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Effects of Internal Migration, Trade Liberalization, and Place-Based Tax Policies on Inequalities in Vietnam
Effects of Internal Migration, Trade Liberalization, and Place-Based Tax Policies on Inequ...
Effects of Internal Migration, Trade Liberalization, and Place-Based Tax Policies on Inequalities in Vietnam

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151021
ISBN  
9798383565742
DDC  
320
저자명  
Huynh, Nghiem Quang.
서명/저자  
Effects of Internal Migration, Trade Liberalization, and Place-Based Tax Policies on Inequalities in Vietnam
발행사항  
[Sl] : Yale University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
132 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Kortum, Samuel Spires.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Spatial inequality and demographic imbalances are pressing concerns in many developing countries, as they can hinder economic growth, social stability, and overall well-being. This dissertation examines the effects of policy interventions on spatial inequality and demographic outcomes in the unique context of Vietnam. The first chapter quantifies the impact of place-based tax incentives and eased migration barriers on spatial inequality, while the second chapter investigates the relationship between trade liberalization and the elevated sex ratio at birth (SRB).In the first chapter, I develop a dynamic general equilibrium model that allows for rich interactions between place-based and migration policies, government services, and people's responses. The model incorporates the potential trade-off between attracting firms through place-based tax incentives and the cost to the government budget, as revenue depends on both the number of firms and tax rates. Furthermore, reducing migration barriers to cities can lead to an influx of workers and firms due to agglomeration forces, which may exacerbate inequality. However, this influx can also congest public services like hospitals and schools which both workers and firms value. Consequently, the effects of place-based policies and easing migration barriers on regional inequality are ambiguous, necessitating a quantitative analysis in the specific context of Vietnam.To quantify these effects, I use detailed micro-level data and novel identification strategies that integrate reduced-form equations with quasi-experimental methods. By exploiting actual policy changes in difference-in-differences frameworks, I identify the firm entry elasticity and changes in migration costs. My analysis yields three key findings: (1) place-based tax incentives effectively reduce spatial inequality by attracting firms without substantially compromising public services; (2) easing migration barriers to developed areas reduces inequality but also lowers welfare in these cities; and (3) combining tax incentives in underdeveloped regions with lower migration barriers to developed areas is more effective at reducing spatial inequality than implementing either policy in isolation.The second chapter connects Vietnam's elevated sex ratio at birth to the 2001 US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA). I develop a quantity-quality model to consider the impact of trade shocks on SRB through three distinct channels: income, relative returns, and fertility. Using household data and a difference-in-difference design, I compare outcomes for parents who experienced different tariff shocks before and after the BTA enactment. The results support the model predictions, with the strongest evidence favoring the fertility channel. Mothers exposed to greater tariff reductions experience an increase in male infants, a decrease in their likelihood of giving birth, and an increase in work hours.Overall, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of the effects of policy interventions on spatial inequality and demographic outcomes, providing tools and insights for policymakers seeking to address these issues. The findings highlight the importance of considering the dynamic decisions of entrepreneurs, congestion, public service provision, and occupational choices when assessing the impact of place-based incentives and migration policies on spatial inequality. Furthermore, the study reveals the unexpected demographic consequences of trade liberalization, emphasizing the interplay between economic forces and cultural factors in shaping fertility and sex-selective decisions.
일반주제명  
Public policy
일반주제명  
Demography
키워드  
Inequality
키워드  
Migration barriers
키워드  
Place-based policy
키워드  
Vietnam
기타저자  
Yale University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-02A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aHuynh,  Nghiem  Quang.
