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Exploring Women's Experiences in State Law Enforcement: Resistance, Persistence, and Acceptance
Exploring Women's Experiences in State Law Enforcement: Resistance, Persistence, and Acceptance
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211153132
- ISBN
- 9798346852452
- DDC
- 350
- 저자명
- Davis, Jill A.
- 서명/저자
- Exploring Womens Experiences in State Law Enforcement: Resistance, Persistence, and Acceptance
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : The Ohio State University, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 179 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-06, Section: A.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Hassan, Shahidul.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Despite federal legislation prohibiting gender discrimination and recent police reforms advocating for women's full integration into law enforcement, policing in the United States persists as one of the most exclusionary occupations for women, especially at the state level (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2023; Yu & Viswanath, 2022). From the 1968 Kerner Report (Headley & Wright, 2019) to the Biden-Harris Administration (The Executive Office of the White House, 2022), policymakers and advocates have advanced the need for diverse and inclusive law enforcement organizations to create an effective, professional police institution. Outlined in President Obama's Task Force on 21st Century Policing, the underlying logic explicitly calls for law enforcement to diversify across its ranks, including by gender, to promote democratic policing practices and to attenuate long-standing tensions between law enforcement and communities of color (President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing, 2015). Yet to date, law enforcement, particularly at the state-level persists as one of the most male-dominated occupations (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2023; Yu & Viswanath, 2022). A large body of research in policing, criminology, public administration, and occupational sociology document the challenges policewomen confront as they build their careers (Brown et al., 2019; Davis & Hassan, 2024; Lonsway et al., 2013; Marsh, 2019; Martin, 1980; Rabe-Hemp, 2017; Sanders et al., 2022; Shjarback & Todak, 2019; Silvestri, 2017; Todak & Brown, 2019; Yu, 2015, 2018). However, most studies focus on local or federal law enforcement organizations, with few in-depth studies investigating state-level organizations (Yu & Viswanath, 2022). Furthermore, the extant literature has not fully explained why law enforcement resists gender inclusion. The principal aim of this mixed-method dissertation project is to advance the existing literature by employing socio-ecological theoretical approaches that account for both officer psychological dispositions as well as broader institutional and structural processes that help explain the persistence of women's underrepresentation in state-level law enforcement.The first quantitative study draws on Social Dominance Theory to provide a better understanding of the values and beliefs underlying policemen's negative perceptions. With survey data and using Ordinary Least Squares Regression analyses, we examine the association between Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), an individual difference variable that captures preference for group-based social hierarchy, and officers' assessment of women's suitability for law enforcement. In line with existing evidence, the analyses show that compared to policewomen, policemen provide a significantly more negative assessment of women's suitability for law enforcement. I also find that higher SDO officers report more negative assessments of women in law enforcement, and officers' diversity value partially mediates this relationship. These novel findings suggest that officers who desire to protect existing power dynamics are more likely to resist organizational diversity efforts and have more negative views about women's suitability for law enforcement.The second, qualitative study draws on Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), which accounts for gender and other forms of individual diversity related to career development (Lent & Brown, 2013). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 33 sworn policewomen, to understand how women in state-level law enforcement cope with the challenges they experience as they build their careers and what motivates them to persist despite the challenges. The study also seeks to uncover characteristics unique to state-level law enforcement that exacerbate women's underrepresentation. Aligned with SCCT, participants reported that social support, through mentorship or a higher-ranking leader, is paramount to women's success in law enforcement. Participants motivation to join law enforcement included expressing personal values and having social support from important people in their lives. These motivations also support persistence. Primary coping strategies significantly overlapped, including tenacity, "proving yourself" and performing masculinity. Participants reported ambition, women's advantage, and passion for the work as motivators to persist despite the challenges. Finally, participants believed state-level law enforcement is less gender-inclusive due to its more intense military structure, which shapes the academy, work organization, and officer physical expectations, increasing barriers for policewomen's careers and restricting avenues to gender parity.The final critical essay builds on the first two empirical chapters by incorporating theories of hegemonic masculinity (Connell & Messerschmidt, 2005) and gender status (Ridgeway, 2011) to frame police reform. The critical essay argues that police reform efforts to transform law enforcement's hyper-masculine culture into a more feminized guardian culture are misguided because they inadvertently essentialize gender. By projecting gender stereotypes onto women and men, assuming that gender is biologically rooted, we perceive exaggerated differences between women's and men's behaviors and attitudes. By focusing on perceived gender differences, our attention is pulled away from the more powerful masculine social forces that define and direct organizational and individual law enforcement behaviors. By contrast, situating public safety within a public health framework can account for the interacting gendered social processes that produce occupational and individual outcomes in law enforcement. We can also innovate new, more effective and sustainable strategies to increase women's representation in law enforcement as part of a project to create safe communities.
