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Lanthanide Complexes Featuring Terminal Oxo and Methyl Ligands: How Covalency, Redox, and Sterics Impact Stability of Lanthanide Bonding
Lanthanide Complexes Featuring Terminal Oxo and Methyl Ligands: How Covalency, Redox, and Sterics Impact Stability of Lanthanide Bonding
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211151435
- ISBN
- 9798384452829
- DDC
- 540
- 저자명
- Shafi, Ziad.
- 서명/저자
- Lanthanide Complexes Featuring Terminal Oxo and Methyl Ligands: How Covalency, Redox, and Sterics Impact Stability of Lanthanide Bonding
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 129 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Gibson, John K.;Arnold, John.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Chapter 1. Motivations and techniques used for studying lanthanide-ligand bonding are presented. Lanthanides are critical materials that face significant challenges in their extraction and separation. The role of redox, covalency, and sterics in controlling lanthanide bond stability is summarized. Gas-phase methods are demonstrated as advantageous to probing reactive and unstable complexes, such as lanthanide complexes explored in this work. Mass spectrometers equipped with electrospray and ion traps are introduced as instruments with the ability to isolate, synthesize, and probe reactivity of novel lanthanide complexes, offering insight into the nature of lanthanide-ligand bonding for improving separations efforts.Chapter 2. The gas-phase preparation, isolation, and reactivity of a series of lanthanide complexes featuring the elusive LnIII=O bond is reported. The [LnIII (O)(X)2]- complexes (X = NO3- or CH3CO2- ) are prepared from [LnIII (CH3CO2) (X)3]- precursors through decarboxylation followed by either nitromethane or acetone elimination. The lanthanide-oxo complexes are all observed to hydrolyze, the rate being a measure of LnIII=O bond stability. Rates of hydrolysis for [LnIII(O) (NO3)2]- are essentially invariant, whereas the rates of hydrolysis for [LnIII (O) (CH3CO2)2]- exhibit a moderate monotonic decrease across the lanthanide series. Reaction kinetics are discussed with respect to factors controlling f-element-oxo bond hydrolysis, such as participation of 5d2 electrons, changes in covalency via variations in 5d orbital energies and radial extensions, and steric crowding around the lanthanide centers. The fast hydrolysis rates and their lack of correlation to electronic and qualitative covalent considerations confirm the expected strong polarization in LnIII=O bonding, with variations in covalency having minimal impact on reactivity.Chapter 3. The gas-phase preparation, isolation, and reactivity of lanthanide-oxide nitrate complexes [Ln(O) (NO3)3]- , featuring the LnO2+ moiety, is reported. These complexes are prepared from [Ln(NO3)4]- precursors (LnIII= Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy) through nitrate decomposition. The LnO2+ moiety within [Ln(O) (NO3)3]- features a LnIII-O.oxyl, LnIV=O oxo, or intermediate LnIII/IV oxyl/oxo bond, depending on the accessibility of the tetravalent LnIV state. The hydrogen atom abstraction reactivity of the LnO2+ complexes to form unambiguously trivalent [LnIII(OH)(NO3)3]- reveals the nature of the oxide bond. The result of slower reactivity of PrO2+ versus TbO2+ is considered to indicate higher stability of the tetravalent praseodymium-oxo, PrIV=O, versus TbIV=O. This is the first report of PrIV as more stable than TbIV, which is discussed with respect to ionization potentials, standard electrode potentials, atomic promotion energies, and oxo bond covalency via 4f and/or 5d orbital participation.Chapter 4. The gas-phase preparation, isolation, and reactivity of a series of organolanthanides featuring the Ln-CH3 bond is reported. The complexes are formed by decarboxylating anionic lanthanide acetates to form trivalent [LnIII(CH3) (CH3CO2)3]- , divalent [EuII(CH3) (CH3CO2)2]- , and the first examples of tetravalent organocerium complexes featuring CelV-Calkyl σ-bonds: [CeIV (O) (CH3) (CH3CO2)2]- and [CeIV (O) (CH3) (NO3)2]- . Attempts to isolate PrIV-CH3 and TbIV-CH3 were unsuccessful, however, fragmentation patterns reveal the oxidation of LnIII to a LnIV-oxo- acetate complex is more favorable for praseodymium than terbium. The rate of Ln-CH3 hydrolysis is a measure of bond stability, and it decreases from LaIII-CH3 to LuIII-CH3, with increasing steric crowding for smaller Ln stabilizing the harder Ln-CH3 bond against hydrolysis. [EuII(CH3) (CH3CO2)2]- engages in much faster hydrolysis versus LnIII-CH3. The surprising observation of similar hydrolysis rates for CeIV-CH3 and CIII-CH3 is discussed with respect to sterics, the oxo ligand, and bond covalency in σ-bonded organolanthanides.
- 일반주제명
- Chemistry
- 일반주제명
- Inorganic chemistry
- 일반주제명
- Physical chemistry
- 일반주제명
- Analytical chemistry
- 키워드
- Bonding
- 키워드
- Covalency
- 키워드
- Kinetics
- 키워드
- Lanthanides
- 기타저자
- University of California, Berkeley Chemistry
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520250211151435
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■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798384452829
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31295593
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a540
■1001 ▼aShafi, Ziad.
