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The Paradox of Prosperity: State, Innovation and Economic Leadership in Western Europe, 1100-1930
The Paradox of Prosperity: State, Innovation and Economic Leadership in Western Europe, 11...
The Paradox of Prosperity: State, Innovation and Economic Leadership in Western Europe, 1100-1930

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152828
ISBN  
9798346532583
DDC  
320
저자명  
Zhang, Ye.
서명/저자  
The Paradox of Prosperity: State, Innovation and Economic Leadership in Western Europe, 1100-1930
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
385 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-05, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hall, Peter A.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약In the long-standing debate on how some economies become more successful than others, the successes of liberal historical economies such as the northern Italian city-states and Britain after the Glorious Revolution have been foundational in establishing and testing theories. However, a related puzzle has long eluded social scientists. Economies like the northern Italian city-states and Britain form part of a successive chain of leading economies - i.e., the most productive, innovative and influential economies - in Western Europe. Yet the successes of such economies have always been ephemeral: After a period of dominance, leading economies inevitably become less capable of innovation and growth compared to rising competitors.This dissertation provides an answer to the puzzle. I argue that liberal institutions play paradoxical roles during a leading economy's rise and decline. By allocating political power to a relatively wide range of societal actors and groups, liberal institutions have two, opposing effects on state-building: (1) participatory mechanisms facilitate state-building through the effective mobilization of societal resources; (2) participatory mechanisms hinder state-building by increasing the possibility of one or more of the actors and groups blocking institutional change. The relative magnitudes of these two effects change depending on the level of external threat faced by the state and its liberal institutions. Under a high level of threat, the positive effect outweighs the negative, while the negative effect begins to outweigh the positive as the threat decreases.The changing dynamics between these two effects explain why successive leading economies in Western Europe experience highly similar patterns of rise and decline. Economic leadership depends on an economy's large-scale exploitation of new economic opportunities, for which the state's provision of public goods is necessary. Hence, in any period during Western Europe's history, the leading economy always coincides with the state with the highest capacity - not a result but a necessary enabling condition of economic leadership. Initially, as the leading economy liberalizes, a period of intensive warfare allows liberal political institutions to build up state capacity quickly and effectively. However, as the economy leverages state support to acquire regional leadership, the level of threat faced by the state and its liberal institutions decreases. Under a low level of threat, the negative effects of liberal institutions on state-building come to outweigh the positive effects, leading to stagnation in state capacity and the loss of economic leadership.This dissertation illustrates how this process takes place across historically disparate leading economies through the trajectories of three Western European historical economies: the city-states of northern Italy during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Dutch Republic during the 18th century, and Britain during the late-19th and early-20th centuries. Although I have deliberately chosen cases that are separated by centuries, I show that the same mechanisms can be observed at work in each economy. I focus most centrally on the leading economies during the period in which each is in decline respectively, and then compare each declining leader to two counterfactual cases: to its former self during the earlier period of growth, and to its most successful contemporaneous challenger. For example, I compare the 18th-century Dutch economy to the 17th-century Dutch economy and to the 18th-century British economy. The analytical leverage in these comparisons derives from the considerable similarities between the cases: incumbent leaders and successful challengers often share crucial economic, political, social and cultural characteristics. Finally, I compare the three periods during which economic leadership succession took place, and demonstrate that the same mechanisms, albeit with some variations in detail, can be observed across all three cases.Chapter 1 introduces the problem of leading economy decline and discusses why the problem poses a challenge to most existing theories of economic growth, and how a systematic examination of these cases within political economy could contribute to our understanding not only of these economies but of economic growth and political institutions in general. Chapter 2 lays out the theoretical argument: First, it constructs a systematized definition of economic leadership based on existing concepts in the literature. Then it presents a theory of economic leadership that explains the pattern of rise and decline of leading Western European economies, arguing that liberal institutions initially conducive to these economies' ascent subsequently become detrimental to their exploitation of new economic opportunities. After introducing the theory, it checks the theory's core propositions against empirical observations of historical leading economies, and discusses the theory's implications for theories of economic growth and liberal institutions more broadly.The next six chapters consist of empirical studies. Chapter 3 covers both the rise and decline of the northern Italian city-states. Using the case study of Genoa, it demonstrates that Genoese state-building was much more robust during the period in which it faced significant existential threats than in subsequent centuries, and that the lack of state support contributed to Genoa's limited participation in the Atlantic trade. Chapter 4 argues that while the Dutch cities were highly similar to their northern Italian counterparts, Spanish threat during the Eighty Years' War enabled effective state-building in the Dutch Republic, which contributed to its subsequent economic success. Chapter 5 shows that a century later, a more secure international environment led to increasing factionalism and stagnation in Dutch state-building, which prevented the Dutch economy from developing new markets and manufactures more effectively. Chapter 6 studies Britain - a counterfactual highly similar to the Dutch Republic - during the same period. Britain experienced the Financial Revolution as a result of the royalist/Jacobite threat, and thereby developed state institutions that enabled the Industrial Revolution. Chapter 7 demonstrates how, a century later, Britain's performance in the Second Industrial Revolution suffered as a result of slow state response to industrial demands for public goods provision. Chapter 8 picks up where Chapter 7 leaves off, and shows slow state response resulted from tight fiscal constraints and multiplying factionalism in British politics. The lack of threats during Pax Britannica contributed to both. Finally, Chapter 9 discusses the main takeaways from these sets of comparisons, as well as the theory's generalizability to cases beyond historical leading economies.
