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Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling: Methodology Development and Mechanistic Insights
Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling: Methodology Development and Mechanistic Insi...
Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling: Methodology Development and Mechanistic Insights

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152127
ISBN  
9798383228388
DDC  
540
저자명  
Su, Zhi-Ming.
서명/저자  
Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling: Methodology Development and Mechanistic Insights
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
397 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Stahl, Shannon S.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions are the predominant methods for carbon-carbon bond formation in synthetic chemistry. Nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling (XEC) reactions have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cross-coupling strategies that employ organometallic nucleophiles as coupling partners. Ni-catalyzed XEC reactions feature the direct coupling of two electrophiles enabled by Ni-catalysis that requires a stoichiometric source of electrons from chemical reductants or electroreduction. This strategy offers several benefits, such as the utilization of stable and widely available carbon electrophiles, operational simplicity, and great functional group tolerance. Consequently, notable advancements in Ni-catalyzed XEC reactions have been achieved over the past decades. This thesis describes the efforts towards the development, mechanistic understanding, and application of Ni-catalyzed XEC methods.Chapter 1 provides a high-level overview of Ni-catalyzed XEC reactions, including their first disclosures, development, and current state of the art. Reaction mechanisms and strategies for achieving cross-selectivity in Ni-catalyzed XEC reactions are also discussed.Chapter 2 discloses an electrochemical method that converts lignin-derived aromatic compounds into a collective of substituted biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (BPDA) derivatives via Ni- and Ni/Pd-catalyzed XEC. The synergy between chemical and electrochemical conditions is highlighted, showing that high-throughput experimentation with chemical reductants enables rapid catalyst discovery while electrochemistry improves reaction yields and/or facilitates implementation on larger scale. The resultant BPDA derivatives exhibit improved poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plasticizer performance and reduced toxicity relative to a commercial plasticizer.Chapter 3 describes the application of open-circuit potential measurements to determine the redox potentials of metal reductants in organic solutions. Different organic solvents and reaction additives are shown to significantly impact the thermodynamic potentials of metal reductants. Fundamental insights can be gained through the study of the relationship between reductant redox potentials and critical redox processes in XEC reactions. Finally, Ni-catalyzed XEC of N-alkyl-2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium reagents (Katritzky salts) with aryl halides is used to demonstrate how some of the limitations related to using metal reductants can be overcome by highly tunable electrochemical reduction.Chapter 4 details the development of a general strategy for the XEC of heteroaryl chlorides with aryl bromides via Ni-catalysis. Two sets of reaction conditions (A and B) have been identified to enable the coupling of a variety of heteroaryl chlorides and aryl bromides containing an array of functional groups and steric environments. Condition A is particularly effective for the coupling of 2-chloropyridines with aryl bromides. Mechanistic investigations into condition A suggest a Ni-catalyzed in situ aryl-zinc formation, followed by a Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling between aryl-zinc and 2-chloropyridines. Condition B is usually preferred for the XEC of diazaheteroaryl chlorides with aryl bromides. In this case, preliminary studies reveal the synergistic effects of NaI and FeBr2 to match the relative reactivity of the two coupling partners and achieve high cross-selectivity.Collectively, the studies presented herein are envisioned to enable the utilization of a broader scope of electrophiles in Ni-catalyzed XEC reactions and facilitate a better mechanistic understanding.
일반주제명  
Chemistry
일반주제명  
Physical chemistry
일반주제명  
Analytical chemistry
일반주제명  
Organic chemistry
키워드  
Catalysis
키워드  
Cross-electrophile coupling
키워드  
Electrochemistry
키워드  
Methodology
키워드  
Nickel
키워드  
Organic synthesis
기타저자  
The University of Wisconsin - Madison Chemistry
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■0820  ▼a540
■1001  ▼aSu,  Zhi-Ming.
■24510▼aNickel-Catalyzed  Cross-Electrophile  Coupling:  Methodology  Development  and  Mechanistic  Insights
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a397  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Stahl,  Shannon  S.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison,  2024.
