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Silicon-Nitride Resonant Optical Gyroscope with Earth-Rate Sensitivity
Silicon-Nitride Resonant Optical Gyroscope with Earth-Rate Sensitivity
Silicon-Nitride Resonant Optical Gyroscope with Earth-Rate Sensitivity

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152749
ISBN  
9798342107419
DDC  
620
저자명  
Zawada, Adele Nicole.
서명/저자  
Silicon-Nitride Resonant Optical Gyroscope with Earth-Rate Sensitivity
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
159 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Digonnet, Michel.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG) is the world's most successful fiber sensor. Due to its high sensitivity and stability, the FOG is used in many navigation applications including satellites, aircrafts, and submarines. The main drawbacks FOGs are that they are expensive, bulky, and are not easily manufacturable. In the last decade, there has been an increasing research focus on improving miniaturized optical gyroscopes. This surge is driven in part by the emergence of drones, self-driving cars, and other autonomous vehicles. These technologies require navigational systems that do not rely on GPS signals, which can be blocked, unavailable, or intentionally jammed. There is a growing demand for gyroscopes that are small and inexpensive, but also have high performance. Specifically, to safely navigate autonomous vehicles, a gyroscope must meet tactical-grade specifications, which require a noise (or angular random walk (ARW)) of less than 0.05 deg/√h and a drift of better than 10 deg/h. Optical gyroscopes fabricated on silicon chips are a promising platform to satisfy this gap in the technology.This thesis focuses on improving the performance of a resonant optical gyroscope fabricated with a silicon-nitride (SiN) waveguide. The first generation (2021) of the chip-scale ring gyroscope was fabricated in the shape of a racetrack with a length of 37 mm and finesse of 1270. The gyro was interrogated with a 10-kHz linewidth laser that was tuned to a resonance with a low backscattering coefficient, and balanced detection was used to reduce reciprocal noise in the two counter-propagating signals. The lowest measured ARW, or minimum detectable rotation rate, was 1.3 deg/√h, the drift was 4000 deg/h, and the gyro output was limited by backscattering noise. This thesis describes the different techniques that were implemented to advance this technology towards achieving tactical-grade specifications.The two dominant noise sources in a ring gyro output, when using a probe laser with sufficiently low relative intensity noise, are backscattering noise and laser frequency noise. To reduce backscattering noise, a second generation gyro was fabricated with a lower finesse. The new device had a multi-turn spiral design with a total length of 1.2 m coiled on a 6.1-mm diameter footprint, and a finesse of 30. Other sources of noise and drift were investigated and reduced, including replacing mechanical connectors between components with fusion splices, reducing the laser frequency noise by using a laser with a narrower linewidth, and optimizing the electro-optic modulators, balanced detectors, and other components. When the multi-turn ring gyro was interrogated with a 90-Hz linewidth laser, the lowest measured ARW was 6.7 deg/h/√Hz, and the drift was 250 deg/h. Each of these values surpasses those measured by the first generation SiN gyro by more than an order of magnitude, and are approaching tactical-grade specifications.This thesis also highlights advancements in two additional research projects related to optical sensors. One project focuses on the development of a high-resolution fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) sensor operated as a microphone and hydrophone. The investigation demonstrated that enhancing the resolution of an FBG sensor is achievable by applying an elastic coating to the fiber. However, the observed improvement in sensitivity did not match previous reports. The other project explores numerical and experimental methods aimed at improving the ARW of a FOG by optimizing the phase bias applied to the gyro. The results from each of these projects were achieved through a collaborative effort between previous graduate students and me. Conducting these research projects provided me with an introduction to the fundamentals of optical sensors and equipped me with practical experimental methods essential for my work on the chip-scale gyro project.
일반주제명  
Receivers & amplifiers
일반주제명  
Consumer electronics
일반주제명  
Global positioning systems--GPS
일반주제명  
Silicon nitride
일반주제명  
Semiconductors
일반주제명  
Lasers
일반주제명  
Autonomous vehicles
일반주제명  
Microphones
일반주제명  
Unmanned aerial vehicles
일반주제명  
Spectrum allocation
일반주제명  
Acoustics
일반주제명  
Optics
일반주제명  
Virtual reality
일반주제명  
Aerospace engineering
일반주제명  
Electrical engineering
일반주제명  
Electromagnetics
일반주제명  
Information technology
일반주제명  
Robotics
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)Stanfordww252hw3771
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■0820  ▼a620
■1001  ▼aZawada,  Adele  Nicole.
