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Aseptic Machining of Live Bendable Osteochondral Allografts for Articular Surface Remodeling
Aseptic Machining of Live Bendable Osteochondral Allografts for Articular Surface Remodeli...
Aseptic Machining of Live Bendable Osteochondral Allografts for Articular Surface Remodeling

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151133
ISBN  
9798382320595
DDC  
610
저자명  
Spack, Katherine Anne Finney.
서명/저자  
Aseptic Machining of Live Bendable Osteochondral Allografts for Articular Surface Remodeling
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
168 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-10, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Ateshian, Gerard;Hung, Clark.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Young patients diagnosed with post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) face significant hurdles to restoring pain-free joint function. While surgical interventions exist for replacing damaged cartilage, few are able to offer complete replacement of the articular surface with a bearing material that maintains the longevity and mechanical properties of native articular cartilage necessary to prevent the need for costly and painful revision procedures. Osteochondral allograft technology has begun to address this need by allowing surgeons to resurface constrained small to medium articular defects with live tissue-bank-sourced cartilage tissue explants. A primary limitation surgeons face when choosing osteochondral allotransplantation to treat large articular surface deficits is the scarcity of high-quality live explant tissue with sufficient congruence to fully restore the biomechanical function in the affected joint. This dissertation asserts that augmentation of native tissues donated to tissue banks is a promising strategy for providing more physiologically appropriate tissue replacements for patients with PTOA, providing significant symptomatic relief and allowing young patients to delay or prevent invasive total joint arthroplasty treatments.This dissertation aims to improve treatment modalities for this patient population by developing a surgical technique that enables adaptive reshaping of the articular surface of donor osteochondral tissue explants. The driving hypothesis of this dissertation is that osteochondral allografts that conform better to the opposing articular surface result in better clinical outcomes than those with lesser congruence with the native joint. The corollary hypothesis is that better conformity may be achieved by providing some measure of bending flexibility to the allograft, using streamlined tissue processing procedures to cut grooves in the bony substrate. To address these needs, we first developed, implemented, and validated the technology for milling grooves on the back of large human and canine osteochondral allografts. This resulted in the development of a process for milling grooves in patellar osteochondral samples using a computer-numerically controlled 3-axis milling machine. Sample-specific spatial information was captured within machining fixtures to generate machining paths. The curvature of human and canine osteochondral allografts was captured using a laser scanning system to fit B-Spline surfaces and generate articular curvature maps for the modified allografts.We hypothesize that due to the surface modification enabled by the bending method, bendable osteochondral allografts may provide better curvature matching for patella transplants in the patellofemoral joint. We used a cadaveric knee joint model to investigate patellofemoral joint congruence for unbent and bendable osteochondral allografts at various flexion angles. Shell and bendable allografts were machined from donor human patellae and inserted into the patellofemoral joint space of five knee joints, creating 25 femur-patella osteochondral allograft pairings. Patellofemoral joints with either shell or bendable allografts were loaded at 15-degree increments from 15 to 90 degrees flexion, and the resultant patellofemoral joint contact area was measured and compared against the native patellofemoral contact areas. On average, no significant difference in contact area was found between native patellofemoral joints and OCAs or BOCAs, indicating that both types of allografts restored native congruence. This result aligned with prior computational models of the behavior of bendable and shell allografts in the patellofemoral joint. This finding suggests that future investigations of the benefits of BOCA for allografting other joints could be