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Somatic Mutations in Aging, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, and Myeloid Neoplasms
Somatic Mutations in Aging, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, and Myeloid Neoplasms
Somatic Mutations in Aging, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, and Myeloid Neoplasms

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151044
ISBN  
9798382321776
DDC  
610
저자명  
Tran, Tho B.
서명/저자  
Somatic Mutations in Aging, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, and Myeloid Neoplasms
발행사항  
[Sl] : Yale University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
70 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Siddon, Alexa J.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (M.D.)--Yale University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clonal blood disorder frequently associated with bone marrow failure that in rare instances can progress to leukemia. PNH clones of varying sizes occasionally present even in patients with hematologic malignancies and no known history of classical PNH, particularly in myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS). Curiously, somatic driver mutations considered to be pathogenic and likely pathogenic in myeloid leukemias can be found in phenotypically normal, elderly individuals, as well as those with clonal disorders such as PNH, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), and age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH). These mutations may be the critical link between PNH and the development of cancer. We suspect that PNH clones, derived from mutations in PIGA, may reflect a disordered bone marrow prone to additional genetic hits involved in tumorigenesis. It is uncertain, however, whether leukemic cells directly arise from PNH+ progenitors with additional genetic variants or if they are in fact distinct populations. Moreover, the specific driver mutations that underlie both PNH and myeloid neoplasms remains an area of active investigation. Our study aims to characterize the prevalence of myeloid neoplasm-associated somatic mutations in older adults and in patients who develop myeloid malignancies (MN+ patients), stratified by whether they also harbor PNH clones. We retrospectively examined the initial genetic evaluation by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 197 individuals at Yale-New Haven Hospital and elicited the most common driver mutations and their association with age and PNH clonal presence. We demonstrated that pathogenic and likely pathogenic somatic mutations increased with age (average age of patients with one or more mutations was 69.8 years compared to 58.0 years in those with no mutations of interest, p 0.0001). Variants in SF3B1 (average age= 74.4 years, p= 0.0015), TP53 (average age= 72.8 years, p= 0.0057), SRSF2 (average age= 72.4 years, p= 0.0024), DNMT3A (average age= 71.9 years, p= 0.0059), TET2 (average age= 70.8 years, p= 0.0032), ASXL1 (average age= 70 years, p= 0.0052), and U2AF1 (average age= 69.7 years, p= 0.0082) were most commonly present in adults who were significantly older than those with no relevant mutations.Those with a diagnosis of a myeloid neoplasm were drastically more likely to harbor driver mutations (81.1% with at least one variant of interest vs. 23.5% among those without a myeloid neoplasm, p 0.0001), and had a greater number of mutations on average (1.95 vs. 0.38 mutations per patient, p 0.0001). Interestingly, MN+ patients who had a PNH clone ≥0.01% were significantly more likely to possess a neoplasm-associated mutation than those with no PNH clones (91.9% vs. 60.6%, p= 0.0005), indicating that the presence of PNH clones augments the odds of possessing cancer-related genetic lesions as early as the time of the initial evaluation. Specifically, patients who were both MN+ and PNH+ were more likely than their PNH- counterparts to have one or two pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants (58.1% vs. 27.3%), though they were equally likely to possess three or more mutations (33.9% vs. 33.3%). Furthermore, among all patients in the cohort ≥70 years, PNH presence significantly increased the overall likelihood of discovering relevant gene variants (78.9% vs. 48.7%, χ2 p= 0.0027).Among all patients, PNH clone presence was correlated with mutations in SF3B1 (85.7% of cases with SF3B1 variants had PNH clones compared 56.8% of cases with no mutations had PNH clones, Fisher's exact test, p= 0.0402), and to a lesser degree, with RUNX1 (83.3% PNH+ cases, p= 0.0686) and DNMT3A (80.0% PNH+ cases, p= 0.0914). Finally, we qualitatively described that mutations in ASXL1, TET2, and SRSF2 tended to occur together; there were also concomitant mutations in TET2 with EZH2 and in SF3B1 with RUNX1.Therefore, we recommend early genetic screening of all elderly patients ≥70 years who present with PNH clones of any size in the peripheral blood as these patients have a higher likelihood of harboring pathogenic and likely pathogenic driver mutations. We demonstrated that certain neoplasm-associated mutations are common in elderly patients, while others correlated with PNH clone presence, and that some variants tend to co-occur. Future studies should address the molecular mechanisms of these lesions in leukemogenesis. The observation that PNH clone presence is significantly correlated with somatic mutations in MN+ disease suggests an important relationship between PNH clones and cancer, either as direct tumor precursor populations or as an incidental consequence of high genetic mutability in a vulnerable bone marrow.
