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Probing the Impact of Biomolecular Condensates on RNAs With Single-Molecule Tracking In Vitro and In Cellulo
Probing the Impact of Biomolecular Condensates on RNAs With Single-Molecule Tracking In Vi...
Probing the Impact of Biomolecular Condensates on RNAs With Single-Molecule Tracking In Vitro and In Cellulo

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152951
ISBN  
9798384041764
DDC  
574
저자명  
Gao, Guoming.
서명/저자  
Probing the Impact of Biomolecular Condensates on RNAs With Single-Molecule Tracking In Vitro and In Cellulo
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
249 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Walter, Nils G.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Proteins and RNAs can form biomolecular condensates via phase separation, which is an emerging biophysical model for membraneless organelles within cells. However, a long-standing question in the field is whether the formation of condensates has any direct biological function. Given that the molecular movements in living cells are governed by diffusion, the biophysical basis for condensate functions, if any, will be the regulatory control over diffusion of biomolecules. Specifically, for a critical class of condensates termed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, their function in regulating RNA biology will be based on their impact on the diffusion of RNA molecules. Therefore, single-molecule tracking (SMT) that measures diffusion provides a unique biophysical perspective to probe the mechanisms that lay the foundation for any condensate function. In this dissertation, I used dual-color SMT both in vitro and in cellulo to dissect the intra-condensate RNA diffusion heterogeneity and RNA-condensate interaction kinetics, which advanced our understanding of how biomolecular condensates achieve function.First, I resolved a technical obstacle to allow accurate SMT relative to biomolecular condensates - how to choose an optimal boundary detection algorithm for specific condensates of interest. The boundary detection of condensates is critical because it can bias the measurement of single-molecule RNA-condensate interactions and intra-condensate diffusion, but no subjective comparison between algorithms commonly used in the field has been performed due to a lack of an absolute condensate boundary ground truth. Thus, I simulated condensate images based on physics models to serve as ground truth and benchmarked four commonly deployed boundary detection algorithms. The results provide a guideline to choose the optimal algorithm for condensates with a specific range of size and partition coefficient, laying the technical foundation for my subsequent work.Second, to address the question of how condensates impact RNA diffusion, I developed a multi-tether immobilization approach to allow SMT without the interference of condensate movements, and for the first time measured the diffusion of RNA molecules within a non-wetted, spherically shaped, reconstituted condensate. The condensate-forming protein I used is the model RNA-binding protein (RBP) Fused-in-Sarcoma (FUS), but unlike previous studies, I purified FUS in a full-length, tag-free form to mimic its native state in cells. I found that a significant fraction of RNA molecules undergoes confined diffusion rather than normal diffusion as previously expected for a homogeneous liquid phase within a single condensate. Furthermore, using super-resolution heat map reconstruction of SMT trajectories, I revealed slow-moving nanometer-scale regions, termed nanodomains, that confine diffusion at sub-condensate locations and studied their formation mechanism and potential biological implications.Third, to investigate the impact of condensates on RNA in cellulo, I used hyperosmotic phase separation (HOPS) condensates as a model system to probe whether a potentially RNA-containing HOPS condensate, formed by the component of an important RNA-processing enzyme - mRNA-decapping protein 1a (Dcp1a) - can interact with RNA molecules differently based on the type and the functional state of the RNA. Using both fixed-cell and live-cell single-molecule imaging, I found that Dcp1a HOPS condensates only interact marginally with RNA but have two distinct interaction modes with those RNA molecules, which are tuned by RBP-binding but not translation.Overall, this dissertation overcomes a major obstacle for RNA-condensate co-tracking and harnesses the power of single-molecule imaging to provide a molecular view of the basis for condensate functions in RNA biology.
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Biophysics
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
키워드  
Phase separation
키워드  
Single molecule techniques
키워드  
Membraneless organelle
키워드  
Fluorescence microscopy
기타저자  
University of Michigan Biophysics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aGao,  Guoming.
■24510▼aProbing  the  Impact  of  Biomolecular  Condensates  on  RNAs  With  Single-Molecule  Tracking  In  Vitro  and  In  Cellulo
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a249  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Walter,  Nils  G.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2024.