■520    ▼aTransition  metal-catalyzed  coupling  reactions  are  the  predominant  methods  for  carbon-carbon  bond  formation  in  synthetic  chemistry.  Nickel-catalyzed  cross-electrophile  coupling  (XEC)  reactions  have  emerged  as  a  promising  alternative  to  conventional  cross-coupling  strategies  that  employ  organometallic  nucleophiles  as  coupling  partners.  Ni-catalyzed  XEC  reactions  feature  the  direct  coupling  of  two  electrophiles  enabled  by  Ni-catalysis  that  requires  a  stoichiometric  source  of  electrons  from  chemical  reductants  or  electroreduction.  This  strategy  offers  several  benefits,  such  as  the  utilization  of  stable  and  widely  available  carbon  electrophiles,  operational  simplicity,  and  great  functional  group  tolerance.  Consequently,  notable  advancements  in  Ni-catalyzed  XEC  reactions  have  been  achieved  over  the  past  decades.  This  thesis  describes  the  efforts  towards  the  development,  mechanistic  understanding,  and  application  of  Ni-catalyzed  XEC  methods.Chapter  1  provides  a  high-level  overview  of  Ni-catalyzed  XEC  reactions,  including  their  first  disclosures,  development,  and  current  state  of  the  art.  Reaction  mechanisms  and  strategies  for  achieving  cross-selectivity  in  Ni-catalyzed  XEC  reactions  are  also  discussed.Chapter  2  discloses  an  electrochemical  method  that  converts  lignin-derived  aromatic  compounds  into  a  collective  of  substituted  biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic  acid  (BPDA)  derivatives  via  Ni-  and  Ni/Pd-catalyzed  XEC.  The  synergy  between  chemical  and  electrochemical  conditions  is  highlighted,  showing  that  high-throughput  experimentation  with  chemical  reductants  enables  rapid  catalyst  discovery  while  electrochemistry  improves  reaction  yields  and/or  facilitates  implementation  on  larger  scale.  The  resultant  BPDA  derivatives  exhibit  improved  poly(vinyl  chloride)  (PVC)  plasticizer  performance  and  reduced  toxicity  relative  to  a  commercial  plasticizer.Chapter  3  describes  the  application  of  open-circuit  potential  measurements  to  determine  the  redox  potentials  of  metal  reductants  in  organic  solutions.  Different  organic  solvents  and  reaction  additives  are  shown  to  significantly  impact  the  thermodynamic  potentials  of  metal  reductants.  Fundamental  insights  can  be  gained  through  the  study  of  the  relationship  between  reductant  redox  potentials  and  critical  redox  processes  in  XEC  reactions.  Finally,  Ni-catalyzed  XEC  of  N-alkyl-2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium  reagents  (Katritzky  salts)  with  aryl  halides  is  used  to  demonstrate  how  some  of  the  limitations  related  to  using  metal  reductants  can  be  overcome  by  highly  tunable  electrochemical  reduction.Chapter  4  details  the  development  of  a  general  strategy  for  the  XEC  of  heteroaryl  chlorides  with  aryl  bromides  via  Ni-catalysis.  Two  sets  of  reaction  conditions  (A  and  B)  have  been  identified  to  enable  the  coupling  of  a  variety  of  heteroaryl  chlorides  and  aryl  bromides  containing  an  array  of  functional  groups  and  steric  environments.  Condition  A  is  particularly  effective  for  the  coupling  of  2-chloropyridines  with  aryl  bromides.  Mechanistic  investigations  into  condition  A  suggest  a  Ni-catalyzed  in  situ  aryl-zinc  formation,  followed  by  a  Ni-catalyzed  cross-coupling  between  aryl-zinc  and  2-chloropyridines.  Condition  B  is  usually  preferred  for  the  XEC  of  diazaheteroaryl  chlorides  with  aryl  bromides.  In  this  case,  preliminary  studies  reveal  the  synergistic  effects  of  NaI  and  FeBr2  to  match  the  relative  reactivity  of  the  two  coupling  partners  and  achieve  high  cross-selectivity.Collectively,  the  studies  presented  herein  are  envisioned  to  enable  the  utilization  of  a  broader  scope  of  electrophiles  in  Ni-catalyzed  XEC  reactions  and  facilitate  a  better  mechanistic  understanding.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0262.
■650  4▼aChemistry
■650  4▼aPhysical  chemistry
■650  4▼aAnalytical  chemistry
■650  4▼aOrganic  chemistry
■653    ▼aCatalysis
■653    ▼aCross-electrophile  coupling
■653    ▼aElectrochemistry
■653    ▼aMethodology
■653    ▼aNickel
■653    ▼aOrganic  synthesis
■690    ▼a0485
■690    ▼a0494
■690    ▼a0486
■690    ▼a0490
■71020▼aThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison▼bChemistry.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-01B.
■790    ▼a0262
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163039▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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