일반주제명  
Medicine
일반주제명  
Aging
일반주제명  
Genetics
키워드  
Mutations
키워드  
Myeloid neoplasms
키워드  
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
기타저자  
Yale University Yale School of Medicine
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■020    ▼a9798382321776
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31140564
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a610
■1001  ▼aTran,  Tho  B.
■24510▼aSomatic  Mutations  in  Aging,  Paroxysmal  Nocturnal  Hemoglobinuria,  and  Myeloid  Neoplasms
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bYale  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a70  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Siddon,  Alexa  J.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (M.D.)--Yale  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aParoxysmal  nocturnal  hemoglobinuria  (PNH)  is  a  clonal  blood  disorder  frequently  associated  with  bone  marrow  failure  that  in  rare  instances  can  progress  to  leukemia.  PNH  clones  of  varying  sizes  occasionally  present  even  in  patients  with  hematologic  malignancies  and  no  known  history  of  classical  PNH,  particularly  in  myelodysplastic  neoplasms  (MDS).  Curiously,  somatic  driver  mutations  considered  to  be  pathogenic  and  likely  pathogenic  in  myeloid  leukemias  can  be  found  in  phenotypically  normal,  elderly  individuals,  as  well  as  those  with  clonal  disorders  such  as  PNH,  clonal  hematopoiesis  of  indeterminate  potential  (CHIP),  and  age-related  clonal  hematopoiesis  (ARCH).  These  mutations  may  be  the  critical  link  between  PNH  and  the  development  of  cancer.  We  suspect  that  PNH  clones,  derived  from  mutations  in  PIGA,  may  reflect  a  disordered  bone  marrow  prone  to  additional  genetic  hits  involved  in  tumorigenesis.  It  is  uncertain,  however,  whether  leukemic  cells  directly  arise  from  PNH+  progenitors  with  additional  genetic  variants  or  if  they  are  in  fact  distinct  populations.  Moreover,  the  specific  driver  mutations  that  underlie  both  PNH  and  myeloid  neoplasms  remains  an  area  of  active  investigation.  Our  study  aims  to  characterize  the  prevalence  of  myeloid  neoplasm-associated  somatic  mutations  in  older  adults  and  in  patients  who  develop  myeloid  malignancies  (MN+  patients),  stratified  by  whether  they  also  harbor  PNH  clones.  We  retrospectively  examined  the  initial  genetic  evaluation  by  next-generation  sequencing  (NGS)  of  197  individuals  at  Yale-New  Haven  Hospital  and  elicited  the  most  common  driver  mutations  and  their  association  with  age  and  PNH  clonal  presence.  We  demonstrated  that  pathogenic  and  likely  pathogenic  somatic  mutations  increased  with  age  (average  age  of  patients  with  one  or  more  mutations  was  69.8  years  compared  to  58.0  years  in  those  with  no  mutations  of  interest,  p  0.0001).  Variants  in  SF3B1  (average  age=  74.4  years,  p=  0.0015),  TP53  (average  age=  72.8  years,  p=  0.0057),  SRSF2  (average  age=  72.4  years,  p=  0.0024),  DNMT3A  (average  age=  71.9  years,  p=  0.0059),  TET2  (average  age=  70.8  years,  p=  0.0032),  ASXL1  (average  age=  70  years,  p=  0.0052),  and  U2AF1  (average  age=  69.7  years,  p=  0.0082)  were  most  commonly  present  in  adults  who  were  significantly  older  than  those  with  no  relevant  mutations.Those  with  a  diagnosis  of  a  myeloid  neoplasm  were  drastically  more  likely  to  harbor  driver  mutations  (81.1%  with  at  least  one  variant  of  interest  vs.  23.5%  among  those  without  a  myeloid  neoplasm,  p  0.0001),  and  had  a  greater  number  of  mutations  on  average  (1.95  vs.  0.38  mutations  per  patient,  p  0.0001).  