■520    ▼aProteins  and  RNAs  can  form  biomolecular  condensates  via  phase  separation,  which  is  an  emerging  biophysical  model  for  membraneless  organelles  within  cells.  However,  a  long-standing  question  in  the  field  is  whether  the  formation  of  condensates  has  any  direct  biological  function.  Given  that  the  molecular  movements  in  living  cells  are  governed  by  diffusion,  the  biophysical  basis  for  condensate  functions,  if  any,  will  be  the  regulatory  control  over  diffusion  of  biomolecules.  Specifically,  for  a  critical  class  of  condensates  termed  ribonucleoprotein  (RNP)  granules,  their  function  in  regulating  RNA  biology  will  be  based  on  their  impact  on  the  diffusion  of  RNA  molecules.  Therefore,  single-molecule  tracking  (SMT)  that  measures  diffusion  provides  a  unique  biophysical  perspective  to  probe  the  mechanisms  that  lay  the  foundation  for  any  condensate  function.  In  this  dissertation,  I  used  dual-color  SMT  both  in  vitro  and  in  cellulo  to  dissect  the  intra-condensate  RNA  diffusion  heterogeneity  and  RNA-condensate  interaction  kinetics,  which  advanced  our  understanding  of  how  biomolecular  condensates  achieve  function.First,  I  resolved  a  technical  obstacle  to  allow  accurate  SMT  relative  to  biomolecular  condensates  -  how  to  choose  an  optimal  boundary  detection  algorithm  for  specific  condensates  of  interest.  The  boundary  detection  of  condensates  is  critical  because  it  can  bias  the  measurement  of  single-molecule  RNA-condensate  interactions  and  intra-condensate  diffusion,  but  no  subjective  comparison  between  algorithms  commonly  used  in  the  field  has  been  performed  due  to  a  lack  of  an  absolute  condensate  boundary  ground  truth.  Thus,  I  simulated  condensate  images  based  on  physics  models  to  serve  as  ground  truth  and  benchmarked  four  commonly  deployed  boundary  detection  algorithms.  The  results  provide  a  guideline  to  choose  the  optimal  algorithm  for  condensates  with  a  specific  range  of  size  and  partition  coefficient,  laying  the  technical  foundation  for  my  subsequent  work.Second,  to  address  the  question  of  how  condensates  impact  RNA  diffusion,  I  developed  a  multi-tether  immobilization  approach  to  allow  SMT  without  the  interference  of  condensate  movements,  and  for  the  first  time  measured  the  diffusion  of  RNA  molecules  within  a  non-wetted,  spherically  shaped,  reconstituted  condensate.  The  condensate-forming  protein  I  used  is  the  model  RNA-binding  protein  (RBP)  Fused-in-Sarcoma  (FUS),  but  unlike  previous  studies,  I  purified  FUS  in  a  full-length,  tag-free  form  to  mimic  its  native  state  in  cells.  I  found  that  a  significant  fraction  of  RNA  molecules  undergoes  confined  diffusion  rather  than  normal  diffusion  as  previously  expected  for  a  homogeneous  liquid  phase  within  a  single  condensate.  Furthermore,  using  super-resolution  heat  map  reconstruction  of  SMT  trajectories,  I  revealed  slow-moving  nanometer-scale  regions,  termed  nanodomains,  that  confine  diffusion  at  sub-condensate  locations  and  studied  their  formation  mechanism  and  potential  biological  implications.Third,  to  investigate  the  impact  of  condensates  on  RNA  in  cellulo,  I  used  hyperosmotic  phase  separation  (HOPS)  condensates  as  a  model  system  to  probe  whether  a  potentially  RNA-containing  HOPS  condensate,  formed  by  the  component  of  an  important  RNA-processing  enzyme  -  mRNA-decapping  protein  1a  (Dcp1a)  -  can  interact  with  RNA  molecules  differently  based  on  the  type  and  the  functional  state  of  the  RNA.  Using  both  fixed-cell  and  live-cell  single-molecule  imaging,  I  found  that  Dcp1a  HOPS  condensates  only  interact  marginally  with  RNA  but  have  two  distinct  interaction  modes  with  those  RNA  molecules,  which  are  tuned  by  RBP-binding  but  not  translation.Overall,  this  dissertation  overcomes  a  major  obstacle  for  RNA-condensate  co-tracking  and  harnesses  the  power  of  single-molecule  imaging  to  provide  a  molecular  view  of  the  basis  for  condensate  functions  in  RNA  biology.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aBiophysics
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■653    ▼aPhase  separation
■653    ▼aSingle  molecule  techniques
■653    ▼aMembraneless  organelle
■653    ▼aFluorescence  microscopy
■690    ▼a0786
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bBiophysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164349▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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