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Characterization of Gastrointestinal Mucin-Degrading Systems in Gut Bacteria
Characterization of Gastrointestinal Mucin-Degrading Systems in Gut Bacteria
Characterization of Gastrointestinal Mucin-Degrading Systems in Gut Bacteria

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153004
ISBN  
9798384043553
DDC  
576
저자명  
Schaus, Sadie R.
서명/저자  
Characterization of Gastrointestinal Mucin-Degrading Systems in Gut Bacteria
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
183 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Martens, Eric C.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Mucus is a protective barrier secreted in the gastrointestinal tract to promote healthy separation between host tissues and the resident gut microbiota. Mucus forms two distinct layers covering the epithelium and is mainly composed of complex, highly glycosylated mucin monomers. Interestingly, some bacterial species occupy the outer mucus layer and utilize it as a nutrient source. While this is a feature of a healthy microbiota, mucin-degrading bacteria have been implicated in contributing to disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease, when present with other risk factors. Bacterial enzymes that target highly complex mucin glycoproteins have been identified, but a single enzymatic repertoire that enables a species to degrade specific components of mucins has not been identified. Thus, mucin-degrading mechanisms must be empirically characterized in individual species to understand how these bacteria access different components of mucin and how this activity influences the gut bacterial community.Here, I further characterize the mucin-degrading mechanisms of two gut bacteria: Ruminococcus torques and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. I found that R. torques degrades both intact mucin glycoproteins and free mucin glycans, predominantly using constitutively expressed, secreted enzymes. This mechanism allows R. torques to cross-feed degraded mucin products to B. thetaiotaomicron, which can only utilize free mucin glycans, as demonstrated in in vitro co-culture experiments and growth curves on R. torques pre-digested mucin. Thus, I have established that R. torques is a keystone mucin-degrader, which acts as a primary degrader of this complex substrate and releases simpler products that become available to species that cannot access mucin glycoprotein alone.While examining interspecies interactions is important to understand how mucin is degraded within the gut bacterial community, identifying and characterizing individual mucin-degrading enzymes is important to identify potential therapeutic targets to block bacterial mucin-degradation in vivo. To this end, we identified the activity of 36 putative mucin glycan-degrading glycoside hydrolase enzymes in B. thetaiotaomicron, including the discovery of novel endo-glycanase activity in three GH18 family enzymes. Interestingly, B. thetaiotaomicron encodes a redundant mucin-degrading enzyme repertoire, expressing multiple enzymes from the same glycoside hydrolase family or with the same substrate specificities. I assessed the contributions of a subset of these enzymes to the mucin-degrading ability and fitness of B. thetaiotaomicron by testing gene deletion mutant strains in in vitro growth assays on purified mucin substrates and in vivo competitions against the parent strain. Indeed, enzymatic redundancy did protect against loss of some enzymes, such as fucosidases. However, in other cases, such as with a mutant lacking three mucin-degrading loci, complementation with a single sulfatase enzyme was sufficient to rescue the loss of the other enzymes in these loci. Identification of these key enzymes critical to the ability of B. thetaiotaomicron to degrade mucin substrates will inform future experiments to develop approaches to blocking mucin-degradation.Together, these results underscore the importance of continued investigation and characterization of mucin-degrading mechanisms in additional species to understand both community interactions and individual enzyme contributions to this phenotype, which will facilitate the development of tools to block mucin-degradation in cases where it contributes to disease.
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Immunology
키워드  
Gut microbiome
키워드  
Mucus
키워드  
Mucin-degrading bacteria
키워드  
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
키워드  
Ruminococcus torques
기타저자  
University of Michigan Microbiology & Immunology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aSchaus,  Sadie  R.
■24510▼aCharacterization  of  Gastrointestinal  Mucin-Degrading  Systems  in  Gut  Bacteria
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a183  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Martens,  Eric  C.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2024.
