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Probing the Impact of Biomolecular Condensates on RNAs With Single-Molecule Tracking In Vitro and In Cellulo
Probing the Impact of Biomolecular Condensates on RNAs With Single-Molecule Tracking In Vitro and In Cellulo
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211152951
- ISBN
- 9798384041764
- DDC
- 574
- 저자명
- Gao, Guoming.
- 서명/저자
- Probing the Impact of Biomolecular Condensates on RNAs With Single-Molecule Tracking In Vitro and In Cellulo
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Michigan, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 249 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Walter, Nils G.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Proteins and RNAs can form biomolecular condensates via phase separation, which is an emerging biophysical model for membraneless organelles within cells. However, a long-standing question in the field is whether the formation of condensates has any direct biological function. Given that the molecular movements in living cells are governed by diffusion, the biophysical basis for condensate functions, if any, will be the regulatory control over diffusion of biomolecules. Specifically, for a critical class of condensates termed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, their function in regulating RNA biology will be based on their impact on the diffusion of RNA molecules. Therefore, single-molecule tracking (SMT) that measures diffusion provides a unique biophysical perspective to probe the mechanisms that lay the foundation for any condensate function. In this dissertation, I used dual-color SMT both in vitro and in cellulo to dissect the intra-condensate RNA diffusion heterogeneity and RNA-condensate interaction kinetics, which advanced our understanding of how biomolecular condensates achieve function.First, I resolved a technical obstacle to allow accurate SMT relative to biomolecular condensates - how to choose an optimal boundary detection algorithm for specific condensates of interest. The boundary detection of condensates is critical because it can bias the measurement of single-molecule RNA-condensate interactions and intra-condensate diffusion, but no subjective comparison between algorithms commonly used in the field has been performed due to a lack of an absolute condensate boundary ground truth. Thus, I simulated condensate images based on physics models to serve as ground truth and benchmarked four commonly deployed boundary detection algorithms. The results provide a guideline to choose the optimal algorithm for condensates with a specific range of size and partition coefficient, laying the technical foundation for my subsequent work.Second, to address the question of how condensates impact RNA diffusion, I developed a multi-tether immobilization approach to allow SMT without the interference of condensate movements, and for the first time measured the diffusion of RNA molecules within a non-wetted, spherically shaped, reconstituted condensate. The condensate-forming protein I used is the model RNA-binding protein (RBP) Fused-in-Sarcoma (FUS), but unlike previous studies, I purified FUS in a full-length, tag-free form to mimic its native state in cells. I found that a significant fraction of RNA molecules undergoes confined diffusion rather than normal diffusion as previously expected for a homogeneous liquid phase within a single condensate. Furthermore, using super-resolution heat map reconstruction of SMT trajectories, I revealed slow-moving nanometer-scale regions, termed nanodomains, that confine diffusion at sub-condensate locations and studied their formation mechanism and potential biological implications.Third, to investigate the impact of condensates on RNA in cellulo, I used hyperosmotic phase separation (HOPS) condensates as a model system to probe whether a potentially RNA-containing HOPS condensate, formed by the component of an important RNA-processing enzyme - mRNA-decapping protein 1a (Dcp1a) - can interact with RNA molecules differently based on the type and the functional state of the RNA. Using both fixed-cell and live-cell single-molecule imaging, I found that Dcp1a HOPS condensates only interact marginally with RNA but have two distinct interaction modes with those RNA molecules, which are tuned by RBP-binding but not translation.Overall, this dissertation overcomes a major obstacle for RNA-condensate co-tracking and harnesses the power of single-molecule imaging to provide a molecular view of the basis for condensate functions in RNA biology.
- 일반주제명
- Cellular biology
- 일반주제명
- Biochemistry
- 일반주제명
- Biophysics
- 일반주제명
- Molecular biology
- 키워드
- Phase separation
- 기타저자
- University of Michigan Biophysics
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798384041764
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■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)umichrackham005661
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a574
■1001 ▼aGao, Guoming.