■24510▼aEffects  of  Internal  Migration,  Trade  Liberalization,  and  Place-Based  Tax  Policies  on  Inequalities  in  Vietnam
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bYale  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a132  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-02,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Kortum,  Samuel  Spires.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Yale  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aSpatial  inequality  and  demographic  imbalances  are  pressing  concerns  in  many  developing  countries,  as  they  can  hinder  economic  growth,  social  stability,  and  overall  well-being.  This  dissertation  examines  the  effects  of  policy  interventions  on  spatial  inequality  and  demographic  outcomes  in  the  unique  context  of  Vietnam.  The  first  chapter  quantifies  the  impact  of  place-based  tax  incentives  and  eased  migration  barriers  on  spatial  inequality,  while  the  second  chapter  investigates  the  relationship  between  trade  liberalization  and  the  elevated  sex  ratio  at  birth  (SRB).In  the  first  chapter,  I  develop  a  dynamic  general  equilibrium  model  that  allows  for  rich  interactions  between  place-based  and  migration  policies,  government  services,  and  people's  responses.  The  model  incorporates  the  potential  trade-off  between  attracting  firms  through  place-based  tax  incentives  and  the  cost  to  the  government  budget,  as  revenue  depends  on  both  the  number  of  firms  and  tax  rates.  Furthermore,  reducing  migration  barriers  to  cities  can  lead  to  an  influx  of  workers  and  firms  due  to  agglomeration  forces,  which  may  exacerbate  inequality.  However,  this  influx  can  also  congest  public  services  like  hospitals  and  schools  which  both  workers  and  firms  value.  Consequently,  the  effects  of  place-based  policies  and  easing  migration  barriers  on  regional  inequality  are  ambiguous,  necessitating  a  quantitative  analysis  in  the  specific  context  of  Vietnam.To  quantify  these  effects,  I  use  detailed  micro-level  data  and  novel  identification  strategies  that  integrate  reduced-form  equations  with  quasi-experimental  methods.  By  exploiting  actual  policy  changes  in  difference-in-differences  frameworks,  I  identify  the  firm  entry  elasticity  and  changes  in  migration  costs.  My  analysis  yields  three  key  findings:  (1)  place-based  tax  incentives  effectively  reduce  spatial  inequality  by  attracting  firms  without  substantially  compromising  public  services;  (2)  easing  migration  barriers  to  developed  areas  reduces  inequality  but  also  lowers  welfare  in  these  cities;  and  (3)  combining  tax  incentives  in  underdeveloped  regions  with  lower  migration  barriers  to  developed  areas  is  more  effective  at  reducing  spatial  inequality  than  implementing  either  policy  in  isolation.The  second  chapter  connects  Vietnam's  elevated  sex  ratio  at  birth  to  the  2001  US-Vietnam  Bilateral  Trade  Agreement  (BTA).  I  develop  a  quantity-quality  model  to  consider  the  impact  of  trade  shocks  on  SRB  through  three  distinct  channels:  income,  relative  returns,  and  fertility.  Using  household  data  and  a  difference-in-difference  design,  I  compare  outcomes  for  parents  who  experienced  different  tariff  shocks  before  and  after  the  BTA  enactment.  The  results  support  the  model  predictions,  with  the  strongest  evidence  favoring  the  fertility  channel.  Mothers  exposed  to  greater  tariff  reductions  experience  an  increase  in  male  infants,  a  decrease  in  their  likelihood  of  giving  birth,  and  an  increase  in  work  hours.Overall,  this  dissertation  contributes  to  our  understanding  of  the  effects  of  policy  interventions  on  spatial  inequality  and  demographic  outcomes,  providing  tools  and  insights  for  policymakers  seeking  to  address  these  issues.  The  findings  highlight  the  importance  of  considering  the  dynamic  decisions  of  entrepreneurs,  congestion,  public  service  provision,  and  occupational  choices  when  assessing  the  impact  of  place-based  incentives  and  migration  policies  on  spatial  inequality.  Furthermore,  the  study  reveals  the  unexpected  demographic  consequences  of  trade  liberalization,  emphasizing  the  interplay  between  economic  forces  and  cultural  factors  in  shaping  fertility  and  sex-selective  decisions.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0265.
■650  4▼aPublic  policy
■650  4▼aDemography
■653    ▼aInequality
■653    ▼aMigration  barriers
■653    ▼aPlace-based  policy
■653    ▼aVietnam
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0630
■690    ▼a0938
■690    ▼a0601
■71020▼aYale  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-02A.
■790    ▼a0265
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160448▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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