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Geometric Learning for Quantum-Informed, Machine Learning and Analysis of Electrostatic Preorganization
Geometric Learning for Quantum-Informed, Machine Learning and Analysis of Electrostatic Pr...
Geometric Learning for Quantum-Informed, Machine Learning and Analysis of Electrostatic Preorganization

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152827
ISBN  
9798384081463
DDC  
542
저자명  
Vargas, Santiago.
서명/저자  
Geometric Learning for Quantum-Informed, Machine Learning and Analysis of Electrostatic Preorganization
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
265 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Alexandrova, Anastassia N.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약This thesis is organized in a slightly unconventional fashion: algorithms lead and applications fill out the content. I think this emphasizes my interests during graduate school - I built algorithms and tools to address issues that were otherwise inaccessible to different areas of computational chemistry (including applied machine learning) and enzymology. Two sets of scientific thrusts underscore the bulk of my work: algorithms to analyze dynamic, heterogeneous fields in the context of enzymology and flexible machine learning algorithms, including those that leverage quantum descriptors, for rigorous molecular and reaction-level properties. Each section will include grounding on applications and broader impacts for the reader as well. Now we pivot to discussing the main thrusts and outlining each chapter briefly. General ML and Quantum Theory of Atoms-in-Molecules (QTAIM): QTAIM serves as a mathematical decomposition algorithm for electronic basins within a molecule. The algorithm intakes molecular densities, as computed (typically) by density functional theory (DFT), and uses the flux of density to partition the scalar field into 3-dimensional atomic basins of density [14, 16]. These objects are known as atomic basins and represent the quantum atom within a molecule. By constructing these structures, we compute a rich set of mathematical descriptors that map to many features including energies, bonding, and electron delocalization. These features have been correlated, in the past, to activation energies, reactivity, and overall system energies, but these uses largely relied on human intervention and small datasets [44, 62, 65, 111, 142, 287]. By developing software centered around high-throughput QTAIM calculations and machine learning, I was able to bring these descriptors to larger datasets and a wide host of applications.In Chapter 2, I discuss an algorithm I implemented to predict Diels-Alder reaction barriers from QTAIM signatures alone. In this study, we showed that QTAIM features, can be used to surmise reaction barriers while also using machine learning techniques to understand what signatures were most informative to our models. Here QTAIM electrostatic potentials and delocalization indices alone were able to yield great performance on withheld datasets. In addition, we demonstrated that QTAIM features can allow a machine learning model to generalize, to an extent, to much larger Diels-Alder reactions. This chapter was adapted from the following: Machine Learning to Predict Diels-Alder Reaction Barriers from the Reactant State Electron Density. S. Vargas*, M. Hannefarth, Z. Liu, A.N. Alexandrova. Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 2021 17 (10), 6203-6213. 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00623.In Chapter 3, I discuss a package developed to perform high-throughput QTAIM calculations on datasets of molecules and reactions. This package is currently adapted to work with open-source packages such as ORCA and Multiwfn. These softwares, respectively, compute DFT densities at a user-specified level of theory and subsequently compute QTAIM descriptors. The package is built with high-performance compute (HPC) in mind as it can operate on a single dataset with an arbitrary number of concurrent jobs. Here I also used the package to compute QTAIM values for a diverse set of important and difficult datasets and developed graph neural networks to predict molecular and reaction properties leveraging QTAIM as inputs. This chapter was adapted from the following: This was adapted from High-throughput quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) for geometric deep learning of molecular and reaction properties Santiago Vargas, Winston Gee, and Anastassia N. Alexandrova. Digital Discovery 2024 3, 987-998.Advancing Analysis of Electric Fields in Proteins: The later chapters follow our work in developing algorithms to ingest, interpret, and predict on electric fields in protein active sites. This work builds on the notion of electrostatic preorganization, a theory that posits that protein scaffolds arrange to electrostatically catalyse chemical reactions, and thereby, destabilizing reactants while suppressing transition state energies [299, 301].Chapter 4 depicts exhaustive efforts to apply heterogenous electric field analysis to understanding directed evolution in the context of a protoglobin directed evolution (DE) trajectory. Previous DE efforts optimized protoglobin to efficiently catalyze carbene transfer reactions. We show that traditional explanations for increased catalytic activity across the DE lineage, substrate access and binding, cannot account for the dramatic improvements in protein activity. By tracking the 3-D electric field and using clustering algorithms, we pinpoint representative structures for QM/MM calculations and show that changes in the electric field, along DE, improve carbene transfer reactivity. These findings highlight the role electrostatic organization, notably its dynamic effect, has on determining protein function and points to its future importance in designing proteins for relevant chemical processes. This chapter is adapted from Directed Evolution of Protoglobin Optimizes the Enzyme Electric Field. Shobhit S. Chaturvedi, Santiago Vargas, Pujan Ajmera, and Anastassia N. Alexandrova. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2024 146 (24), 16670-16680 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03914.In Chapter 5, I introduce a machine learning framework designed to predict enzyme functionality directly from the heterogeneous electric fields applied to protein active sites. We apply this method to a dataset of Heme-Iron Oxidoreductases. Previous studies here, focused on simple, point electric fields along the Fe-O bond, are insufficient for reasonable accuracy. On the otherhand, our 3-D, heterogenous model can accurately predict protein activity without relying on additional protein-specific information. In addition, feature selection elucidates what electric field components most inform our models and thus highlight important components to reactivity and selectivity. Finally, we apply previously-mentioned electric field clustering algorithms and QM/MM calculations to reveal how dynamic complexities in protein structures can complicate predictions and thus provides a path forward for improved models in this space. This chapter is adapted from Machine-learning prediction of protein function from the portrait of its intramolecular electric field. S. Vargas*, S. Chaturvedi, A.N. Alexandrova. (Accepted, Journal of the American Chemical Society). 