일반주제명  
Political science
일반주제명  
Finance
키워드  
Economic leadership
키워드  
Liberal institutions
키워드  
State-building
키워드  
Innovation
키워드  
Western Europe
기타저자  
Harvard University Government
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-05A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aZhang,  Ye.▼0(orcid)0009-0001-7423-7890
■24510▼aThe  Paradox  of  Prosperity:  State,  Innovation  and  Economic  Leadership  in  Western  Europe,  1100-1930
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a385  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-05,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hall,  Peter  A.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aIn  the  long-standing  debate  on  how  some  economies  become  more  successful  than  others,  the  successes  of  liberal  historical  economies  such  as  the  northern  Italian  city-states  and  Britain  after  the  Glorious  Revolution  have  been  foundational  in  establishing  and  testing  theories.  However,  a  related  puzzle  has  long  eluded  social  scientists.  Economies  like  the  northern  Italian  city-states  and  Britain  form  part  of  a  successive  chain  of  leading  economies  -  i.e.,  the  most  productive,  innovative  and  influential  economies  -  in  Western  Europe.  Yet  the  successes  of  such  economies  have  always  been  ephemeral:  After  a  period  of  dominance,  leading  economies  inevitably  become  less  capable  of  innovation  and  growth  compared  to  rising  competitors.This  dissertation  provides  an  answer  to  the  puzzle.  I  argue  that  liberal  institutions  play  paradoxical  roles  during  a  leading  economy's  rise  and  decline.  By  allocating  political  power  to  a  relatively  wide  range  of  societal  actors  and  groups,  liberal  institutions  have  two,  opposing  effects  on  state-building:  (1)  participatory  mechanisms  facilitate  state-building  through  the  effective  mobilization  of  societal  resources;  (2)  participatory  mechanisms  hinder  state-building  by  increasing  the  possibility  of  one  or  more  of  the  actors  and  groups  blocking  institutional  change.  The  relative  magnitudes  of  these  two  effects  change  depending  on  the  level  of  external  threat  faced  by  the  state  and  its  liberal  institutions.  Under  a  high  level  of  threat,  the  positive  effect  outweighs  the  negative,  while  the  negative  effect  begins  to  outweigh  the  positive  as  the  threat  decreases.The  changing  dynamics  between  these  two  effects  explain  why  successive  leading  economies  in  Western  Europe  experience  highly  similar  patterns  of  rise  and  decline.  Economic  leadership  depends  on  an  economy's  large-scale  exploitation  of  new  economic  opportunities,  for  which  the  state's  provision  of  public  goods  is  necessary.  Hence,  in  any  period  during  Western  Europe's  history,  the  leading  economy  always  coincides  with  the  state  with  the  highest  capacity  -  not  a  result  but  a  necessary  enabling  condition  of  economic  leadership.  Initially,  as  the  leading  economy  liberalizes,  a  period  of  intensive  warfare  allows  liberal  political  institutions  to  build  up  state  capacity  quickly  and  effectively.  However,  as  the  economy  leverages  state  support  to  acquire  regional  leadership,  the  level  of  threat  faced  by  the  state  and  its  liberal  institutions  decreases.  Under  a  low  level  of  threat,  the  negative  effects  of  liberal  institutions  on  state-building  come  to  outweigh  the  positive  effects,  leading  to  stagnation  in  state  capacity  and  the  loss  of  economic  leadership.This  dissertation  illustrates  how  this  process  takes  place  across  historically  disparate  leading  economies  through  the  trajectories  of  three  Western  European  historical  economies:  the  city-states  of  northern  Italy  during  the  16th  and  17th  centuries,  the  Dutch  Republic  during  the  18th  century,  and  Britain  during  the  late-19th  and  early-20th  centuries.  Although  I  have  deliberately  chosen  cases  that  are  separated  by  centuries,  I  show  that  the  same  mechanisms  can  be  observed  at  work  in  each  economy.  I  focus  most  centrally  on  the  leading  economies  during  the  period  in  which  each  is  in  decline  respectively,  and  then  compare  each  declining  leader  to  two  counterfactual  cases:  to  its  former  self  during  the  earlier  period  of  growth,  and  to  its  most  successful  contemporaneous  challenger.  