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Essays on Climate Adaptation
Essays on Climate Adaptation
Essays on Climate Adaptation

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151019
ISBN  
9798383161111
DDC  
363
저자명  
Danza, Facundo.
서명/저자  
Essays on Climate Adaptation
발행사항  
[Sl] : New York University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
185 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Waldinger, Daniel.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약My dissertation contributes to the understanding of how economic agents adapt to weather variability and water scarcity and policies to mitigate the environmental impact of water and energy use. It is structured into three chapters, each focusing on different aspects of the issue: the first chapter focuses on the optimal use of groundwater in the agricultural sector; the second chapter analyzes the effect that weather shocks have on international migration; and the last chapter explores the effect of small-scale green energy production on electricity demand.In Chapter 1, I study the use of groundwater in the US agricultural sector. The agricultural sector is the primary water consumer in the US and groundwater is one of its main sources. Groundwater use presents a common pool problem: if a farmer pumps groundwater, she decreases the aquifer's water table and thus increases the cost of pumping for farmers in the same aquifer. In this chapter, I leverage detailed farmer-level data on (ground)water use, crop choices, and crop yields to study the equilibrium implications of the current groundwater costs. I focus on the Ogallala Aquifer in Nebraska. In order to estimate the effect of water costs on water use and crop choices, I combine a crop-growth model with an economic model. I use the crop-growth model to recover the precise relation between water use and crop yields. I use the economic model to estimate the marginal cost of water for farmers. I then quantify how farmers respond to water costs by switching which crop they plant or changing the water use per planted crop. I find that farmers are inelastic to water costs: a 10% increase in the water cost would decrease water use by 3%. Moreover, I find that farmers adapt to higher water costs by both reducing the water use per planted crop and fallowing the land. Lastly, I utilize my estimates to compute the optimal and sustainable tax on groundwater use.In Chapter 2, joint work with Eungik Lee, we study the effect of weather shocks on legal and illegal migration from rural Mexico to the US. First, we find that shocks in the wet season on precipitation and temperature increase migration. The increment is entirely driven by illegal migrants. Second, we propose a mechanism to explain this result: the effect of weather on agricultural production. We find that shocks in precipitation and temperature decrease total harvested land and corn production. Third, we show that young and unwealthy workers are more sensitive to weather shocks. Lastly, we use climate projections to have a first glance at the impact that climate change will have on migration. We find that a shift in the size of climate change would double the number of illegal migrants.In Chapter 3, joint work with Natalia D'Agosti, we study the green-electricity microgeneration in Uruguay. Since 2010, the Uruguayan government has fostered the installation of solar panels among households and firms to promote small-scale renewable electricity production. Under this policy, agents with solar panels are allowed to feed any electricity surplus into the grid. We study the economic and environmental consequences of this policy. We collect a novel dataset on electricity extraction and injection into the grid at a household-firm level for the whole country. First, we find that installing a solar panel reduces the electricity extracted from the grid. Second, we find that it increases the electricity injected into the grid. Third, we find that it reduces CO2 emissions between 0.35 and 0.03 kg per month and agent. Fourth, we find evidence of a rebound effect: electricity consumption after the solar panel installation increases between 20% and 26%, on average. Lastly, we propose an alternative policy that allows agents to store their electricity surplus in batteries instead of immediately injecting it into the grid. According to our model, the best time to inject electricity into the grid is around 9 PM, when fossil-fuel facilities satisfy most of the electricity demand.
일반주제명  
Climate change
키워드  
Agricultural production
키워드  
Climate variability
키워드  
Energy transition
키워드  
International migration
키워드  
Water scarcity
기타저자  
New York University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

 008250123s2024        us                              c    eng  d
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■006m          o    d                
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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30996337
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a363
■1001  ▼aDanza,  Facundo.