일반주제명  
Computational chemistry
일반주제명  
Physical chemistry
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
키워드  
QTAIM descriptors
키워드  
High-performance compute
키워드  
Protoglobin
키워드  
3-D electric field
키워드  
Machine-learning
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Chemistry 0153
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aVargas,  Santiago.
■24510▼aGeometric  Learning  for  Quantum-Informed,  Machine  Learning  and  Analysis  of  Electrostatic  Preorganization
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a265  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Alexandrova,  Anastassia  N.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  thesis  is  organized  in  a  slightly  unconventional  fashion:  algorithms  lead  and  applications  fill  out  the  content.  I  think  this  emphasizes  my  interests  during  graduate  school  -  I  built  algorithms  and  tools  to  address  issues  that  were  otherwise  inaccessible  to  different  areas  of  computational  chemistry  (including  applied  machine  learning)  and  enzymology.  Two  sets  of  scientific  thrusts  underscore  the  bulk  of  my  work:  algorithms  to  analyze  dynamic,  heterogeneous  fields  in  the  context  of  enzymology  and  flexible  machine  learning  algorithms,  including  those  that  leverage  quantum  descriptors,  for  rigorous  molecular  and  reaction-level  properties.  Each  section  will  include  grounding  on  applications  and  broader  impacts  for  the  reader  as  well.  Now  we  pivot  to  discussing  the  main  thrusts  and  outlining  each  chapter  briefly. General  ML  and  Quantum  Theory  of  Atoms-in-Molecules  (QTAIM):  QTAIM  serves  as  a  mathematical  decomposition  algorithm  for  electronic  basins  within  a  molecule.  The  algorithm  intakes  molecular  densities,  as  computed  (typically)  by  density  functional  theory  (DFT),  and  uses  the  flux  of  density  to  partition  the  scalar  field  into  3-dimensional  atomic  basins  of  density  [14,  16].  These  objects  are  known  as  atomic  basins  and  represent  the  quantum  atom  within  a  molecule.  By  constructing  these  structures,  we  compute  a  rich  set  of  mathematical  descriptors  that  map  to  many  features  including  energies,  bonding,  and  electron  delocalization.  These  features  have  been  correlated,  in  the  past,  to  activation  energies,  reactivity,  and  overall  system  energies,  but  these  uses  largely  relied  on  human  intervention  and  small  datasets  [44,  62,  65,  111,  142,  287].  By  developing  software  centered  around  high-throughput  QTAIM  calculations  and  machine  learning,  I  was  able  to  bring  these  descriptors  to  larger  datasets  and  a  wide  host  of  applications.In  Chapter  2,  I  discuss  an  algorithm  I  implemented  to  predict  Diels-Alder  reaction  barriers  from  QTAIM  signatures  alone.  In  this  study,  we  showed  that  QTAIM  features,  can  be  used  to  surmise  reaction  barriers  while  also  using  machine  learning  techniques  to  understand  what  signatures  were  most  informative  to  our  models.  Here  QTAIM  electrostatic  potentials  and  delocalization  indices  alone  were  able  to  yield  great  performance  on  withheld  datasets.  In  addition,  we  demonstrated  that  QTAIM  features  can  allow  a  machine  learning  model  to  generalize,  to  an  extent,  to  much  larger  Diels-Alder  reactions.  This  chapter  was  adapted  from  the  following:  Machine  Learning  to  Predict  Diels-Alder  Reaction  Barriers  from  the  Reactant  State  Electron  Density.  S.  Vargas*,  M.  Hannefarth,  Z.  Liu,  A.N.  Alexandrova.  Journal  of  Chemical  Theory  and  Computation  2021  17  (10),  6203-6213.  10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00623.In  Chapter  3,  I  discuss  a  package  developed  to  perform  high-throughput  QTAIM  calculations  on  datasets  of  molecules  and  reactions.  This  package  is  currently  adapted  to  work  with  open-source  packages  such  as  ORCA  and  Multiwfn.  These  softwares,  respectively,  compute  DFT  densities  at  a  user-specified  level  of  theory  and  subsequently  compute  QTAIM  descriptors.  The  package  is  built  with  high-performance  compute  (HPC)  in  mind  as  it  can  operate  on  a  single  dataset  with  an  arbitrary  number  of  concurrent  jobs.  