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Inducible CRISPR-Targeted 'Knockdown' of Human Gut Bacteroides in Mice Reveals Glycan Utilization Strategies
Inducible CRISPR-Targeted 'Knockdown' of Human Gut Bacteroides in Mice Reveals Glycan Util...
Inducible CRISPR-Targeted 'Knockdown' of Human Gut Bacteroides in Mice Reveals Glycan Utilization Strategies

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151422
ISBN  
9798382579863
DDC  
576
저자명  
Beller, Zachary Walter.
서명/저자  
Inducible CRISPR-Targeted Knockdown of Human Gut Bacteroides in Mice Reveals Glycan Utilization Strategies
발행사항  
[Sl] : Washington University in St Louis, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
241 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Includes supplementary digital materials.
주기사항  
Advisor: Gordon, Jeffrey I.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Learning how members of the human gut microbiota compete and cooperate for dietary nutrients, such as fiber-associated glycans, should help facilitate development of more precise nutritional recommendations for improving health. To model how bacteria prioritize the utilization of different fiber glycans in the mammalian gut, germ-free mice were colonized with a 13-member consortium of cultured, genome-sequenced human bacterial strains, including seven Bacteroides species. Animals were fed a Western diet supplemented with pea fiber. Once the consortium had time to assemble, an inducible CRISPR-based system was used to deplete the absolute abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron or B. cellulosilyticus by 10- to 60-fold. Each type of knockdown resulted in specific, reproducible increases in the absolute abundances of other Bacteroides, with accompanying changes in their glycan prioritization, most notably involving changes in the expression of their polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). The emergence of these 'alternate consumers' was associated with preservation of the community's capacity to metabolize fiber glycans, as judged by measurements of degradation of polysaccharides covalently attached to orally administered artificial food particles, and of monosaccharides and glycosidic linkages remaining in cecal contents. Finally, using a Cas9-PmCDA1 base editing system, we disrupted translation of transporters critical for utilizing abundant dietary polysaccharides in Bacteroides vulgatus, a B. cellulosilyticus knockdown-responsive taxon, to further characterize mechanisms associated with its increased fitness following knockdown. Using this approach to define how nutrient resource utilization is prioritized among community members could help delineate the origins of robustness and resiliency in the microbiota, as well as aid in the design of microbiota-directed therapeutics.
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Developmental biology
키워드  
Gnotobiotic mice
키워드  
Human gut microbiome
키워드  
Interbacterial interactions
키워드  
Polysaccharide utilization
기타저자  
Washington University in St. Louis Biology & Biomedical Sciences (Computational & Systems Biology)
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aBeller,  Zachary  Walter.▼0(orcid)0000-0003-3965-9147
■24510▼aInducible  CRISPR-Targeted  'Knockdown'  of  Human  Gut  Bacteroides  in  Mice  Reveals  Glycan  Utilization  Strategies
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bWashington  University  in  St  Louis▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a241  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aIncludes  supplementary  digital  materials.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Gordon,  Jeffrey  I.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Washington  University  in  St.  Louis,  2024.
■520    ▼aLearning  how  members  of  the  human  gut  microbiota  compete  and  cooperate  for  dietary  nutrients,  such  as  fiber-associated  glycans,  should  help  facilitate  development  of  more  precise  nutritional  recommendations  for  improving  health.  To  model  how  bacteria  prioritize  the  utilization  of  different  fiber  glycans  in  the  mammalian  gut,  germ-free  mice  were  colonized  with  a  13-member  consortium  of  cultured,  genome-sequenced  human  bacterial  strains,  including  seven  Bacteroides  species.  Animals  were  fed  a  Western  diet  supplemented  with  pea  fiber.  Once  the  consortium  had  time  to  assemble,  an  inducible  CRISPR-based  system  was  used  to  deplete  the  absolute  abundance  of  Bacteroides  thetaiotaomicron  or  B.  cellulosilyticus  by  10-  to  60-fold.  Each  type  of  knockdown  resulted  in  specific,  reproducible  increases  in  the  absolute  abundances  of  other  Bacteroides,  with  accompanying  changes  in  their  glycan  prioritization,  most  notably  involving  changes  in  the  expression  of  their  polysaccharide  utilization  loci  (PULs).  The  emergence  of  these  'alternate  consumers'  was  associated  with  preservation  of  the  community's  capacity  to  metabolize  fiber  glycans,  as  judged  by  measurements  of  degradation  of  polysaccharides  covalently  attached  to  orally  administered  artificial  food  particles,  and  of  monosaccharides  and  glycosidic  linkages  remaining  in  cecal  contents.  Finally,  using  a  Cas9-PmCDA1  base  editing  system,  we  disrupted  translation  of  transporters  critical  for  utilizing  abundant  dietary  polysaccharides  in  Bacteroides  vulgatus,  a  B.  cellulosilyticus  knockdown-responsive  taxon,  to  further  characterize  mechanisms  associated  with  its  increased  fitness  following  knockdown.  Using  this  approach  to  define  how  nutrient  resource  utilization  is  prioritized  among  community  members  could  help  delineate  the  origins  of  robustness  and  resiliency  in  the  microbiota,  as  well  as  aid  in  the  design  of  microbiota-directed  therapeutics.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0252.
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aDevelopmental  biology
■653    ▼aGnotobiotic  mice
■653    ▼aHuman  gut  microbiome
■653    ▼aInterbacterial  interactions
■653    ▼aPolysaccharide  utilization
■690    ▼a0410
■690    ▼a0758
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aWashington  University  in  St.  Louis▼bBiology  &  Biomedical  Sciences  (Computational  &  Systems  Biology).
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-11B.
■790    ▼a0252
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161619▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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