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The Wigner Crystal State in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems: Universal Aspects of Its Melting Transition and Novel Phases Induced by Screening and Quantum Geometry
The Wigner Crystal State in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems: Universal Aspects of Its Mel...
The Wigner Crystal State in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems: Universal Aspects of Its Melting Transition and Novel Phases Induced by Screening and Quantum Geometry

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153133
ISBN  
9798346853626
DDC  
530
저자명  
Joy, Sandeep.
서명/저자  
The Wigner Crystal State in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems: Universal Aspects of Its Melting Transition and Novel Phases Induced by Screening and Quantum Geometry
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Ohio State University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
134 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-06, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Skinner, Brian.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The Wigner crystal (WC) phase represents one of the earliest proposed strongly correlated states of electrons. In this phase, when the density of a two-dimensional electron system is sufficiently low, the system becomes unstable (at low temperatures) and undergoes a phase transition into a solid phase with spontaneously broken translational symmetry. This occurs because, at such low densities, the Coulomb interaction, which localizes electrons, dominates the kinetic energy. Motivated by recent experimental progress on realizing and controlling low density two-dimensional electron systems, this thesis considers various fundamental properties of the WC phase and modifications and extensions of the traditional WC phase.In the first project, we consider the fate of the WC state in a two-dimensional system of massive Dirac electrons as the effective fine structure constantα is increased. In a Dirac system, larger α naively corresponds to stronger electron-electron interactions, but it also implies a stronger interband dielectric response that effectively renormalizes the electron charge. We calculate the critical density and critical temperature associated with the quantum and thermal melting of the WC state using two independent approaches. We show that at α ≫ 1, the WC state is best understood in terms of logarithmically-interacting electrons and that both the critical density and the melting temperature approach a universal, α-independent value. We discuss our results in the context of recent experiments in twisted bilayer graphene near the magic angle.In the second project we focus on WC state formed in Bernal bilayer graphene (BBG) under the application of a perpendicular displacement field. Here, the applied perpendicular electric field flattens the bottom of the conduction band, thereby facilitating the formation of strongly correlated states. Initially, we consider a model of BBG without trigonal warping and theoretically demonstrate that the Berry curvature introduces a novel type of WC state. In this state, electrons develop a spontaneous orbital magnetization once the displacement field surpasses a critical threshold. Next, we consider the impact of trigonal warping in BBG and reveal that it results in an unusual "doubly re-entrant" behavior of the WC phase as a function of density. The rotational symmetry breaking associated with trigonal warping leads to a complex "minivalley order" in the WC state, which shifts abruptly at a critical displacement field value. In both scenarios, we estimate the phase boundary of the WC state concerning density, displacement field, and temperature.In two-dimensional electronic systems, a direct first-order phase transitions (for example the melting of WC to Fermi liquid state) are prohibited as a consequence of the long-range Coulomb interaction, which implies a stiff energetic penalty for macroscopic phase separation. A prominent proposal is that any direct first-order transition is instead replaced by a sequence of "microemulsion" phases, in which the two phases are mixed in patterns of mesoscopic domains. In the third project, we comment on the range Δn of average electron density that such microemulsion phases may occupy. We point out that, even without knowing the value of a phenomenological parameter associated with surface tension between the two phases, one can place a fairly strong upper bound on the value of Δn. We make numerical estimates for Δn in the case of the Fermi liquid to Wigner crystal transition and find Δn to be on the order of 107 cm-2. This value is much smaller than the width of the phase transition observed in experiments, suggesting that disorder is a more likely explanation for the apparent broadening of the transition. Our results also contributed to a collaborative effort with Andrea Young's experimental group at the University of California, Santa Barbara, which explored the transition between stripe and bubble phases of graphene electrons in higher Landau levels.
일반주제명  
Physics
일반주제명  
Applied physics
일반주제명  
Quantum physics
키워드  
Wigner crystal
키워드  
Two-dimensional electron system
키워드  
Coulomb interaction
키워드  
Phase transition
기타저자  
The Ohio State University Physics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-06B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■0820  ▼a530
■1001  ▼aJoy,  Sandeep.
