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Mechanism of Recurrent DNA Break Clusters (RDCs) Generation in Mouse and Human Cells
Mechanism of Recurrent DNA Break Clusters (RDCs) Generation in Mouse and Human Cells
Mechanism of Recurrent DNA Break Clusters (RDCs) Generation in Mouse and Human Cells

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151437
ISBN  
9798382783765
DDC  
574
저자명  
Tena, Aseda.
서명/저자  
Mechanism of Recurrent DNA Break Clusters (RDCs) Generation in Mouse and Human Cells
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
136 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Alt, Frederick W.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Our lab utilized the high-throughput, genome-wide, translocation sequencing (HTGTS) to identify recurrent DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) cluster (RDC) containing genes (RDC genes) in the genome of mouse neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) and, in recent studies of mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ES cells) into NPCs in culture (ESC-NPCs). Many but not all RDC genes were detected upon mild, aphidicolin (APH)-induced ("ectopic") replication stress of NSPCs or ESC-NPCs and mapped to very long, late replicating, transcribed neural genes that were mostly associated with specific roles in synapse function and/or neural cell adhesion. Most RDC genes have been associated in mice, humans, or both with neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer.Mechanisms of RDC formation had remained unknown, but we and others hypothesized that frequent DSBs in RDC genes are generated by head-on collisions between transcription and, under replication stress, extending DNA replication forks. This general mechanism had been proposed as an underlying mechanism for the generation of genomic common fragile sites (CFSs), that have been implicated in genomic instability associated with cancer. In this context, a subset of the robust primary NSPC and ESC-NPCs RDC genes overlapped with certain genes that have copy number variations (CNVs) in mouse ES cells and with a substantial number of genes in human fibroblasts that are the location of CFSs. In addition, 70% of mouse RDCs genes are orthologs of RDC genes found in human NPCs derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Recently, we have extended RDC studies to a human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS) that harbors robust RDCs exclusively upon being subjected to ectopic replication stress. We find that a significant fraction of U2OS RDC genes overlap with mouse RDC genes and genes harboring CFSs in human fibroblasts and various cancer cell lines. These studies support our hypothesis that many RDC genes become detectable only in the presence of ectopic replication stress, and that the subset of RDCs that appear in mouse primary NSPCs in the absence of ectopic replication stress arise from unknown stressors potentially associated with the ex vivo culture or in vivo development. We have performed new experiments to elucidate the relationship between transcription, replication, and replication stress in RDC gene generation. In both mouse NPCs and human U2OS cells, we found that all RDCs genes were transcribed, but there was no direct relationship between RDC formation and RDC gene transcription levels. To confirm a role for transcription in RDC formation, in ES cells, we bi-allelically deleted transcriptional promoters of ectopic replication stress-dependent NPC RDC genes with widely varying transcription levels and then differentiated these promoter-deleted ES cells into NPCs. In all three RDC genes tested, abrogation of transcription via promoter deletion obviated RDC occurrence in APH-treated NPCs. This result unequivocally demonstrated that transcription or transcription-related processes are directly involved in RDC formation.We utilized Okazaki-Seq (OK-Seq) to measure the DNA replication profile of DNA sequences genome-wide, at high resolution, in U2OS cells, either in the absence or presence of APH ectopically induced replication stress. We identified a genomic region within RDC genes, which normally harbors the DNA replication fork termination zone (TZ), where converging replicating forks are terminated. This region is shifted or otherwise aberrant in RDC genes of U2OS cells exposed to ectopic replication stress. The aberrant TZ region of RDC genes correlated both with frequency of RDC breaks and also with a shift of their DSB junction pattern, visualized by ends captured by HTGTS shifting from one direction to the other. We made similar OK-Seq findings in studies of mouse NPCs subjected to ectopic replication stress.We hypothesize that during impaired replication fork termination, and potential de novo initiation in one direction or the other in the vicinity of the normal TZ region, that, transcription encounters de novo-initiated forks in head-on direction regardless of its orientation relative to normal replication fork direction within the gene. This finding suggests a new model to support the transcription-replication fork collision model for CFS and RDC gene formation in which transcription would encounter aberrant replication forks moving in both directions in the region of the termination zone. More broadly, our findings indicate that this general mechanism promotes generation of DNA broken ends within CFSs and RDC genes that can serve as substrates for genomic instability deletions, and translocations.