■24510▼aProbing the Impact of Biomolecular Condensates on RNAs With Single-Molecule Tracking In Vitro and In Cellulo
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Michigan▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a249 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Walter, Nils G.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
■520 ▼aProteins and RNAs can form biomolecular condensates via phase separation, which is an emerging biophysical model for membraneless organelles within cells. However, a long-standing question in the field is whether the formation of condensates has any direct biological function. Given that the molecular movements in living cells are governed by diffusion, the biophysical basis for condensate functions, if any, will be the regulatory control over diffusion of biomolecules. Specifically, for a critical class of condensates termed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, their function in regulating RNA biology will be based on their impact on the diffusion of RNA molecules. Therefore, single-molecule tracking (SMT) that measures diffusion provides a unique biophysical perspective to probe the mechanisms that lay the foundation for any condensate function. In this dissertation, I used dual-color SMT both in vitro and in cellulo to dissect the intra-condensate RNA diffusion heterogeneity and RNA-condensate interaction kinetics, which advanced our understanding of how biomolecular condensates achieve function.First, I resolved a technical obstacle to allow accurate SMT relative to biomolecular condensates - how to choose an optimal boundary detection algorithm for specific condensates of interest. The boundary detection of condensates is critical because it can bias the measurement of single-molecule RNA-condensate interactions and intra-condensate diffusion, but no subjective comparison between algorithms commonly used in the field has been performed due to a lack of an absolute condensate boundary ground truth. Thus, I simulated condensate images based on physics models to serve as ground truth and benchmarked four commonly deployed boundary detection algorithms. The results provide a guideline to choose the optimal algorithm for condensates with a specific range of size and partition coefficient, laying the technical foundation for my subsequent work.Second, to address the question of how condensates impact RNA diffusion, I developed a multi-tether immobilization approach to allow SMT without the interference of condensate movements, and for the first time measured the diffusion of RNA molecules within a non-wetted, spherically shaped, reconstituted condensate. The condensate-forming protein I used is the model RNA-binding protein (RBP) Fused-in-Sarcoma (FUS), but unlike previous studies, I purified FUS in a full-length, tag-free form to mimic its native state in cells. I found that a significant fraction of RNA molecules undergoes confined diffusion rather than normal diffusion as previously expected for a homogeneous liquid phase within a single condensate. Furthermore, using super-resolution heat map reconstruction of SMT trajectories, I revealed slow-moving nanometer-scale regions, termed nanodomains, that confine diffusion at sub-condensate locations and studied their formation mechanism and potential biological implications.Third, to investigate the impact of condensates on RNA in cellulo, I used hyperosmotic phase separation (HOPS) condensates as a model system to probe whether a potentially RNA-containing HOPS condensate, formed by the component of an important RNA-processing enzyme - mRNA-decapping protein 1a (Dcp1a) - can interact with RNA molecules differently based on the type and the functional state of the RNA. Using both fixed-cell and live-cell single-molecule imaging, I found that Dcp1a HOPS condensates only interact marginally with RNA but have two distinct interaction modes with those RNA molecules, which are tuned by RBP-binding but not translation.Overall, this dissertation overcomes a major obstacle for RNA-condensate co-tracking and harnesses the power of single-molecule imaging to provide a molecular view of the basis for condensate functions in RNA biology.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0127.
■650 4▼aCellular biology
■650 4▼aBiochemistry
■650 4▼aBiophysics
■650 4▼aMolecular biology
■653 ▼aPhase separation
■653 ▼aSingle molecule techniques
■653 ▼aMembraneless organelle
■653 ▼aFluorescence microscopy
■690 ▼a0786
■690 ▼a0379
■690 ▼a0487
■690 ▼a0307
■71020▼aUniversity of Michigan▼bBiophysics.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-03B.
■790 ▼a0127
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164349▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


