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Microbial Controls on Globally Significant Methane Cycling in Wetlands and Forests
Microbial Controls on Globally Significant Methane Cycling in Wetlands and Forests
Microbial Controls on Globally Significant Methane Cycling in Wetlands and Forests

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151012
ISBN  
9798383482124
DDC  
551
저자명  
Arnold, Wyatt.
서명/저자  
Microbial Controls on Globally Significant Methane Cycling in Wetlands and Forests
발행사항  
[Sl] : Yale University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
182 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Peccia, Jordan.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Methane (CH4), like carbon dioxide (CO2), is a potent greenhouse gas that has played a critical role in the warming of the planet. Yet unlike CO2, virtually all of the methane emitted into the atmosphere is the product of biological activity. Specifically, it is the metabolic byproduct of a group of archaea that are collectively referred to as methanogens. These methanogens thrive in a diversity of habitats-from landfills, to ruminant guts, to the wood of trees-and excel at converting carbon into methane. Their vast presence and activity in natural environments, like wetlands and inland waters, accounts for more than half of all globally emitted methane. Although this production is inherently natural, it is feared that climate change may inadvertently enhance methanogenesis on a global scale, as warming temperatures could not only increase the rate of methane production from existing sources, but also transform vast swaths of land into new habitat favorable for methanogen growth. If realized, this process could further accelerate the emission of methane to the atmosphere, which in-turn would further advance the pace at which the planet warms. To avoid this runaway scenario, we may need to consider possible engineered controls to reasonably constrain the emission of methane from natural environments. As any geoengineering effort can pose significant risks, it stands to reason that the sources displaying the highest, or fastest growing, emission rates should be targeted first for intervention. Yet despite decades of research into the emission of methane from biogenic sources, much remains unresolved, evidenced by the fact that gaps of 100-200 Tg CH4 yr-1 still persist in global emissions models. To that end, the goal of this research was to improve our understanding of the drivers, controls, and variability of methane emissions from wetlands (the largest natural source) and trees (a ubiquitous, but poorly resolved source).To explain dramatic, localized spatial variance of methane fluxes from the surface of a wetland, we leveraged depth-stratified amplicon sequencing and gene abundance measurements of methanogenesis and methanotrophy. Our results showed that the majority (75%) of flux variance was attributable to shifts in methanogen abundance (at depths ≥15 cm), which, in-turn, was strongly modulated by underlying peat depth. When accounting for the variance due to sampling and refusal depth, community composition also proved to be significantly associated with methane flux. These findings suggest that microbial factors likely underlie localized variance in wetland CH4 flux, and that a greater reliance on biological predictors could transform our ability to understand and model wetland methane fluxes at finer scales than is currently possible.To explore the origin of methane fluxes observed from the trunk of living trees, we first developed a method for high-throughput sampling of microbial communities within wood and determined a limit-of-detection of approximately 500 cells per 100 mg of (dry) wood. We then employed this method to survey the microbial communities, including methane cycling taxa, within the wood of over 150 living trees across 16 different species. We found a diverse and distinct microbial community within the wood of these trees, with different niches of specialization dominating in heartwood and sapwood, and observed that these woodborne microbiomes vary significantly across tree species. Moreover, in over 90% of trees sampled, we observed the presence of methanogenic archaea, suggesting that internal production of methane likely plays a foremost role in the emission of methane from tree stems.Overall, this work demonstrates that improving our means to monitor the abundance, activity, and diversity of methane cycling communities in natural environments offers us a promising pathway to improve our understanding of biogenic methane emissions, which may aid in future efforts to better model and constrain these fluxes.