initiated using computational methods, as the results of the current study suggest that the computational predictions may remain valid under the right set of conditions.Clinical studies of outcomes of osteochondral tissue transplantation indicate that maintenance of donor chondrocyte viability is crucial for the long-term success of the transplanted tissue. In order to assure that CNC machined allografts maintained appropriate chondrocyte viability and tissue sterility, we created a sterile environment for CNC milling of fresh canine patellar osteochondral allografts and quantified allograft chondrocyte viability for up to two weeks post-milling. Following machining and extended culture, bending of the allografts produced neither fracture of the samples nor resulted in loss of chondrocyte viability when compared to non-grooved controls. Therefore, these results provide basic scientific support for the clinical use of bendable osteochondral allografts.Having developed a method of bendable allografts and verifying the tissue viability and sterility, in addition to simulating joint contact in the cadaveric model, we ran a study to assess the performance of bendable osteochondral allografts and shell allografts in the contralateral stifle joints of purpose-bred dogs. This animal model was used to measure the clinical outcomes of bendable osteochondral allografts transplantation following in-vivo loading. Functional clinical outcomes were collected, including force mat kinematics, lameness scoring, range of motion, and pain scoring. At the termination of the study, allograft tissue and synovial fluid from the joint were recovered to assess the sterility, chondrocyte viability, chondrocyte morphology, and bony integration of the allograft. The allografts showed no signs of infection or rejection, and the CNC-machined shell allografts performed well in the joint. Unfortunately, the grooves machined for the bendable allograft patellae were more appropriate in width for the human patella. The removal of excess bony tissue destabilized the bendable allografts and led to fractures and fissures in the tissue.Based on the fissuring and fragmentation mode of failure noted in the canine BOCAs, the size and number of the machined grooves must be optimized for preclinical testing so the potential advantages of bendable OCAs can be realized without compromising their integrity and osteointegration during healing. Bulk mechanical properties and failure thresholds dependent on the width of allograft grooves must be established to reduce the risk of post-transplantation failure. Ongoing work aims to establish safe geometrically-based machining criteria and determine load to-failure thresholds for osteochondral allografts to improve tissue integrity and functional viability post-transplantation. This aim will be addressed by loading canine bendable allografts with variable groove widths to assess the threshold for mechanical failure against simulated femoral trochlea. The aim of this study is to define allograft bulk mechanical properties and failure thresholds for producing bendable osteochondral allografts.The final chapter of this dissertation aims to assess the impact of sustained mechanical loading on the fluid exchange between the interfibrillar and extrafibrillar space in native articular cartilage, as the fluid load support in articular cartilage is crucial to the maintenance of the low coefficient of friction within the tissue. In our study, we developed a technique to measure water extruded from the interfibrillar space in articular cartilage by applying static compression to unconfined tissue. Preliminary results indicate that the loading and pressurization of the articular tissue can potentially make previously trapped interfibrillar water content more accessible.
일반주제명  
Biomedical engineering
일반주제명  
Mechanical engineering
일반주제명  
Physiology
키워드  
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis
키워드  
Pain-free joint function
키워드  
Articular surface remodeling
키워드  
Arthroplasty treatments
기타저자  
Columbia University Biomedical Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-10B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aSpack,  Katherine  Anne  Finney.
■24510▼aAseptic  Machining  of  Live  Bendable  Osteochondral  Allografts  for  Articular  Surface  Remodeling