Here  I  also  used  the  package  to  compute  QTAIM  values  for  a  diverse  set  of  important  and  difficult  datasets  and  developed  graph  neural  networks  to  predict  molecular  and  reaction  properties  leveraging  QTAIM  as  inputs.  This  chapter  was  adapted  from  the  following:  This  was  adapted  from  High-throughput  quantum  theory  of  atoms  in  molecules  (QTAIM)  for  geometric  deep  learning  of  molecular  and  reaction  properties  Santiago  Vargas,  Winston  Gee,  and  Anastassia  N.  Alexandrova.  Digital  Discovery  2024  3,  987-998.Advancing  Analysis  of  Electric  Fields  in  Proteins:  The  later  chapters  follow  our  work  in  developing  algorithms  to  ingest,  interpret,  and  predict  on  electric  fields  in  protein  active  sites.  This  work  builds  on  the  notion  of  electrostatic  preorganization,  a  theory  that  posits  that  protein  scaffolds  arrange  to  electrostatically  catalyse  chemical  reactions,  and  thereby,  destabilizing  reactants  while  suppressing  transition  state  energies  [299,  301].Chapter  4  depicts  exhaustive  efforts  to  apply  heterogenous  electric  field  analysis  to  understanding  directed  evolution  in  the  context  of  a  protoglobin  directed  evolution  (DE)  trajectory.  Previous  DE  efforts  optimized  protoglobin  to  efficiently  catalyze  carbene  transfer  reactions.  We  show  that  traditional  explanations  for  increased  catalytic  activity  across  the  DE  lineage,  substrate  access  and  binding,  cannot  account  for  the  dramatic  improvements  in  protein  activity.  By  tracking  the  3-D  electric  field  and  using  clustering  algorithms,  we  pinpoint  representative  structures  for  QM/MM  calculations  and  show  that  changes  in  the  electric  field,  along  DE,  improve  carbene  transfer  reactivity.  These  findings  highlight  the  role  electrostatic  organization,  notably  its  dynamic  effect,  has  on  determining  protein  function  and  points  to  its  future  importance  in  designing  proteins  for  relevant  chemical  processes.  This  chapter  is  adapted  from  Directed  Evolution  of  Protoglobin  Optimizes  the  Enzyme  Electric  Field.  Shobhit  S.  Chaturvedi,  Santiago  Vargas,  Pujan  Ajmera,  and  Anastassia  N.  Alexandrova.  Journal  of  the  American  Chemical  Society  2024  146  (24),  16670-16680  DOI:  10.1021/jacs.4c03914.In  Chapter  5,  I  introduce  a  machine  learning  framework  designed  to  predict  enzyme  functionality  directly  from  the  heterogeneous  electric  fields  applied  to  protein  active  sites.  We  apply  this  method  to  a  dataset  of  Heme-Iron  Oxidoreductases.  Previous  studies  here,  focused  on  simple,  point  electric  fields  along  the  Fe-O  bond,  are  insufficient  for  reasonable  accuracy.  On  the  otherhand,  our  3-D,  heterogenous  model  can  accurately  predict  protein  activity  without  relying  on  additional  protein-specific  information.  In  addition,  feature  selection  elucidates  what  electric  field  components  most  inform  our  models  and  thus  highlight  important  components  to  reactivity  and  selectivity.  Finally,  we  apply  previously-mentioned  electric  field  clustering  algorithms  and  QM/MM  calculations  to  reveal  how  dynamic  complexities  in  protein  structures  can  complicate  predictions  and  thus  provides  a  path  forward  for  improved  models  in  this  space.  This  chapter  is  adapted  from  Machine-learning  prediction  of  protein  function  from  the  portrait  of  its  intramolecular  electric  field.  S.  Vargas*,  S.  Chaturvedi,  A.N.  Alexandrova.  (Accepted,  Journal  of  the  American  Chemical  Society). 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aComputational  chemistry
■650  4▼aPhysical  chemistry
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■653    ▼aQTAIM  descriptors
■653    ▼aHigh-performance  compute
■653    ▼aProtoglobin  
■653    ▼a3-D  electric  field  
■653    ▼aMachine-learning  
■690    ▼a0219
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0800
■690    ▼a0494
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bChemistry  0153.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164064▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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