For  example,  I  compare  the  18th-century  Dutch  economy  to  the  17th-century  Dutch  economy  and  to  the  18th-century  British  economy.  The  analytical  leverage  in  these  comparisons  derives  from  the  considerable  similarities  between  the  cases:  incumbent  leaders  and  successful  challengers  often  share  crucial  economic,  political,  social  and  cultural  characteristics.  Finally,  I  compare  the  three  periods  during  which  economic  leadership  succession  took  place,  and  demonstrate  that  the  same  mechanisms,  albeit  with  some  variations  in  detail,  can  be  observed  across  all  three  cases.Chapter  1  introduces  the  problem  of  leading  economy  decline  and  discusses  why  the  problem  poses  a  challenge  to  most  existing  theories  of  economic  growth,  and  how  a  systematic  examination  of  these  cases  within  political  economy  could  contribute  to  our  understanding  not  only  of  these  economies  but  of  economic  growth  and  political  institutions  in  general.  Chapter  2  lays  out  the  theoretical  argument:  First,  it  constructs  a  systematized  definition  of  economic  leadership  based  on  existing  concepts  in  the  literature.  Then  it  presents  a  theory  of  economic  leadership  that  explains  the  pattern  of  rise  and  decline  of  leading  Western  European  economies,  arguing  that  liberal  institutions  initially  conducive  to  these  economies'  ascent  subsequently  become  detrimental  to  their  exploitation  of  new  economic  opportunities.  After  introducing  the  theory,  it  checks  the  theory's  core  propositions  against  empirical  observations  of  historical  leading  economies,  and  discusses  the  theory's  implications  for  theories  of  economic  growth  and  liberal  institutions  more  broadly.The  next  six  chapters  consist  of  empirical  studies.  Chapter  3  covers  both  the  rise  and  decline  of  the  northern  Italian  city-states.  Using  the  case  study  of  Genoa,  it  demonstrates  that  Genoese  state-building  was  much  more  robust  during  the  period  in  which  it  faced  significant  existential  threats  than  in  subsequent  centuries,  and  that  the  lack  of  state  support  contributed  to  Genoa's  limited  participation  in  the  Atlantic  trade.  Chapter  4  argues  that  while  the  Dutch  cities  were  highly  similar  to  their  northern  Italian  counterparts,  Spanish  threat  during  the  Eighty  Years'  War  enabled  effective  state-building  in  the  Dutch  Republic,  which  contributed  to  its  subsequent  economic  success.  Chapter  5  shows  that  a  century  later,  a  more  secure  international  environment  led  to  increasing  factionalism  and  stagnation  in  Dutch  state-building,  which  prevented  the  Dutch  economy  from  developing  new  markets  and  manufactures  more  effectively.  Chapter  6  studies  Britain  -  a  counterfactual  highly  similar  to  the  Dutch  Republic  -  during  the  same  period.  Britain  experienced  the  Financial  Revolution  as  a  result  of  the  royalist/Jacobite  threat,  and  thereby  developed  state  institutions  that  enabled  the  Industrial  Revolution.  Chapter  7  demonstrates  how,  a  century  later,  Britain's  performance  in  the  Second  Industrial  Revolution  suffered  as  a  result  of  slow  state  response  to  industrial  demands  for  public  goods  provision.  Chapter  8  picks  up  where  Chapter  7  leaves  off,  and  shows  slow  state  response  resulted  from  tight  fiscal  constraints  and  multiplying  factionalism  in  British  politics.  The  lack  of  threats  during  Pax  Britannica  contributed  to  both.  Finally,  Chapter  9  discusses  the  main  takeaways  from  these  sets  of  comparisons,  as  well  as  the  theory's  generalizability  to  cases  beyond  historical  leading  economies.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aPolitical  science
■650  4▼aFinance
■653    ▼aEconomic  leadership
■653    ▼aLiberal  institutions
■653    ▼aState-building
■653    ▼aInnovation
■653    ▼aWestern  Europe
■690    ▼a0615
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0601
■690    ▼a0508
■690    ▼a0509
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bGovernment.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-05A.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164073▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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