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a168  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-10,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Ateshian,  Gerard;Hung,  Clark.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aYoung  patients  diagnosed  with  post-traumatic  osteoarthritis  (PTOA)  face  significant  hurdles  to  restoring  pain-free  joint  function.  While  surgical  interventions  exist  for  replacing  damaged  cartilage,  few  are  able  to  offer  complete  replacement  of  the  articular  surface  with  a  bearing  material  that  maintains  the  longevity  and  mechanical  properties  of  native  articular  cartilage  necessary  to  prevent  the  need  for  costly  and  painful  revision  procedures.  Osteochondral  allograft  technology  has  begun  to  address  this  need  by  allowing  surgeons  to  resurface  constrained  small  to  medium  articular  defects  with  live  tissue-bank-sourced  cartilage  tissue  explants.  A  primary  limitation  surgeons  face  when  choosing  osteochondral  allotransplantation  to  treat  large  articular  surface  deficits  is  the  scarcity  of  high-quality  live  explant  tissue  with  sufficient  congruence  to  fully  restore  the  biomechanical  function  in  the  affected  joint.  This  dissertation  asserts  that  augmentation  of  native  tissues  donated  to  tissue  banks  is  a  promising  strategy  for  providing  more  physiologically  appropriate  tissue  replacements  for  patients  with  PTOA,  providing  significant  symptomatic  relief  and  allowing  young  patients  to  delay  or  prevent  invasive  total  joint  arthroplasty  treatments.This  dissertation  aims  to  improve  treatment  modalities  for  this  patient  population  by  developing  a  surgical  technique  that  enables  adaptive  reshaping  of  the  articular  surface  of  donor  osteochondral  tissue  explants.  The  driving  hypothesis  of  this  dissertation  is  that  osteochondral  allografts  that  conform  better  to  the  opposing  articular  surface  result  in  better  clinical  outcomes  than  those  with  lesser  congruence  with  the  native  joint.  The  corollary  hypothesis  is  that  better  conformity  may  be  achieved  by  providing  some  measure  of  bending  flexibility  to  the  allograft,  using  streamlined  tissue  processing  procedures  to  cut  grooves  in  the  bony  substrate.  To  address  these  needs,  we  first  developed,  implemented,  and  validated  the  technology  for  milling  grooves  on  the  back  of  large  human  and  canine  osteochondral  allografts.  This  resulted  in  the  development  of  a  process  for  milling  grooves  in  patellar  osteochondral  samples  using  a  computer-numerically  controlled  3-axis  milling  machine.  Sample-specific  spatial  information  was  captured  within  machining  fixtures  to  generate  machining  paths.  The  curvature  of  human  and  canine  osteochondral  allografts  was  captured  using  a  laser  scanning  system  to  fit  B-Spline  surfaces  and  generate  articular  curvature  maps  for  the  modified  allografts.We  hypothesize  that  due  to  the  surface  modification  enabled  by  the  bending  method,  bendable  osteochondral  allografts  may  provide  better  curvature  matching  for  patella  transplants  in  the  patellofemoral  joint.  We  used  a  cadaveric  knee  joint  model  to  investigate  patellofemoral  joint  congruence  for  unbent  and  bendable  osteochondral  allografts  at  various  flexion  angles.  Shell  and  bendable  allografts  were  machined  from  donor  human  patellae  and  inserted  into  the  patellofemoral  joint  space  of  five  knee  joints,  creating  25  femur-patella  osteochondral  allograft  pairings.  Patellofemoral  joints  with  either  shell  or  bendable  allografts  were  loaded  at  15-degree  increments  from  15  to  90  degrees  flexion,  and  the  resultant  patellofemoral  joint  contact  area  was  measured  and  compared  against  the  native  patellofemoral  contact  areas.  On  average,  no  significant  difference  in  contact  area  was  found  between  native  patellofemoral  joints  and  OCAs  or  BOCAs,  indicating  that  both  types  of  allografts  restored  native  congruence.  This  result  aligned  with  prior  computational  models  of  the  behavior  of  bendable  and  shell  allografts  in  the  patellofemoral  joint.  This  finding  suggests  that  future  investigations  of  the  benefits  of  BOCA  for  allografting  other  joints  could  be  initiated  using  computational  methods,  as  the  results  of  the  current  study  suggest  that  the  computational  predictions  may  remain  valid  under  the  right  set  of  conditions.Clinical  studies  of  outcomes  of  osteochondral  tissue  transplantation  indicate  that  maintenance  of  donor  chondrocyte  viability  is  crucial  for  the  long-term  success  of  the  transplanted  tissue.  