일반주제명  
Biology
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Oncology
키워드  
Initiation zone
키워드  
Replication stress
키워드  
Termination zone
키워드  
Transcription
키워드  
Cancer
키워드  
Neuropsychiatric disorders
기타저자  
Harvard University Medical Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
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■1001  ▼aTena,  Aseda.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-2025-3609
■24510▼aMechanism  of  Recurrent  DNA  Break  Clusters  (RDCs)  Generation  in  Mouse  and  Human  Cells
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a136  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Alt,  Frederick  W.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aOur  lab  utilized  the  high-throughput,  genome-wide,  translocation  sequencing  (HTGTS)  to  identify  recurrent  DNA  double-stranded  breaks  (DSBs)  cluster  (RDC)  containing  genes  (RDC  genes)  in  the  genome  of  mouse  neural  stem  and  progenitor  cells  (NSPCs)  and,  in  recent  studies  of  mouse  neural  progenitor  cells  (NPCs)  derived  from  differentiation  of  mouse  embryonic  stem  cells  (ES  cells)  into  NPCs  in  culture  (ESC-NPCs).  Many  but  not  all  RDC  genes  were  detected  upon  mild,  aphidicolin  (APH)-induced  ("ectopic")  replication  stress  of  NSPCs  or  ESC-NPCs  and  mapped  to  very  long,  late  replicating,  transcribed  neural  genes  that  were  mostly  associated  with  specific  roles  in  synapse  function  and/or  neural  cell  adhesion.  Most  RDC  genes  have  been  associated  in  mice,  humans,  or  both  with  neuropsychiatric  disorders  and  cancer.Mechanisms  of  RDC  formation  had  remained  unknown,  but  we  and  others  hypothesized  that  frequent  DSBs  in  RDC  genes  are  generated  by  head-on  collisions  between  transcription  and,  under  replication  stress,  extending  DNA  replication  forks.  This  general  mechanism  had  been  proposed  as  an  underlying  mechanism  for  the  generation  of  genomic  common  fragile  sites  (CFSs),  that  have  been  implicated  in  genomic  instability  associated  with  cancer.  In  this  context,  a  subset  of  the  robust  primary  NSPC  and  ESC-NPCs  RDC  genes  overlapped  with  certain  genes  that  have  copy  number  variations  (CNVs)  in  mouse  ES  cells  and  with  a  substantial  number  of  genes  in  human  fibroblasts  that  are  the  location  of  CFSs.  In  addition,  70%  of  mouse  RDCs  genes  are  orthologs  of  RDC  genes  found  in  human  NPCs  derived  from  human-induced  pluripotent  stem  cells.  Recently,  we  have  extended  RDC  studies  to  a  human  osteosarcoma  cell  line  (U2OS)  that  harbors  robust  RDCs  exclusively  upon  being  subjected  to  ectopic  replication  stress.  We  find that  a  significant  fraction  of  U2OS  RDC  genes  overlap  with  mouse  RDC  genes  and  genes  harboring  CFSs  in  human  fibroblasts  and  various  cancer  cell  lines.  These  studies  support  our  hypothesis  that  many  RDC  genes  become  detectable  only  in  the  presence  of  ectopic  replication  stress,  and  that  the  subset  of  RDCs  that  appear  in  mouse  primary  NSPCs  in  the  absence  of  ectopic  replication  stress  arise  from  unknown  stressors  potentially  associated  with  the  ex  vivo  culture  or  in  vivo  development. We  have  performed  new  experiments  to  elucidate  the  relationship  between  transcription,  replication,  and  replication  stress  in  RDC  gene  generation.  In  both  mouse  NPCs  and  human  U2OS  cells,  we  found  that  all  RDCs  genes  were  transcribed,  but  there  was  no  direct  relationship  between  RDC  formation  and  RDC  gene  transcription  levels.  To  confirm  a  role  for  transcription  in  RDC  formation,  in  ES  cells,  we  bi-allelically  deleted  transcriptional  promoters  of  ectopic  replication  stress-dependent  NPC  RDC  genes  with  widely  varying  transcription  levels  and  then  differentiated  these  promoter-deleted  ES  cells  into  NPCs.  In  all  three  RDC  genes  tested,  abrogation  of  transcription  via  promoter  deletion  obviated  RDC  occurrence  in  APH-treated  NPCs.  This  result  unequivocally  demonstrated  that  transcription  or  transcription-related  processes  are  directly  involved  in  RDC  formation.We  utilized  Okazaki-Seq  (OK-Seq)  to  measure  the  DNA  replication  profile  of  DNA  sequences  genome-wide,  at  high  resolution,  in  U2OS  cells,  either  in  the  absence  or  presence  of  APH  ectopically  induced  replication  stress.  We  identified  a  genomic  region  within  RDC  genes,  which  normally  harbors  the  DNA  replication  fork  termination  zone  (TZ),  where  converging  replicating  forks  are  terminated.  This  region  is  shifted  or  otherwise  aberrant  in  RDC  genes  of  U2OS  cells  exposed  to  ectopic  replication  stress.  The  aberrant  TZ  region  of  RDC  genes  correlated  both  with  frequency  of  RDC  breaks  and  also  with  a  shift  of  their  DSB  junction pattern,  visualized  by  ends  captured  by  HTGTS  shifting  from  one  direction  to  the  other.  We  made  similar  OK-Seq  findings  in  studies  of  mouse  NPCs  subjected  to  ectopic  replication  stress.We  hypothesize  that  during  impaired  replication  fork  termination,  and  potential  de  novo  initiation  in  one  direction  or  the  other  in  the  vicinity  of  the  normal  TZ  region,  that,  transcription  encounters  de  novo-initiated  forks  in  head-on  direction  regardless  of  its  orientation  relative  to  normal  replication  fork  direction  within  the  gene.  This  finding  suggests  a  new  model  to  support  the  transcription-replication  fork  collision  model  for  CFS  and  RDC  gene  formation  in  which  transcription  would  encounter  aberrant  replication  forks  moving  in  both  directions  in  the  region  of  the  termination  zone.  More  broadly,  our  findings  indicate  that  this  general  mechanism  promotes  generation  of  DNA  broken  ends  within  CFSs  and  RDC  genes  that  can  serve  as  substrates  for  genomic  instability  deletions,  and  translocations.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aBiology
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aOncology
■653    ▼aInitiation  zone
■653    ▼aReplication  stress
■653    ▼aTermination  zone
■653    ▼aTranscription
■653    ▼aCancer
■653    ▼aNeuropsychiatric  disorders
■690    ▼a0306
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0992
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bMedical  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161730▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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