■24510▼aLanthanide Complexes Featuring Terminal Oxo and Methyl Ligands: How Covalency, Redox, and Sterics Impact Stability of Lanthanide Bonding
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Berkeley▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a129 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Gibson, John K.;Arnold, John.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2024.
■520 ▼aChapter 1. Motivations and techniques used for studying lanthanide-ligand bonding are presented. Lanthanides are critical materials that face significant challenges in their extraction and separation. The role of redox, covalency, and sterics in controlling lanthanide bond stability is summarized. Gas-phase methods are demonstrated as advantageous to probing reactive and unstable complexes, such as lanthanide complexes explored in this work. Mass spectrometers equipped with electrospray and ion traps are introduced as instruments with the ability to isolate, synthesize, and probe reactivity of novel lanthanide complexes, offering insight into the nature of lanthanide-ligand bonding for improving separations efforts.Chapter 2. The gas-phase preparation, isolation, and reactivity of a series of lanthanide complexes featuring the elusive LnIII=O bond is reported. The [LnIII (O)(X)2]- complexes (X = NO3- or CH3CO2- ) are prepared from [LnIII (CH3CO2) (X)3]- precursors through decarboxylation followed by either nitromethane or acetone elimination. The lanthanide-oxo complexes are all observed to hydrolyze, the rate being a measure of LnIII=O bond stability. Rates of hydrolysis for [LnIII(O) (NO3)2]- are essentially invariant, whereas the rates of hydrolysis for [LnIII (O) (CH3CO2)2]- exhibit a moderate monotonic decrease across the lanthanide series. Reaction kinetics are discussed with respect to factors controlling f-element-oxo bond hydrolysis, such as participation of 5d2 electrons, changes in covalency via variations in 5d orbital energies and radial extensions, and steric crowding around the lanthanide centers. The fast hydrolysis rates and their lack of correlation to electronic and qualitative covalent considerations confirm the expected strong polarization in LnIII=O bonding, with variations in covalency having minimal impact on reactivity.Chapter 3. The gas-phase preparation, isolation, and reactivity of lanthanide-oxide nitrate complexes [Ln(O) (NO3)3]- , featuring the LnO2+ moiety, is reported. These complexes are prepared from [Ln(NO3)4]- precursors (LnIII= Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy) through nitrate decomposition. The LnO2+ moiety within [Ln(O) (NO3)3]- features a LnIII-O.oxyl, LnIV=O oxo, or intermediate LnIII/IV oxyl/oxo bond, depending on the accessibility of the tetravalent LnIV state. The hydrogen atom abstraction reactivity of the LnO2+ complexes to form unambiguously trivalent [LnIII(OH)(NO3)3]- reveals the nature of the oxide bond. The result of slower reactivity of PrO2+ versus TbO2+ is considered to indicate higher stability of the tetravalent praseodymium-oxo, PrIV=O, versus TbIV=O. This is the first report of PrIV as more stable than TbIV, which is discussed with respect to ionization potentials, standard electrode potentials, atomic promotion energies, and oxo bond covalency via 4f and/or 5d orbital participation.Chapter 4. The gas-phase preparation, isolation, and reactivity of a series of organolanthanides featuring the Ln-CH3 bond is reported. The complexes are formed by decarboxylating anionic lanthanide acetates to form trivalent [LnIII(CH3) (CH3CO2)3]- , divalent [EuII(CH3) (CH3CO2)2]- , and the first examples of tetravalent organocerium complexes featuring CelV-Calkyl σ-bonds: [CeIV (O) (CH3) (CH3CO2)2]- and [CeIV (O) (CH3) (NO3)2]- . Attempts to isolate PrIV-CH3 and TbIV-CH3 were unsuccessful, however, fragmentation patterns reveal the oxidation of LnIII to a LnIV-oxo- acetate complex is more favorable for praseodymium than terbium. The rate of Ln-CH3 hydrolysis is a measure of bond stability, and it decreases from LaIII-CH3 to LuIII-CH3, with increasing steric crowding for smaller Ln stabilizing the harder Ln-CH3 bond against hydrolysis. [EuII(CH3) (CH3CO2)2]- engages in much faster hydrolysis versus LnIII-CH3. The surprising observation of similar hydrolysis rates for CeIV-CH3 and CIII-CH3 is discussed with respect to sterics, the oxo ligand, and bond covalency in σ-bonded organolanthanides.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0028.
■650 4▼aChemistry
■650 4▼aInorganic chemistry
■650 4▼aPhysical chemistry
■650 4▼aAnalytical chemistry
■653 ▼aBonding
■653 ▼aCovalency
■653 ▼aKinetics
■653 ▼aLanthanides
■653 ▼aMass spectrometry
■690 ▼a0485
■690 ▼a0488
■690 ▼a0494
■690 ▼a0486
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Berkeley▼bChemistry.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-04B.
■790 ▼a0028
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161720▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