In  order  to  assure  that  CNC  machined  allografts  maintained  appropriate  chondrocyte  viability  and  tissue  sterility,  we  created  a  sterile  environment  for  CNC  milling  of  fresh  canine  patellar  osteochondral  allografts  and  quantified  allograft  chondrocyte  viability  for  up  to  two  weeks  post-milling.  Following  machining  and  extended  culture,  bending  of  the  allografts  produced  neither  fracture  of  the  samples  nor  resulted  in  loss  of  chondrocyte  viability  when  compared  to  non-grooved  controls.  Therefore,  these  results  provide  basic  scientific  support  for  the  clinical  use  of  bendable  osteochondral  allografts.Having  developed  a  method  of  bendable  allografts  and  verifying  the  tissue  viability  and  sterility,  in  addition  to  simulating  joint  contact  in  the  cadaveric  model,  we  ran  a  study  to  assess  the  performance  of  bendable  osteochondral  allografts  and  shell  allografts  in  the  contralateral  stifle  joints  of  purpose-bred  dogs.  This  animal  model  was  used  to  measure  the  clinical  outcomes  of  bendable  osteochondral  allografts  transplantation  following  in-vivo  loading.  Functional  clinical  outcomes  were  collected,  including  force  mat  kinematics,  lameness  scoring,  range  of  motion,  and  pain  scoring.  At  the  termination  of  the  study,  allograft  tissue  and  synovial  fluid  from  the  joint  were  recovered  to  assess  the  sterility,  chondrocyte  viability,  chondrocyte  morphology,  and  bony  integration  of  the  allograft.  The  allografts  showed  no  signs  of  infection  or  rejection,  and  the  CNC-machined  shell  allografts  performed  well  in  the  joint.  Unfortunately,  the  grooves  machined  for  the bendable  allograft  patellae  were  more  appropriate  in  width  for  the  human  patella.  The  removal  of  excess  bony  tissue  destabilized  the  bendable  allografts  and  led  to  fractures  and  fissures  in  the  tissue.Based  on  the  fissuring  and  fragmentation  mode  of  failure  noted  in  the  canine  BOCAs,  the  size  and  number  of  the  machined  grooves  must  be  optimized  for  preclinical  testing  so  the  potential  advantages  of  bendable  OCAs  can  be  realized  without  compromising  their  integrity  and  osteointegration  during  healing.  Bulk  mechanical  properties  and  failure  thresholds  dependent  on  the  width  of  allograft  grooves  must  be  established  to  reduce  the  risk  of  post-transplantation  failure.  Ongoing  work  aims  to  establish  safe  geometrically-based  machining  criteria  and  determine  load  to-failure  thresholds  for  osteochondral  allografts  to  improve  tissue  integrity  and  functional  viability  post-transplantation.  This  aim  will  be  addressed  by  loading  canine  bendable  allografts  with  variable  groove  widths  to  assess  the  threshold  for  mechanical  failure  against  simulated  femoral  trochlea.  The  aim  of  this  study  is  to  define  allograft  bulk  mechanical  properties  and  failure  thresholds  for  producing  bendable  osteochondral  allografts.The  final  chapter  of  this  dissertation  aims  to  assess  the  impact  of  sustained  mechanical  loading  on  the  fluid  exchange  between  the  interfibrillar  and  extrafibrillar  space  in  native  articular  cartilage,  as  the  fluid  load  support  in  articular  cartilage  is  crucial  to  the  maintenance  of  the  low  coefficient  of  friction  within  the  tissue.  In  our  study,  we  developed  a  technique  to  measure  water  extruded  from  the  interfibrillar  space  in  articular  cartilage  by  applying  static  compression  to  unconfined  tissue.  Preliminary  results  indicate  that  the  loading  and  pressurization  of  the  articular  tissue  can  potentially  make  previously  trapped  interfibrillar  water  content  more  accessible.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■650  4▼aBiomedical  engineering
■650  4▼aMechanical  engineering
■650  4▼aPhysiology
■653    ▼aPost-traumatic  osteoarthritis
■653    ▼aPain-free  joint  function
■653    ▼aArticular  surface  remodeling
■653    ▼aArthroplasty  treatments
■690    ▼a0541
■690    ▼a0548
■690    ▼a0719
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bBiomedical  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-10B.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160902▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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