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Lanthanide Complexes Featuring Terminal Oxo and Methyl Ligands: How Covalency, Redox, and Sterics Impact Stability of Lanthanide Bonding
Lanthanide Complexes Featuring Terminal Oxo and Methyl Ligands: How Covalency, Redox, and ...
Lanthanide Complexes Featuring Terminal Oxo and Methyl Ligands: How Covalency, Redox, and Sterics Impact Stability of Lanthanide Bonding

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151435
ISBN  
9798384452829
DDC  
540
저자명  
Shafi, Ziad.
서명/저자  
Lanthanide Complexes Featuring Terminal Oxo and Methyl Ligands: How Covalency, Redox, and Sterics Impact Stability of Lanthanide Bonding
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
129 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Gibson, John K.;Arnold, John.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Chapter 1. Motivations and techniques used for studying lanthanide-ligand bonding are presented. Lanthanides are critical materials that face significant challenges in their extraction and separation. The role of redox, covalency, and sterics in controlling lanthanide bond stability is summarized. Gas-phase methods are demonstrated as advantageous to probing reactive and unstable complexes, such as lanthanide complexes explored in this work. Mass spectrometers equipped with electrospray and ion traps are introduced as instruments with the ability to isolate, synthesize, and probe reactivity of novel lanthanide complexes, offering insight into the nature of lanthanide-ligand bonding for improving separations efforts.Chapter 2. The gas-phase preparation, isolation, and reactivity of a series of lanthanide complexes featuring the elusive LnIII=O bond is reported. The [LnIII (O)(X)2]-  complexes (X = NO3-  or CH3CO2- ) are prepared from [LnIII (CH3CO2) (X)3]-  precursors through decarboxylation followed by either nitromethane or acetone elimination. The lanthanide-oxo complexes are all observed to hydrolyze, the rate being a measure of LnIII=O bond stability. Rates of hydrolysis for [LnIII(O) (NO3)2]-  are essentially invariant, whereas the rates of hydrolysis for [LnIII (O) (CH3CO2)2]-  exhibit a moderate monotonic decrease across the lanthanide series. Reaction kinetics are discussed with respect to factors controlling f-element-oxo bond hydrolysis, such as participation of 5d2 electrons, changes in covalency via variations in 5d orbital energies and radial extensions, and steric crowding around the lanthanide centers. The fast hydrolysis rates and their lack of correlation to electronic and qualitative covalent considerations confirm the expected strong polarization in LnIII=O bonding, with variations in covalency having minimal impact on reactivity.Chapter 3. The gas-phase preparation, isolation, and reactivity of lanthanide-oxide nitrate complexes [Ln(O) (NO3)3]- , featuring the LnO2+ moiety, is reported. These complexes are prepared from [Ln(NO3)4]-  precursors (LnIII= Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy) through nitrate decomposition. The LnO2+ moiety within [Ln(O) (NO3)3]-  features a LnIII-O.oxyl, LnIV=O oxo, or intermediate LnIII/IV oxyl/oxo bond, depending on the accessibility of the tetravalent LnIV state. The hydrogen atom abstraction reactivity of the LnO2+ complexes to form unambiguously trivalent [LnIII(OH)(NO3)3]-  reveals the nature of the oxide bond. The result of slower reactivity of PrO2+ versus TbO2+ is considered to indicate higher stability of the tetravalent praseodymium-oxo, PrIV=O, versus TbIV=O. This is the first report of PrIV as more stable than TbIV, which is discussed with respect to ionization potentials, standard electrode potentials, atomic promotion energies, and oxo bond covalency via 4f and/or 5d orbital participation.Chapter 4. The gas-phase preparation, isolation, and reactivity of a series of organolanthanides featuring the Ln-CH3 bond is reported. The complexes are formed by decarboxylating anionic lanthanide acetates to form trivalent [LnIII(CH3) (CH3CO2)3]- , divalent [EuII(CH3) (CH3CO2)2]- , and the first examples of tetravalent organocerium complexes featuring CelV-Calkyl σ-bonds: [CeIV (O) (CH3) (CH3CO2)2]-  and [CeIV (O) (CH3) (NO3)2]- . Attempts to isolate PrIV-CH3 and TbIV-CH3 were unsuccessful, however, fragmentation patterns reveal the oxidation of LnIII to a LnIV-oxo- acetate complex is more favorable for praseodymium than terbium. The rate of Ln-CH3 hydrolysis is a measure of bond stability, and it decreases from LaIII-CH3 to LuIII-CH3, with increasing steric crowding for smaller Ln stabilizing the harder Ln-CH3 bond against hydrolysis. [EuII(CH3) (CH3CO2)2]-  engages in much faster hydrolysis versus LnIII-CH3. The surprising observation of similar hydrolysis rates for CeIV-CH3 and CIII-CH3 is discussed with respect to sterics, the oxo ligand, and bond covalency in σ-bonded organolanthanides.
일반주제명  
Chemistry
일반주제명  
Inorganic chemistry
일반주제명  
Physical chemistry
일반주제명  
Analytical chemistry
키워드  
Bonding
키워드  
Covalency
키워드  
Kinetics
키워드  
Lanthanides
키워드  
Mass spectrometry
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Chemistry
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a540
■1001  ▼aShafi,  Ziad.
■24510▼aLanthanide  Complexes  Featuring  Terminal  Oxo  and  Methyl  Ligands:  How  Covalency,  Redox,  and  Sterics  Impact  Stability  of  Lanthanide  Bonding
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a129  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Gibson,  John  K.;Arnold,  John.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2024.
