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Methods and Tool Development for Robust Biological Voltage Imaging
Methods and Tool Development for Robust Biological Voltage Imaging
Methods and Tool Development for Robust Biological Voltage Imaging

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151439
ISBN  
9798382776392
DDC  
540
저자명  
Brooks, Frederick Phillips, III.
서명/저자  
Methods and Tool Development for Robust Biological Voltage Imaging
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
147 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Cohen, Adam E.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Electrical potential differences across membranes play important roles throughout biology, particularly in the brain, where propagating electrical waves called action potentials and smaller subthreshold perturbations carry information within neurons. These electrical signals can be measured at tissue-scale resolution by external electrodes or at a higher resolution by electrodes inserted into the brain. For the highest resolution measurements that avoid many of the problems associated with electrode insertion into the brain, the use of dyes or proteins that transduce the electrical signal into an optical readout is a rapidly maturing technique. While voltage imaging has already enabled significant scientific advances, I address in this dissertation several barriers that have stood in the way of broader use of voltage imaging.First, I worked to overcome the loss of voltage sensitivity under two-photon imaging conditions hitherto seen in microbial rhodopsin voltage indicators. This class of genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) provides superior response kinetics under one-photon conditions but loses sensitivity under two-photon conditions. I experimentally characterized the photocycle of the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-opsin GEVIs, Voltron1 and Voltron2, and used the results of these experiments to rationally design two-photon imaging conditions that restored voltage sensitivity. I demonstrated this technique for two-photon voltage imaging with Voltron2 in barrel cortex of a live mouse. These results open the door to high-speed two-photon voltage imaging of FRET-opsin GEVIs in vivo and provide insight into the reporters' photocycle that is useful both for robust onephoton imaging and for future development of two-photon-optimized rhodopsin-based GEVIs.Second, I bring together experimental and theoretical work to provide a set of well-characterized upper bounds to two-photon voltage imaging performance in vivo. While aspects of this have previously been addressed, there has not been a single work addressing these various limits with a specific focus on two-photon voltage imaging. As voltage imaging operates under different constraints than other more familiar types of functional imaging, this treatment is necessary to set realistic expectations, delineate the most productive avenues for optimization, and provide a common theoretical groundwork for comparing voltage imaging performance. Among other conclusions, we found that current technologies are limited to high quality imaging of 12 neurons under standard conditions at depths greater than 300μm in vivo.Third, I present Luminos, an open-source MATLAB-based software package for highly synchronized control of high-speed microscopes. The distinct constraints of voltage imaging place distinct constraints on the required instrumentation. Existing general-purpose control libraries are inadequate for the speed and synchronization required for voltage imaging experiments involving complex electrical and optical stimulation and recording. Rather than produce control code narrowly-tailored to a specific microscope or experiment, our lab embarked on a project to develop a modular customizable control suite that is now used for data acquisition on all of the seven custom microscopes in our lab and has been publicly released with the aim of making voltage imaging instrumentation more accessible to the broader field.Fourth, I performed a theoretical and experimental treatment of the calibration of intensity-based voltage indicators to an absolute voltage scale. Because of unknown expression levels, background, optical efficiency, and other factors, intensity-based imaging of a single reporter provides only relative signals that cannot be calibrated either to an external scale or across significant spatial or temporal extent. I mathematically and experimentally analyzed the feasibility of calibrating voltage responses with a second independently expressed voltage indicator and found that a combination of a linear indicator with a nonlinear indicator tailored to the voltage range of interest can provide a resilient calibration to an absolute scale. Likely due to a publication bias towards reporting more linear indicators, high-performance nonlinear indicators are not currently available, but this theoretical treatment motivates their development and dissemination.Finally, I discuss the technical outlook for voltage imaging in light of this work. By characterizing the performance limits of two-photon voltage imaging, uncovering the mechanism of two-photon voltage insensitivity in opsin-GEVIs, and proposing a method for dual indicator absolute voltage imaging, I provide insight into the most productive directions for future voltage indicator development. Both the demonstration of two-photon voltage imaging with Voltron2 and the release of the Luminos software are important steps towards making voltage imaging more broadly useful and accessible. Important work remains in further optimizing opsin-GEVIs for two-photon imaging and in making voltage imaging hardware more accessible.