■24510▼aSilicon-Nitride  Resonant  Optical  Gyroscope  with  Earth-Rate  Sensitivity
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a159  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Digonnet,  Michel.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  interferometric  fiber-optic  gyroscope  (FOG)  is  the  world's  most  successful  fiber  sensor.  Due  to  its  high  sensitivity  and  stability,  the  FOG  is  used  in  many  navigation  applications  including  satellites,  aircrafts,  and  submarines.  The  main  drawbacks  FOGs  are  that  they  are  expensive,  bulky,  and  are  not  easily  manufacturable.  In  the  last  decade,  there  has  been  an  increasing  research  focus  on  improving  miniaturized  optical  gyroscopes.  This  surge  is  driven  in  part  by  the  emergence  of  drones,  self-driving  cars,  and  other  autonomous  vehicles.  These  technologies  require  navigational  systems  that  do  not  rely  on  GPS  signals,  which  can  be  blocked,  unavailable,  or  intentionally  jammed.  There  is  a  growing  demand  for  gyroscopes  that  are  small  and  inexpensive,  but  also  have  high  performance.  Specifically,  to  safely  navigate  autonomous  vehicles,  a  gyroscope  must  meet  tactical-grade  specifications,  which  require  a  noise  (or  angular  random  walk  (ARW))  of  less  than  0.05  deg/√h  and  a  drift  of  better  than  10  deg/h.  Optical  gyroscopes  fabricated  on  silicon  chips  are  a  promising  platform  to  satisfy  this  gap  in  the  technology.This  thesis  focuses  on  improving  the  performance  of  a  resonant  optical  gyroscope  fabricated  with  a  silicon-nitride  (SiN)  waveguide.  The  first  generation  (2021)  of  the  chip-scale  ring  gyroscope  was  fabricated  in  the  shape  of  a  racetrack  with  a  length  of  37  mm  and  finesse  of  1270.  The  gyro  was  interrogated  with  a  10-kHz  linewidth  laser  that  was  tuned  to  a  resonance  with  a  low  backscattering  coefficient,  and  balanced  detection  was  used  to  reduce  reciprocal  noise  in  the  two  counter-propagating  signals.  The  lowest  measured  ARW,  or  minimum  detectable  rotation  rate,  was  1.3  deg/√h,  the  drift  was  4000  deg/h,  and  the  gyro  output  was  limited  by  backscattering  noise.  This  thesis  describes  the  different  techniques  that  were  implemented  to  advance  this  technology  towards  achieving  tactical-grade  specifications.The  two  dominant  noise  sources  in  a  ring  gyro  output,  when  using  a  probe  laser  with  sufficiently  low  relative  intensity  noise,  are  backscattering  noise  and  laser  frequency  noise.  To  reduce  backscattering  noise,  a  second  generation  gyro  was  fabricated  with  a  lower  finesse.  The  new  device  had  a  multi-turn  spiral  design  with  a  total  length  of  1.2  m  coiled  on  a  6.1-mm  diameter  footprint,  and  a  finesse  of  30.  Other  sources  of  noise  and  drift  were  investigated  and  reduced,  including  replacing  mechanical  connectors  between  components  with  fusion  splices,  reducing  the  laser  frequency  noise  by  using  a  laser  with  a  narrower  linewidth,  and  optimizing  the  electro-optic  modulators,  balanced  detectors,  and  other  components.  When  the  multi-turn  ring  gyro  was  interrogated  with  a  90-Hz  linewidth  laser,  the  lowest  measured  ARW  was  6.7  deg/h/√Hz,  and  the  drift  was  250  deg/h.  Each  of  these  values  surpasses  those  measured  by  the  first  generation  SiN  gyro  by  more  than  an  order  of  magnitude,  and  are  approaching  tactical-grade  specifications.This  thesis  also  highlights  advancements  in  two  additional  research  projects  related  to  optical  sensors.  One  project  focuses  on  the  development  of  a  high-resolution  fiber-Bragg-grating  (FBG)  sensor  operated  as  a  microphone  and  hydrophone.  The  investigation  demonstrated  that  enhancing  the  resolution  of  an  FBG  sensor  is  achievable  by  applying  an  elastic  coating  to  the  fiber.  However,  the  observed  improvement  in  sensitivity  did  not  match  previous  reports.  The  other  project  explores  numerical  and  experimental  methods  aimed  at  improving  the  ARW  of  a  FOG  by  optimizing  the  phase  bias  applied  to  the  gyro.  The  results  from  each  of  these  projects  were  achieved  through  a  collaborative  effort  between  previous  graduate  students  and  me.  Conducting  these  research  projects  provided  me  with  an  introduction  to  the  fundamentals  of  optical  sensors  and  equipped  me  with  practical  experimental  methods  essential  for  my  work  on  the  chip-scale  gyro  project.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aReceivers  &  amplifiers
■650  4▼aConsumer  electronics
■650  4▼aGlobal  positioning  systems--GPS
■650  4▼aSilicon  nitride
■650  4▼aSemiconductors
■650  4▼aLasers
■650  4▼aAutonomous  vehicles
■650  4▼aMicrophones
■650  4▼aUnmanned  aerial  vehicles
■650  4▼aSpectrum  allocation
■650  4▼aAcoustics
■650  4▼aOptics
■650  4▼aVirtual  reality
■650  4▼aAerospace  engineering
■650  4▼aElectrical  engineering
■650  4▼aElectromagnetics
■650  4▼aInformation  technology
■650  4▼aRobotics
■690    ▼a0752
■690    ▼a0986
■690    ▼a0538
■690    ▼a0544
■690    ▼a0607
■690    ▼a0489
■690    ▼a0771
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-04B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163755▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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