- 일반주제명
- Public administration
- 일반주제명
- Gender studies
- 일반주제명
- Law enforcement
- 키워드
- Policing
- 키워드
- Gender
- 기타저자
- The Ohio State University Public Policy and Management
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-06A.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■24510▼aExploring Women's Experiences in State Law Enforcement: Resistance, Persistence, and Acceptance
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bThe Ohio State University▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a179 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-06, Section: A.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Hassan, Shahidul.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2024.
■520 ▼aDespite federal legislation prohibiting gender discrimination and recent police reforms advocating for women's full integration into law enforcement, policing in the United States persists as one of the most exclusionary occupations for women, especially at the state level (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2023; Yu & Viswanath, 2022). From the 1968 Kerner Report (Headley & Wright, 2019) to the Biden-Harris Administration (The Executive Office of the White House, 2022), policymakers and advocates have advanced the need for diverse and inclusive law enforcement organizations to create an effective, professional police institution. Outlined in President Obama's Task Force on 21st Century Policing, the underlying logic explicitly calls for law enforcement to diversify across its ranks, including by gender, to promote democratic policing practices and to attenuate long-standing tensions between law enforcement and communities of color (President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing, 2015). Yet to date, law enforcement, particularly at the state-level persists as one of the most male-dominated occupations (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2023; Yu & Viswanath, 2022). A large body of research in policing, criminology, public administration, and occupational sociology document the challenges policewomen confront as they build their careers (Brown et al., 2019; Davis & Hassan, 2024; Lonsway et al., 2013; Marsh, 2019; Martin, 1980; Rabe-Hemp, 2017; Sanders et al., 2022; Shjarback & Todak, 2019; Silvestri, 2017; Todak & Brown, 2019; Yu, 2015, 2018). However, most studies focus on local or federal law enforcement organizations, with few in-depth studies investigating state-level organizations (Yu & Viswanath, 2022). Furthermore, the extant literature has not fully explained why law enforcement resists gender inclusion. The principal aim of this mixed-method dissertation project is to advance the existing literature by employing socio-ecological theoretical approaches that account for both officer psychological dispositions as well as broader institutional and structural processes that help explain the persistence of women's underrepresentation in state-level law enforcement.The first quantitative study draws on Social Dominance Theory to provide a better understanding of the values and beliefs underlying policemen's negative perceptions. With survey data and using Ordinary Least Squares Regression analyses, we examine the association between Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), an individual difference variable that captures preference for group-based social hierarchy, and officers' assessment of women's suitability for law enforcement. In line with existing evidence, the analyses show that compared to policewomen, policemen provide a significantly more negative assessment of women's suitability for law enforcement. I also find that higher SDO officers report more negative assessments of women in law enforcement, and officers' diversity value partially mediates this relationship. These novel findings suggest that officers who desire to protect existing power dynamics are more likely to resist organizational diversity efforts and have more negative views about women's suitability for law enforcement.The second, qualitative study draws on Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), which accounts for gender and other forms of individual diversity related to career development (Lent & Brown, 2013). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 33 sworn policewomen, to understand how women in state-level law enforcement cope with the challenges they experience as they build their careers and what motivates them to persist despite the challenges. The study also seeks to uncover characteristics unique to state-level law enforcement that exacerbate women's underrepresentation. Aligned with SCCT, participants reported that social support, through mentorship or a higher-ranking leader, is paramount to women's success in law enforcement. Participants motivation to join law enforcement included expressing personal values and having social support from important people in their lives. These motivations also support persistence. Primary coping strategies significantly overlapped, including tenacity, "proving yourself" and performing masculinity. Participants reported ambition, women's advantage, and passion for the work as motivators to persist despite the challenges. Finally, participants believed state-level law enforcement is less gender-inclusive due to its more intense military structure, which shapes the academy, work organization, and officer physical expectations, increasing barriers for policewomen's careers and restricting avenues to gender parity.The final critical essay builds on the first two empirical chapters by incorporating theories of hegemonic masculinity (Connell & Messerschmidt, 2005) and gender status (Ridgeway, 2011) to frame police reform. The critical essay argues that police reform efforts to transform law enforcement's hyper-masculine culture into a more feminized guardian culture are misguided because they inadvertently essentialize gender. By projecting gender stereotypes onto women and men, assuming that gender is biologically rooted, we perceive exaggerated differences between women's and men's behaviors and attitudes. By focusing on perceived gender differences, our attention is pulled away from the more powerful masculine social forces that define and direct organizational and individual law enforcement behaviors. By contrast, situating public safety within a public health framework can account for the interacting gendered social processes that produce occupational and individual outcomes in law enforcement. We can also innovate new, more effective and sustainable strategies to increase women's representation in law enforcement as part of a project to create safe communities.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0168.
■650 4▼aPublic administration
■650 4▼aGender studies
■650 4▼aLaw enforcement
■653 ▼aPolicing
■653 ▼aGender
■653 ▼aPublic management
■653 ▼aGender discrimination
■690 ▼a0617
■690 ▼a0206
■690 ▼a0733
■690 ▼a0703
■71020▼aThe Ohio State University▼bPublic Policy and Management.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-06A.
■790 ▼a0168
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17165171▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