일반주제명  
Chemistry
일반주제명  
Neurosciences
일반주제명  
Biology
일반주제명  
Computational chemistry
키워드  
Instrumentation
키워드  
Voltage imaging
키워드  
Voltage indicators
키워드  
Brain
키워드  
Luminos software
기타저자  
Harvard University Chemistry and Chemical Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31295895
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
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■1001  ▼aBrooks,  Frederick  Phillips,  III.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-4334-8192
■24510▼aMethods  and  Tool  Development  for  Robust  Biological  Voltage  Imaging
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a147  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Cohen,  Adam  E.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aElectrical  potential  differences  across  membranes  play  important  roles  throughout  biology,  particularly  in  the  brain,  where  propagating  electrical  waves  called  action  potentials  and  smaller  subthreshold  perturbations  carry  information  within  neurons.  These  electrical  signals  can  be  measured  at  tissue-scale  resolution  by  external  electrodes  or  at  a  higher  resolution  by  electrodes  inserted  into  the  brain.  For  the  highest  resolution  measurements  that  avoid  many  of  the  problems  associated  with  electrode  insertion  into  the  brain,  the  use  of  dyes  or  proteins  that  transduce  the  electrical  signal  into  an  optical  readout  is  a  rapidly  maturing  technique.  While  voltage  imaging  has  already  enabled  significant  scientific  advances,  I  address  in  this  dissertation  several  barriers  that  have  stood  in  the  way  of  broader  use  of  voltage  imaging.First,  I  worked  to  overcome  the  loss  of  voltage  sensitivity  under  two-photon  imaging  conditions  hitherto  seen  in  microbial  rhodopsin  voltage  indicators.  This  class  of  genetically  encoded  voltage  indicators  (GEVIs)  provides  superior  response  kinetics  under  one-photon  conditions  but  loses  sensitivity  under  two-photon  conditions.  I  experimentally  characterized  the  photocycle  of  the  Forster  resonance  energy  transfer  (FRET)-opsin  GEVIs,  Voltron1  and  Voltron2,  and  used  the  results  of  these  experiments  to  rationally  design  two-photon  imaging  conditions  that  restored  voltage  sensitivity.  I  demonstrated  this  technique  for  two-photon  voltage  imaging  with  Voltron2  in  barrel  cortex  of  a  live  mouse.  These  results  open  the  door  to  high-speed  two-photon  voltage  imaging  of  FRET-opsin  GEVIs  in  vivo  and  provide  insight  into  the  reporters'  photocycle  that  is  useful  both  for  robust  onephoton  imaging  and  for  future  development  of  two-photon-optimized  rhodopsin-based  GEVIs.Second,  I  bring  together  experimental  and  theoretical  work  to  provide  a  set  of  well-characterized  upper  bounds  to  two-photon  voltage  imaging  performance  in  vivo.  While  aspects  of  this  have  previously  been  addressed,  there  has  not  been  a  single  work  addressing  these  various  limits  with  a  specific  focus  on  two-photon  voltage  imaging.  As  voltage  imaging  operates  under  different  constraints  than  other  more  familiar  types  of  functional  imaging,  this  treatment  is  necessary  to  set  realistic  expectations,  delineate  the  most  productive  avenues  for  optimization,  and  provide  a  common  theoretical  groundwork  for  comparing  voltage  imaging  performance.  Among  other  conclusions,  we  found  that  current  technologies  are  limited  to  high  quality  imaging  of  12  neurons  under  standard  conditions  at  depths  greater  than  300μm  in  vivo.Third,  I  present  Luminos,  an  open-source  MATLAB-based  software  package  for  highly  synchronized  control  of  high-speed  microscopes.  The  distinct  constraints  of  voltage  imaging  place  distinct  constraints  on  the  required  instrumentation.  Existing  general-purpose  control  libraries  are  inadequate  for  the  speed  and  synchronization  required  for  voltage  imaging  experiments  involving  complex  electrical  and  optical  stimulation  and  recording.  Rather  than  produce  control  code  narrowly-tailored  to  a  specific  microscope  or  experiment,  our  lab  embarked  on  a  project  to  develop  a  modular  customizable  control  suite  that  is  now  used  for  data  acquisition  on  all  of  the  seven  custom  microscopes  in  our  lab  and  has  been  publicly  released  with  the  aim  of  making  voltage  imaging  instrumentation  more  accessible  to  the  broader  field.Fourth,  I  performed  a  theoretical  and  experimental  treatment  of  the  calibration  of  intensity-based  voltage  indicators  to  an  absolute  voltage  scale.  Because  of  unknown  expression  levels,  background,  optical  efficiency,  and  other  factors,  intensity-based  imaging  of  a  single  reporter  provides  only  relative  signals  that  cannot  be  calibrated  either  to  an  external  scale  or  across  significant  spatial  or  temporal  extent.  I  mathematically  and  experimentally  analyzed  the  feasibility  of  calibrating  voltage  responses  with  a  second  independently  expressed  voltage  indicator  and  found  that  a  combination  of  a  linear  indicator  with  a  nonlinear  indicator  tailored  to  the  voltage  range  of  interest  can  provide  a  resilient  calibration  to  an  absolute  scale.  Likely  due  to  a  publication  bias  towards  reporting  more  linear  indicators,  high-performance  nonlinear  indicators  are  not  currently  available,  but  this  theoretical  treatment  motivates  their  development  and  dissemination.Finally,  I  discuss  the  technical  outlook  for  voltage  imaging  in  light  of  this  work.  By  characterizing  the  performance  limits  of  two-photon  voltage  imaging,  uncovering  the  mechanism  of  two-photon  voltage  insensitivity  in  opsin-GEVIs,  and  proposing  a  method  for  dual  indicator  absolute  voltage  imaging,  I  provide  insight  into  the  most  productive  directions  for  future  voltage  indicator  development.  Both  the  demonstration  of  two-photon  voltage  imaging  with  Voltron2  and  the  release  of  the  Luminos  software  are  important  steps  towards  making  voltage  imaging  more  broadly  useful  and  accessible.  Important  work  remains  in  further  optimizing  opsin-GEVIs  for  two-photon  imaging  and  in  making  voltage  imaging  hardware  more  accessible.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aChemistry
■650  4▼aNeurosciences
■650  4▼aBiology
■650  4▼aComputational  chemistry
■653    ▼aInstrumentation
■653    ▼aVoltage  imaging
■653    ▼aVoltage  indicators
■653    ▼aBrain
■653    ▼aLuminos  software
■690    ▼a0485
■690    ▼a0306
■690    ▼a0317
■690    ▼a0219
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bChemistry  and  Chemical  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161745▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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