■24510▼aThe  Wigner  Crystal  State  in  Two-Dimensional  Electron  Systems:  Universal  Aspects  of  Its  Melting  Transition  and  Novel  Phases  Induced  by  Screening  and  Quantum  Geometry
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Ohio  State  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a134  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-06,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Skinner,  Brian.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Ohio  State  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  Wigner  crystal  (WC)  phase  represents  one  of  the  earliest  proposed  strongly  correlated  states  of  electrons.  In  this  phase,  when  the  density  of  a  two-dimensional  electron  system  is  sufficiently  low,  the  system  becomes  unstable  (at  low  temperatures)  and  undergoes  a  phase  transition  into  a  solid  phase  with  spontaneously  broken  translational  symmetry.  This  occurs  because,  at  such  low  densities,  the  Coulomb  interaction,  which  localizes  electrons,  dominates  the  kinetic  energy.  Motivated  by  recent  experimental  progress  on  realizing  and  controlling  low  density  two-dimensional  electron  systems,  this  thesis  considers  various  fundamental  properties  of  the  WC  phase  and  modifications  and  extensions  of  the  traditional  WC  phase.In  the  first  project,  we  consider  the  fate  of  the  WC  state  in  a  two-dimensional  system  of  massive  Dirac  electrons  as  the  effective  fine  structure  constantα  is  increased.  In  a  Dirac  system,  larger  α  naively  corresponds  to  stronger  electron-electron  interactions,  but  it  also  implies  a  stronger  interband  dielectric  response  that  effectively  renormalizes  the  electron  charge.  We  calculate  the  critical  density  and  critical  temperature  associated  with  the  quantum  and  thermal  melting  of  the  WC  state  using  two  independent  approaches.  We  show  that  at  α  ≫  1,  the  WC  state  is  best  understood  in  terms  of  logarithmically-interacting  electrons  and  that  both  the  critical  density  and  the  melting  temperature  approach  a  universal,  α-independent  value.  We  discuss  our  results  in  the  context  of  recent  experiments  in  twisted  bilayer  graphene  near  the  magic  angle.In  the  second  project  we  focus  on  WC  state  formed  in  Bernal  bilayer  graphene  (BBG)  under  the  application  of  a  perpendicular  displacement  field.  Here,  the  applied  perpendicular  electric  field  flattens  the  bottom  of  the  conduction  band,  thereby  facilitating  the  formation  of  strongly  correlated  states.  Initially,  we  consider  a  model  of  BBG  without  trigonal  warping  and  theoretically  demonstrate  that  the  Berry  curvature  introduces  a  novel  type  of  WC  state.  In  this  state,  electrons  develop  a  spontaneous  orbital  magnetization  once  the  displacement  field  surpasses  a  critical  threshold.  Next,  we  consider  the  impact  of  trigonal  warping  in  BBG  and  reveal  that  it  results  in  an  unusual  "doubly  re-entrant"  behavior  of  the  WC  phase  as  a  function  of  density.  The  rotational  symmetry  breaking  associated  with  trigonal  warping  leads  to  a  complex  "minivalley  order"  in  the  WC  state,  which  shifts  abruptly  at  a  critical  displacement  field  value.  In  both  scenarios,  we  estimate  the  phase  boundary  of  the  WC  state  concerning  density,  displacement  field,  and  temperature.In  two-dimensional  electronic  systems,  a  direct  first-order  phase  transitions  (for  example  the  melting  of  WC  to  Fermi  liquid  state)  are  prohibited  as  a  consequence  of  the  long-range  Coulomb  interaction,  which  implies  a  stiff  energetic  penalty  for  macroscopic  phase  separation.  A  prominent  proposal  is  that  any  direct  first-order  transition  is  instead  replaced  by  a  sequence  of  "microemulsion"  phases,  in  which  the  two  phases  are  mixed  in  patterns  of  mesoscopic  domains.  In  the  third  project,  we  comment  on  the  range  Δn  of  average  electron  density  that  such  microemulsion  phases  may  occupy.  We  point  out  that,  even  without  knowing  the  value  of  a  phenomenological  parameter  associated  with  surface  tension  between  the  two  phases,  one  can  place  a  fairly  strong  upper  bound  on  the  value  of  Δn.  We  make  numerical  estimates  for  Δn  in  the  case  of  the  Fermi  liquid  to  Wigner  crystal  transition  and  find  Δn  to  be  on  the  order  of  107  cm-2.  This  value  is  much  smaller  than  the  width  of  the  phase  transition  observed  in  experiments,  suggesting  that  disorder  is  a  more  likely  explanation  for  the  apparent  broadening  of  the  transition.  Our  results  also  contributed  to  a  collaborative  effort  with  Andrea  Young's  experimental  group  at  the  University  of  California,  Santa  Barbara,  which  explored  the  transition  between  stripe  and  bubble  phases  of  graphene  electrons  in  higher  Landau  levels.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0168.
■650  4▼aPhysics
■650  4▼aApplied  physics
■650  4▼aQuantum  physics
■653    ▼aWigner  crystal
■653    ▼aTwo-dimensional  electron  system
■653    ▼aCoulomb  interaction
■653    ▼aPhase  transition
■690    ▼a0605
■690    ▼a0599
■690    ▼a0215
■71020▼aThe  Ohio  State  University▼bPhysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-06B.
■790    ▼a0168
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17165180▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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