■520    ▼aMucus  is  a  protective  barrier  secreted  in  the  gastrointestinal  tract  to  promote  healthy  separation  between  host  tissues  and  the  resident  gut  microbiota.  Mucus  forms  two  distinct  layers  covering  the  epithelium  and  is  mainly  composed  of  complex,  highly  glycosylated  mucin  monomers.  Interestingly,  some  bacterial  species  occupy  the  outer  mucus  layer  and  utilize  it  as  a  nutrient  source.  While  this  is  a  feature  of  a  healthy  microbiota,  mucin-degrading  bacteria  have  been  implicated  in  contributing  to  disease,  such  as  inflammatory  bowel  disease,  when  present  with  other  risk  factors.  Bacterial  enzymes  that  target  highly  complex  mucin  glycoproteins  have  been  identified,  but  a  single  enzymatic  repertoire  that  enables  a  species  to  degrade  specific  components  of  mucins  has  not  been  identified.  Thus,  mucin-degrading  mechanisms  must  be  empirically  characterized  in  individual  species  to  understand  how  these  bacteria  access  different  components  of  mucin  and  how  this  activity  influences  the  gut  bacterial  community.Here,  I  further  characterize  the  mucin-degrading  mechanisms  of  two  gut  bacteria:  Ruminococcus  torques  and  Bacteroides  thetaiotaomicron.  I  found  that  R.  torques  degrades  both  intact  mucin  glycoproteins  and  free  mucin  glycans,  predominantly  using  constitutively  expressed,  secreted  enzymes.  This  mechanism  allows  R.  torques  to  cross-feed  degraded  mucin  products  to  B.  thetaiotaomicron,  which  can  only  utilize  free  mucin  glycans,  as  demonstrated  in  in  vitro  co-culture  experiments  and  growth  curves  on  R.  torques  pre-digested  mucin.  Thus,  I  have  established  that  R.  torques  is  a  keystone  mucin-degrader,  which  acts  as  a  primary  degrader  of  this  complex  substrate  and  releases  simpler  products  that  become  available  to  species  that  cannot  access  mucin  glycoprotein  alone.While  examining  interspecies  interactions  is  important  to  understand  how  mucin  is  degraded  within  the  gut  bacterial  community,  identifying  and  characterizing  individual  mucin-degrading  enzymes  is  important  to  identify  potential  therapeutic  targets  to  block  bacterial  mucin-degradation  in  vivo.  To  this  end,  we  identified  the  activity  of  36  putative  mucin  glycan-degrading  glycoside  hydrolase  enzymes  in  B.  thetaiotaomicron,  including  the  discovery  of  novel  endo-glycanase  activity  in  three  GH18  family  enzymes.  Interestingly,  B.  thetaiotaomicron  encodes  a  redundant  mucin-degrading  enzyme  repertoire,  expressing  multiple  enzymes  from  the  same  glycoside  hydrolase  family  or  with  the  same  substrate  specificities.  I  assessed  the  contributions  of  a  subset  of  these  enzymes  to  the  mucin-degrading  ability  and  fitness  of  B.  thetaiotaomicron  by  testing  gene  deletion  mutant  strains  in  in  vitro  growth  assays  on  purified  mucin  substrates  and  in  vivo  competitions  against  the  parent  strain.  Indeed,  enzymatic  redundancy  did  protect  against  loss  of  some  enzymes,  such  as  fucosidases.  However,  in  other  cases,  such  as  with  a  mutant  lacking  three  mucin-degrading  loci,  complementation  with  a  single  sulfatase  enzyme  was  sufficient  to  rescue  the  loss  of  the  other  enzymes  in  these  loci.  Identification  of  these  key  enzymes  critical  to  the  ability  of  B.  thetaiotaomicron  to  degrade  mucin  substrates  will  inform  future  experiments  to  develop  approaches  to  blocking  mucin-degradation.Together,  these  results  underscore  the  importance  of  continued  investigation  and  characterization  of  mucin-degrading  mechanisms  in  additional  species  to  understand  both  community  interactions  and  individual  enzyme  contributions  to  this  phenotype,  which  will  facilitate  the  development  of  tools  to  block  mucin-degradation  in  cases  where  it  contributes  to  disease.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aImmunology
■653    ▼aGut  microbiome
■653    ▼aMucus
■653    ▼aMucin-degrading  bacteria
■653    ▼aBacteroides  thetaiotaomicron
■653    ▼aRuminococcus  torques
■690    ▼a0410
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0369
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bMicrobiology  &  Immunology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164455▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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