■24510▼aEssays  on  Climate  Adaptation
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNew  York  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a185  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Waldinger,  Daniel.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--New  York  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aMy  dissertation  contributes  to  the  understanding  of  how  economic  agents  adapt  to  weather  variability  and  water  scarcity  and  policies  to  mitigate  the  environmental  impact  of  water  and  energy  use.  It  is  structured  into  three  chapters,  each  focusing  on  different  aspects  of  the  issue:  the  first  chapter  focuses  on  the  optimal  use  of  groundwater  in  the  agricultural  sector;  the  second  chapter  analyzes  the  effect  that  weather  shocks  have  on  international  migration;  and  the  last  chapter  explores  the  effect  of  small-scale  green  energy  production  on  electricity  demand.In  Chapter  1,  I  study  the  use  of  groundwater  in  the  US  agricultural  sector.  The  agricultural  sector  is  the  primary  water  consumer  in  the  US  and  groundwater  is  one  of  its  main  sources.  Groundwater  use  presents  a  common  pool  problem:  if  a  farmer  pumps  groundwater,  she  decreases  the  aquifer's  water  table  and  thus  increases  the  cost  of  pumping  for  farmers  in  the  same  aquifer.  In  this  chapter,  I  leverage  detailed  farmer-level  data  on  (ground)water  use,  crop  choices,  and  crop  yields  to  study  the  equilibrium  implications  of  the  current  groundwater  costs.  I  focus  on  the  Ogallala  Aquifer  in  Nebraska.  In  order  to  estimate  the  effect  of  water  costs  on  water  use  and  crop  choices,  I  combine  a  crop-growth  model  with  an  economic  model.  I  use  the  crop-growth  model  to  recover  the  precise  relation  between  water  use  and  crop  yields.  I  use  the  economic  model  to  estimate  the  marginal  cost  of  water  for  farmers.  I  then  quantify  how  farmers  respond  to  water  costs  by  switching  which  crop  they  plant  or  changing  the  water  use  per  planted  crop.  I  find  that  farmers  are  inelastic  to  water  costs:  a  10%  increase  in  the  water  cost  would  decrease  water  use  by  3%.  Moreover,  I  find  that  farmers  adapt  to  higher  water  costs  by  both  reducing  the  water  use  per  planted  crop  and  fallowing  the  land.  Lastly,  I  utilize  my  estimates  to  compute  the  optimal  and  sustainable  tax  on  groundwater  use.In  Chapter  2,  joint  work  with  Eungik  Lee,  we  study  the  effect  of  weather  shocks  on  legal  and  illegal  migration  from  rural  Mexico  to  the  US.  First,  we  find  that  shocks  in  the  wet  season  on  precipitation  and  temperature  increase  migration.  The  increment  is  entirely  driven  by  illegal  migrants.  Second,  we  propose  a  mechanism  to  explain  this  result:  the  effect  of  weather  on  agricultural  production.  We  find  that  shocks  in  precipitation  and  temperature  decrease  total  harvested  land  and  corn  production.  Third,  we  show  that  young  and  unwealthy  workers  are  more  sensitive  to  weather  shocks.  Lastly,  we  use  climate  projections  to  have  a  first  glance  at  the  impact  that  climate  change  will  have  on  migration.  We  find  that  a  shift  in  the  size  of  climate  change  would  double  the  number  of  illegal  migrants.In  Chapter  3,  joint  work  with  Natalia  D'Agosti,  we  study  the  green-electricity  microgeneration  in  Uruguay.  Since  2010,  the  Uruguayan  government  has  fostered  the  installation  of  solar  panels  among  households  and  firms  to  promote  small-scale  renewable  electricity  production.  Under  this  policy,  agents  with  solar  panels  are  allowed  to  feed  any  electricity  surplus  into  the  grid.  We  study  the  economic  and  environmental  consequences  of  this  policy.  We  collect  a  novel  dataset  on  electricity  extraction  and  injection  into  the  grid  at  a  household-firm  level  for  the  whole  country.  First,  we  find  that  installing  a  solar  panel  reduces  the  electricity  extracted  from  the  grid.  Second,  we  find  that  it  increases  the  electricity  injected  into  the  grid.  Third,  we  find  that  it  reduces  CO2  emissions  between  0.35  and  0.03  kg  per  month  and  agent.  Fourth,  we  find  evidence  of  a  rebound  effect:  electricity  consumption  after  the  solar  panel  installation  increases  between  20%  and  26%,  on  average.  Lastly,  we  propose  an  alternative  policy  that  allows  agents  to  store  their  electricity  surplus  in  batteries  instead  of  immediately  injecting  it  into  the  grid.  According  to  our  model,  the  best  time  to  inject  electricity  into  the  grid  is  around  9  PM,  when  fossil-fuel  facilities  satisfy  most  of  the  electricity  demand.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0146.
■650  4▼aClimate  change
■653    ▼aAgricultural  production
■653    ▼aClimate  variability
■653    ▼aEnergy  transition
■653    ▼aInternational  migration
■653    ▼aWater  scarcity
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0438
■690    ▼a0404
■71020▼aNew  York  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0146
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160436▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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