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Biochemical Characterization of Mammalian Formin FHOD3 in Cardiomyocyte Development
Biochemical Characterization of Mammalian Formin FHOD3 in Cardiomyocyte Development
Biochemical Characterization of Mammalian Formin FHOD3 in Cardiomyocyte Development

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152014
ISBN  
9798382837253
DDC  
574
저자명  
Valencia, Dylan Andrew.
서명/저자  
Biochemical Characterization of Mammalian Formin FHOD3 in Cardiomyocyte Development
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
166 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Quinlan, Margot Elizabeth;Nakano, Atsushi Austin.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Muscle contractions, among other cellular functions, are driven by highly ordered structures composed of actin and myosin. For cells to properly execute these functions, actin filaments must be specifically organized, assembled, and maintained throughout the cell. The precise timing of actin assembly required for these functions is helped by actin nucleators, such as formins. Formins assemble many actin-based structures through their formin homology (FH) domains, FH1 and FH2. The FH2 domain helps form new filaments in a process called nucleation, while the FH1 domain helps to elongate actin filaments in a processive manner while the FH2 domain "walks" along the growing barbed ends of filaments. The formin homology domain-containing protein (Fhod) family of formins are important for building several contractile actin structures, including sarcomeres in muscle cells and stress fibers in various non-muscle cells. Despite Fhod family formins being required for structures in vivo, mammalian Fhods were initially reported to instead inhibit actin assembly in vitro. Here, we establish that mammalian formin FHOD3 (both isoforms FHOD3S and FHOD3L) nucleate and elongate actin filaments in vitro. Human FHOD3S/L elongate actin filaments quite differently than other formins, where we observe brief, rapid moments of elongation after elongation is paused. We performed rescue experiments for FHOD3L in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) with mutants that separated its actin assembly activities to better understand whether nucleation or elongation is more important for sarcomere formation. We found that elongation activity by FHOD3L is necessary and sufficient for proper sarcomere formation and maintenance, whereas reducing its nucleation or bundling activity is tolerated in NRVMs. Further, mutations in FHOD3 have been implicated in 1-2% of cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a heart disease which results in the thickening of the septal muscle, eventually leading to arrhythmias and heart failure. Interestingly, the likely pathogenic R1386Q mutation for HCM results in a 37% increase in nucleation ability in vitro, leading to thinner sarcomeres in NRVM rescue experiments. We establish NRVMs as a model system to observe sarcomere structure and function and to understand which actin assembly activities are most crucial to the formation and maintenance of the sarcomere.
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Biology
키워드  
Actin
키워드  
Cardiomyocyte
키워드  
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
키워드  
Formins
키워드  
Sarcomere
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Biochemistry Molecular and Structural Biology 0090
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aValencia,  Dylan  Andrew.
■24510▼aBiochemical  Characterization  of  Mammalian  Formin  FHOD3  in  Cardiomyocyte  Development
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a166  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Quinlan,  Margot  Elizabeth;Nakano,  Atsushi  Austin.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2024.
■520    ▼aMuscle  contractions,  among  other  cellular  functions,  are  driven  by  highly  ordered  structures  composed  of  actin  and  myosin.  For  cells  to  properly  execute  these  functions,  actin  filaments  must  be  specifically  organized,  assembled,  and  maintained  throughout  the  cell.  The  precise  timing  of  actin  assembly  required  for  these  functions  is  helped  by  actin  nucleators,  such  as  formins.  Formins  assemble  many  actin-based  structures  through  their  formin  homology  (FH)  domains,  FH1  and  FH2.  The  FH2  domain  helps  form  new  filaments  in  a  process  called  nucleation,  while  the  FH1  domain  helps  to  elongate  actin  filaments  in  a  processive  manner  while  the  FH2  domain  "walks"  along  the  growing  barbed  ends  of  filaments.  The  formin  homology  domain-containing  protein  (Fhod)  family  of  formins  are  important  for  building  several  contractile  actin  structures, including  sarcomeres  in  muscle  cells  and  stress  fibers  in  various  non-muscle  cells.  Despite  Fhod  family  formins  being  required  for  structures  in  vivo,  mammalian  Fhods  were  initially  reported  to  instead  inhibit  actin  assembly  in  vitro.  Here,  we  establish  that  mammalian  formin  FHOD3  (both  isoforms  FHOD3S  and  FHOD3L)  nucleate  and  elongate  actin  filaments  in  vitro.  Human  FHOD3S/L  elongate  actin  filaments  quite  differently  than  other  formins,  where  we  observe  brief,  rapid  moments  of  elongation  after  elongation  is  paused.  We  performed  rescue  experiments  for  FHOD3L  in  neonatal  rat  ventricular  myocytes  (NRVMs)  with  mutants  that  separated  its  actin  assembly  activities  to  better  understand  whether  nucleation  or  elongation  is  more  important  for  sarcomere  formation.  We  found  that  elongation  activity  by  FHOD3L  is  necessary  and  sufficient  for  proper  sarcomere  formation  and  maintenance,  whereas  reducing  its  nucleation  or  bundling  activity  is  tolerated  in  NRVMs.  Further,  mutations  in  FHOD3  have  been  implicated  in  1-2%  of  cases  of  hypertrophic  cardiomyopathy  (HCM),  a  heart  disease  which  results  in  the  thickening  of  the  septal  muscle,  eventually  leading  to  arrhythmias  and  heart  failure.  Interestingly,  the  likely  pathogenic  R1386Q  mutation  for  HCM  results  in  a  37%  increase  in  nucleation  ability  in  vitro,  leading  to  thinner  sarcomeres  in  NRVM  rescue  experiments.  We  establish  NRVMs  as  a  model  system  to  observe  sarcomere  structure  and  function  and  to  understand  which  actin  assembly  activities  are  most  crucial  to  the  formation  and  maintenance  of  the  sarcomere.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aBiology
■653    ▼aActin
■653    ▼aCardiomyocyte
■653    ▼aHypertrophic  cardiomyopathy
■653    ▼aFormins
■653    ▼aSarcomere
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0306
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bBiochemistry,  Molecular  and  Structural  Biology  0090.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162452▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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