Interestingly,  MN+  patients  who  had  a  PNH  clone  ≥0.01%  were  significantly  more  likely  to  possess  a  neoplasm-associated  mutation  than  those  with  no  PNH  clones  (91.9%  vs.  60.6%,  p=  0.0005),  indicating  that  the  presence  of  PNH  clones  augments  the  odds  of  possessing  cancer-related  genetic  lesions  as  early  as  the  time  of  the  initial  evaluation.  Specifically,  patients  who  were  both  MN+  and  PNH+  were  more  likely  than  their  PNH-  counterparts  to  have  one  or  two  pathogenic  and  likely  pathogenic  variants  (58.1%  vs.  27.3%),  though  they  were  equally  likely  to  possess  three  or  more  mutations  (33.9%  vs.  33.3%).  Furthermore,  among  all  patients  in  the  cohort  ≥70  years,  PNH  presence  significantly  increased  the  overall  likelihood  of  discovering  relevant  gene  variants  (78.9%  vs.  48.7%,  χ2  p=  0.0027).Among  all  patients,  PNH  clone  presence  was  correlated  with  mutations  in  SF3B1  (85.7%  of  cases  with  SF3B1  variants  had  PNH  clones  compared  56.8%  of  cases  with  no  mutations  had  PNH  clones,  Fisher's  exact  test,  p=  0.0402),  and  to  a  lesser  degree,  with  RUNX1  (83.3%  PNH+  cases,  p=  0.0686)  and  DNMT3A  (80.0%  PNH+  cases,  p=  0.0914).  Finally,  we  qualitatively  described  that  mutations  in  ASXL1,  TET2,  and  SRSF2  tended  to  occur  together;  there  were  also  concomitant  mutations  in  TET2  with  EZH2  and  in  SF3B1  with  RUNX1.Therefore,  we  recommend  early  genetic  screening  of  all  elderly  patients  ≥70  years  who  present  with  PNH  clones  of  any  size  in  the  peripheral  blood  as  these  patients  have  a  higher  likelihood  of  harboring  pathogenic  and  likely  pathogenic  driver  mutations.  We  demonstrated  that  certain  neoplasm-associated  mutations  are  common  in  elderly  patients,  while  others  correlated  with  PNH  clone  presence,  and  that  some  variants  tend  to  co-occur.  Future  studies  should  address  the  molecular  mechanisms  of  these  lesions  in  leukemogenesis.  The  observation  that  PNH  clone  presence  is  significantly  correlated  with  somatic  mutations  in  MN+  disease  suggests  an  important  relationship  between  PNH  clones  and  cancer,  either  as  direct  tumor  precursor  populations  or  as  an  incidental  consequence  of  high  genetic  mutability  in  a  vulnerable  bone  marrow.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0265.
■650  4▼aMedicine
■650  4▼aAging
■650  4▼aGenetics
■653    ▼aMutations
■653    ▼aMyeloid  neoplasms
■653    ▼aParoxysmal  nocturnal  hemoglobinuria
■690    ▼a0564
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0493
■71020▼aYale  University▼bYale  School  of  Medicine.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-11B.
■790    ▼a0265
■791    ▼aM.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160583▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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