cases, the trigger of apoptotic cell death. Defects in mitochondrial function are thus detrimental to cellular and organismal health. Previous work has established that many signals that reflect mitochondrial stress interact with mTORC1, either directly or by pathway convergence, to coordinate energetic status with whole-cell programming. In many models of mitochondrial disease, coordinated mTORC1 function is required to allow survivability.While we generally understand how mTORC1 interacts with and supports the objectives of mitochondrial stress pathways, what is less clear is how mTORC1 signaling influences mitochondrial function at baseline. Here, I study how acute inhibition of mTORC1 by pharmacological intervention alters mitochondrial function in the absence of induced stress, thereby shedding light on mitochondrial pathways that may be influenced by mTORC1 status. Then, I study how these alterations map to mitochondria who have been injured by depletion of the iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis protein Frataxin (FXN) to identify which pathways may be valuable for mTORC1-supported mitochondrial survival under stress.With functional assays, we identify impaired function of Complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain as a result of FXN loss, with a converse restoration when mTORC1 is inhibited. Proteomic analysis of mitochondria in these conditions reveal an alteration of redox homeostasis upon mTORC1 inhibition, irrespective of FXN loss. Further exacerbation of the system by FXN loss then exposes a potential role of mTORC1 signaling for modulation of CoQ biosynthesis machinery, which may represent a newly discovered branch of mTORC1 influence.
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
키워드  
Cellular environment
키워드  
Energetic stress
키워드  
Lysosomes
키워드  
Endocytic pathways
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Molecular & Cell Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31491583
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■1001  ▼aLehmer,  Madison.
■24510▼aInvestigating  the  Mechanistic  Roles  of  mTORC1  as  a  Connector  of  Lysosome  and  Mitochondrial  Function
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a41  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aIncludes  supplementary  digital  materials.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Zoncu,  Roberto.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2024.
■520    ▼aIn  order  to  promote  sustained  growth  and  health,  the  cell  must  carefully  balance  its  metabolic  state,  responding  to  nutrient  shortages,  acute  injury,  and  altered  environment  to  maintain  energetic  homeostasis.  The  machinations  of  this  task  are  extremely  complex,  and  require  extensive  sensors  and  signals  to  diagnose  cellular  nutrient  state,  identify  specific  issues,  and  maintain  functional  balance.  Two  organelles,  the  lysosome  and  the  mitochondrion,  are  central  to  cellular  metabolic  processes  and  host  a  wide  variety  of  signaling  pathways  that  are  used  to  assess  energetic  health  and  capacity.  Their  coregulation  is  necessary  to  support  cellular  health  in  instances  of  energetic  stress,  and  the  breakdown  of  their  communication  often  leads  to  debilitating  degenerative  diseases.  While  much  work  has  been  done  to  understand  how  the  signals  and  functions  of  these  two  organelles  overlap  during  stress,  it  is  less  clear  what  functional  changes  are  initiated  by  lysosomal  signaling  itself,  and  how  these  may  alter  mitochondrial  function  to  promote  survivability.Lysosomes  are  the  primary  catabolic  site  of  the  cell,  where  the  autophagic  and  endocytic  pathways  converge  to  deliver  cargo  for  degradation.  By  this  mechanism,  the  lysosomal  lumen  reflects  the  nutrient  status  of  the  cellular  environment  and  can  use  this  information  to  influence  the  metabolic  state  of  the  cell.  To  this  purpose,  the  lysosomal  surface  hosts  the  active  state  of  the  kinase  mechanistic  Target  of  Rapamycin  (mTOR)  as  part  of  mTOR  Complex  I  (mTORC1).  Here,  mTORC1  responds  to  the  presence  of  insulin,  growth  factors,  and  nutrients  to  promote  anabolic  processes  for  cell  growth.  If  any  of  these  inputs  are  depleted,  mTORC1  is  rendered  inactive  and  removed  from  the  lysosome,  switching  the  cell  to  catabolic  programming.  With  this  process,  mTORC1  is  central  to  maintaining  metabolic  and  energetic  homeostasis  in  the  cell.Meanwhile,  the  mitochondria  is  the  cellular  site  of  bulk  metabolite  and  energetic  production.  Robust  mitochondrial  function  is  required  for  the  survival  of  high-energy  tissues,  such  as  the  heart  and  brain,  and  is  necessary  for  cellular  growth  and  differentiation.  Mitochondrial  stress  results  in  depleted  energetic  supply,  toxic  redox  species,  and  in  some  cases,  the  trigger  of  apoptotic  cell  death.  Defects  in  mitochondrial  function  are  thus  detrimental  to  cellular  and  organismal  health.  Previous  work  has  established  that  many  signals  that  reflect  mitochondrial  stress  interact  with  mTORC1,  either  directly  or  by  pathway  convergence,  to  coordinate  energetic  status  with  whole-cell  programming.  In  many  models  of  mitochondrial  disease,  coordinated  mTORC1  function  is  required  to  allow  survivability.While  we  generally  understand  how  mTORC1  interacts  with  and  supports  the  objectives  of  mitochondrial  stress  pathways,  what  is  less  clear  is  how  mTORC1  signaling  influences  mitochondrial  function  at  baseline.  Here,  I  study  how  acute  inhibition  of  mTORC1  by  pharmacological  intervention  alters  mitochondrial  function  in  the  absence  of  induced  stress,  thereby  shedding  light  on  mitochondrial  pathways  that  may  be  influenced  by  mTORC1  status.  Then,  I  study  how  these  alterations  map  to  mitochondria  who  have  been  injured  by  depletion  of  the  iron-sulfur  cluster  biogenesis  protein  Frataxin  (FXN)  to  identify  which  pathways  may  be  valuable  for  mTORC1-supported  mitochondrial  survival  under  stress.With  functional  assays,  we  identify  impaired  function  of  Complex  III  of  the  mitochondrial  electron  transport  chain  as  a  result  of  FXN  loss,  with  a  converse  restoration  when  mTORC1  is  inhibited.  Proteomic  analysis  of  mitochondria  in  these  conditions  reveal  an  alteration  of  redox  homeostasis  upon  mTORC1  inhibition,  irrespective  of  FXN  loss.  Further  exacerbation  of  the  system  by  FXN  loss  then  exposes  a  potential  role  of  mTORC1  signaling  for  modulation  of  CoQ  biosynthesis  machinery,  which  may  represent  a  newly  discovered  branch  of  mTORC1  influence.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■653    ▼aCellular  environment
■653    ▼aEnergetic  stress
■653    ▼aLysosomes
■653    ▼aEndocytic  pathways
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bMolecular  &  Cell  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-04B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163668▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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