일반주제명  
Biogeochemistry
키워드  
Gene expression
키워드  
Methane
키워드  
Microbiome
키워드  
Trees
키워드  
Wetlands
기타저자  
Yale University Chemical and Environmental Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Yale  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aMethane  (CH4),  like  carbon  dioxide  (CO2),  is  a  potent  greenhouse  gas  that  has  played  a  critical  role  in  the  warming  of  the  planet.  Yet  unlike  CO2,  virtually  all  of  the  methane  emitted  into  the  atmosphere  is  the  product  of  biological  activity.  Specifically,  it  is  the  metabolic  byproduct  of  a  group  of  archaea  that  are  collectively  referred  to  as  methanogens.  These  methanogens  thrive  in  a  diversity  of  habitats-from  landfills,  to  ruminant  guts,  to  the  wood  of  trees-and  excel  at  converting  carbon  into  methane.  Their  vast  presence  and  activity  in  natural  environments,  like  wetlands  and  inland  waters,  accounts  for  more  than  half  of  all  globally  emitted  methane.  Although  this  production  is  inherently  natural,  it  is  feared  that  climate  change  may  inadvertently  enhance  methanogenesis  on  a  global  scale,  as  warming  temperatures  could  not  only  increase  the  rate  of  methane  production  from  existing  sources,  but  also  transform  vast  swaths  of  land  into  new  habitat  favorable  for  methanogen  growth.  If  realized,  this  process  could  further  accelerate  the  emission  of  methane  to  the  atmosphere,  which  in-turn  would  further  advance  the  pace  at  which  the  planet  warms.  To  avoid  this  runaway  scenario,  we  may  need  to  consider  possible  engineered  controls  to  reasonably  constrain  the  emission  of  methane  from  natural  environments.  As  any  geoengineering  effort  can  pose  significant  risks,  it  stands  to  reason  that  the  sources  displaying  the  highest,  or  fastest  growing,  emission  rates  should  be  targeted  first  for  intervention.  Yet  despite  decades  of  research  into  the  emission  of  methane  from  biogenic  sources,  much  remains  unresolved,  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  gaps  of  100-200  Tg  CH4  yr-1  still  persist  in  global  emissions  models.  To  that  end,  the  goal  of  this  research  was  to  improve  our  understanding  of  the  drivers,  controls,  and  variability  of  methane  emissions  from  wetlands  (the  largest  natural  source)  and  trees  (a  ubiquitous,  but  poorly  resolved  source).To  explain  dramatic,  localized  spatial  variance  of  methane  fluxes  from  the  surface  of  a  wetland,  we  leveraged  depth-stratified  amplicon  sequencing  and  gene  abundance  measurements  of  methanogenesis  and  methanotrophy.  Our  results  showed  that  the  majority  (75%)  of  flux  variance  was  attributable  to  shifts  in  methanogen  abundance  (at  depths  ≥15  cm),  which,  in-turn,  was  strongly  modulated  by  underlying  peat  depth.  When  accounting  for  the  variance  due  to  sampling  and  refusal  depth,  community  composition  also  proved  to  be  significantly  associated  with  methane  flux.  These  findings  suggest  that  microbial  factors  likely  underlie  localized  variance  in  wetland  CH4  flux,  and  that  a  greater  reliance  on  biological  predictors  could  transform  our  ability  to  understand  and  model  wetland  methane  fluxes  at  finer  scales  than  is  currently  possible.To  explore  the  origin  of  methane  fluxes  observed  from  the  trunk  of  living  trees,  we  first  developed  a  method  for  high-throughput  sampling  of  microbial  communities  within  wood  and  determined  a  limit-of-detection  of  approximately  500  cells  per  100  mg  of  (dry)  wood.  We  then  employed  this  method  to  survey  the  microbial  communities,  including  methane  cycling  taxa,  within  the  wood  of  over  150  living  trees  across  16  different  species.  We  found  a  diverse  and  distinct  microbial  community  within  the  wood  of  these  trees,  with  different  niches  of  specialization  dominating  in  heartwood  and  sapwood,  and  observed  that  these  woodborne  microbiomes  vary  significantly  across  tree  species.  Moreover,  in  over  90%  of  trees  sampled,  we  observed  the  presence  of  methanogenic  archaea,  suggesting  that  internal  production  of  methane  likely  plays  a  foremost  role  in  the  emission  of  methane  from  tree  stems.Overall,  this  work  demonstrates  that  improving  our  means  to  monitor  the  abundance,  activity,  and  diversity  of  methane  cycling  communities  in  natural  environments  offers  us  a  promising  pathway  to  improve  our  understanding  of  biogenic  methane  emissions,  which  may  aid  in  future  efforts  to  better  model  and  constrain  these  fluxes.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0265.
■650  4▼aBiogeochemistry
■653    ▼aGene  expression
■653    ▼aMethane
■653    ▼aMicrobiome
■653    ▼aTrees
■653    ▼aWetlands
■690    ▼a0425
■71020▼aYale  University▼bChemical  and  Environmental  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-01B.
■790    ▼a0265
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160406▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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