■520    ▼aChapter  1.  Motivations  and  techniques  used  for  studying  lanthanide-ligand  bonding  are  presented.  Lanthanides  are  critical  materials  that  face  significant  challenges  in  their  extraction  and  separation.  The  role  of  redox,  covalency,  and  sterics  in  controlling  lanthanide  bond  stability  is  summarized.  Gas-phase  methods  are  demonstrated  as  advantageous  to  probing  reactive  and  unstable  complexes,  such  as  lanthanide  complexes  explored  in  this  work.  Mass  spectrometers  equipped  with  electrospray  and  ion  traps  are  introduced  as  instruments  with  the  ability  to  isolate,  synthesize,  and  probe  reactivity  of  novel  lanthanide  complexes,  offering  insight  into  the  nature  of  lanthanide-ligand  bonding  for  improving  separations  efforts.Chapter  2.  The  gas-phase  preparation,  isolation,  and  reactivity  of  a  series  of  lanthanide  complexes  featuring  the  elusive  LnIII=O  bond  is  reported.  The  [LnIII  (O)(X)2]-   complexes  (X  =  NO3-   or  CH3CO2- )  are  prepared  from  [LnIII  (CH3CO2)  (X)3]-   precursors  through  decarboxylation  followed  by  either  nitromethane  or  acetone  elimination.  The  lanthanide-oxo  complexes  are  all  observed  to  hydrolyze,  the  rate  being  a  measure  of  LnIII=O  bond  stability.  Rates  of  hydrolysis  for  [LnIII(O)  (NO3)2]-   are  essentially  invariant,  whereas  the  rates  of  hydrolysis  for  [LnIII  (O)  (CH3CO2)2]-   exhibit  a  moderate  monotonic  decrease  across  the  lanthanide  series.  Reaction  kinetics  are  discussed  with  respect  to  factors  controlling  f-element-oxo  bond  hydrolysis,  such  as  participation  of  5d2  electrons,  changes  in  covalency  via  variations  in  5d  orbital  energies  and  radial  extensions,  and  steric  crowding  around  the  lanthanide  centers.  The  fast  hydrolysis  rates  and  their  lack  of  correlation  to  electronic  and  qualitative  covalent  considerations  confirm  the  expected  strong  polarization  in  LnIII=O  bonding,  with  variations  in  covalency  having  minimal  impact  on  reactivity.Chapter  3.  The  gas-phase  preparation,  isolation,  and  reactivity  of  lanthanide-oxide  nitrate  complexes  [Ln(O)  (NO3)3]- ,  featuring  the  LnO2+  moiety,  is  reported.  These  complexes  are  prepared  from  [Ln(NO3)4]-   precursors  (LnIII=  Ce,  Pr,  Nd,  Sm,  Tb,  Dy)  through  nitrate  decomposition.  The  LnO2+  moiety  within  [Ln(O)  (NO3)3]-   features  a  LnIII-O.oxyl,  LnIV=O  oxo,  or  intermediate  LnIII/IV  oxyl/oxo  bond,  depending  on  the  accessibility  of  the  tetravalent  LnIV  state.  The  hydrogen  atom  abstraction  reactivity  of  the  LnO2+  complexes  to  form  unambiguously  trivalent  [LnIII(OH)(NO3)3]-   reveals  the  nature  of  the  oxide  bond.  The  result  of  slower  reactivity  of  PrO2+  versus  TbO2+  is  considered  to  indicate  higher  stability  of  the  tetravalent  praseodymium-oxo,  PrIV=O,  versus  TbIV=O.  This  is  the  first  report  of  PrIV  as  more  stable  than  TbIV,  which  is  discussed  with  respect  to  ionization  potentials,  standard  electrode  potentials,  atomic  promotion  energies,  and  oxo  bond  covalency  via  4f  and/or  5d  orbital  participation.Chapter  4.  The  gas-phase  preparation,  isolation,  and  reactivity  of  a  series  of  organolanthanides  featuring  the  Ln-CH3  bond  is  reported.  The  complexes  are  formed  by  decarboxylating  anionic  lanthanide  acetates  to  form  trivalent  [LnIII(CH3)  (CH3CO2)3]- ,  divalent  [EuII(CH3)  (CH3CO2)2]- ,  and  the  first  examples  of  tetravalent  organocerium  complexes  featuring  CelV-Calkyl  σ-bonds:  [CeIV  (O)  (CH3)  (CH3CO2)2]-   and  [CeIV  (O)  (CH3)  (NO3)2]- .  Attempts  to  isolate  PrIV-CH3  and  TbIV-CH3  were  unsuccessful,  however,  fragmentation  patterns  reveal  the  oxidation  of  LnIII  to  a  LnIV-oxo-  acetate  complex  is  more  favorable  for  praseodymium  than  terbium.  The  rate  of  Ln-CH3  hydrolysis  is  a  measure  of  bond  stability,  and  it  decreases  from  LaIII-CH3  to  LuIII-CH3,  with  increasing  steric  crowding  for  smaller  Ln  stabilizing  the  harder  Ln-CH3  bond  against  hydrolysis.  [EuII(CH3)  (CH3CO2)2]-   engages  in  much  faster  hydrolysis  versus  LnIII-CH3.  The  surprising  observation  of  similar  hydrolysis  rates  for  CeIV-CH3  and  CIII-CH3  is  discussed  with  respect  to  sterics,  the  oxo  ligand,  and  bond  covalency  in  σ-bonded  organolanthanides.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aChemistry
■650  4▼aInorganic  chemistry
■650  4▼aPhysical  chemistry
■650  4▼aAnalytical  chemistry
■653    ▼aBonding
■653    ▼aCovalency
■653    ▼aKinetics
■653    ▼aLanthanides
■653    ▼aMass  spectrometry
■690    ▼a0485
■690    ▼a0488
■690    ▼a0494
■690    ▼a0486
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bChemistry.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-04B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161720▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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