서브메뉴
검색
Essays in Labor Economics and Postsecondary Education
Essays in Labor Economics and Postsecondary Education
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211151148
- ISBN
- 9798382630991
- DDC
- 320
- 서명/저자
- Essays in Labor Economics and Postsecondary Education
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 164 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: A.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Hemelt, Steven W.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약In Chapter 1 I investigate the supply of college majors and how this facet of institutional behavior influences student outcomes and costs in higher education. As a first contribution, I identify a decades-long trend in 4-year postsecondary education in the United States-the production of bachelor's degrees measured by their concentration across majors has diversified significantly over time. I document this pattern in multiple data sources and determine that within-college expansion of program options is a key driver of the trend. Isomorphic tendencies and colleges' acute attention to their close peer institutions provide the most consistent explanation for the way colleges have accommodated increasing demand for a bachelor's degree over time. I furthermore show that major diversification led to an increase in average instructional costs per student. This increase stemmed from spillovers within institutions as students shifted enrollment away from some pre-existing majors and into new and related programs. However, I also find major diversification increased 6-year graduation rates, suggesting students may sort more effectively across majors when more options are available. This highlights an important trade-off for colleges: increased costs for a more diverse set of major options can attract and retain more potential graduates.In Chapter 2 I estimate the labor supply effects of expanding Income-driven repayment (IDR) plan options for student loan borrowers in the the United States (US). Using two cohorts of former college students and detailed longitudinal data on employment, earnings, and student loan histories I show borrowers exposed to the 2009 IDR expansion were subsequently 2.1 percentage points more likely to be employed than a comparison group of similar bachelor's degree recipients. These employment effects led to significant and positive changes near the middle of the monthly earnings distribution, suggesting the marginal borrowers moved into stable employment. The effects were also stronger among borrowers with lower test scores and those more at-risk of non-payment highlighting the insurance aspects of IDR. Weekly hours worked and hourly wages did not markedly change when new IDR plans were introduced, but these aggregate effects mask heterogeneity across race - hourly wages for Black borrowers increased by 5 to 6 percent in both the 2009 and 2015 expansions compared to Black individuals in comparison groups. Taken together, these results underscore IDR's ability to re-align some labor market distortions brought on by student debt.Finally, in Chapter 3 I build upon recent work highlighting the responsiveness of college investment to changes in employer demand for different skills. I clarify how much of this response is driven by students sorting into higher-demand fields at college entry or from changes to majors once enrolled. Attributing response to these margins can help colleges target resources and information to align investments in times of need (e.g., a shortage) and sharpen our collective understanding of how students weigh career prospects in their educational decisions. Using micro-data from the University of North Carolina 4-year college system (UNC) I show labor market demand responsiveness stems mainly from initial sorting of students into their first major choices, with an enrollment elasticity greater than three. This response is driven by transfer students and women. Completed degree elasticities for the full sample fall closer to two, suggesting a drop-off in response on the intensive within-school margin. I attribute this to two things. First, students who initially sorted into high-demand majors were less likely to complete their degree in five years, more likely to stop out, and accumulated fewer credits than other students. They were also significantly less likely to change their majors. Second, major changing, while positively related to degree completion, is not aligned with labor demand shocks, meaning students change to lower-demand majors, on average.
- 일반주제명
- Public policy
- 일반주제명
- Higher education
- 일반주제명
- Education finance
- 키워드
- College costs
- 키워드
- Labor demand
- 키워드
- Labor markets
- 키워드
- Labor supply
- 키워드
- Student loans
- 기타저자
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Public Policy
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11A.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
008250123s2024 us c eng d■001000017161004
■00520250211151148
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798382630991
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31235266
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a320
■1001 ▼aConzelmann, Johnathan Gage.
■24510▼aEssays in Labor Economics and Postsecondary Education
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a164 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: A.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Hemelt, Steven W.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2024.
■520 ▼aIn Chapter 1 I investigate the supply of college majors and how this facet of institutional behavior influences student outcomes and costs in higher education. As a first contribution, I identify a decades-long trend in 4-year postsecondary education in the United States-the production of bachelor's degrees measured by their concentration across majors has diversified significantly over time. I document this pattern in multiple data sources and determine that within-college expansion of program options is a key driver of the trend. Isomorphic tendencies and colleges' acute attention to their close peer institutions provide the most consistent explanation for the way colleges have accommodated increasing demand for a bachelor's degree over time. I furthermore show that major diversification led to an increase in average instructional costs per student. This increase stemmed from spillovers within institutions as students shifted enrollment away from some pre-existing majors and into new and related programs. However, I also find major diversification increased 6-year graduation rates, suggesting students may sort more effectively across majors when more options are available. This highlights an important trade-off for colleges: increased costs for a more diverse set of major options can attract and retain more potential graduates.In Chapter 2 I estimate the labor supply effects of expanding Income-driven repayment (IDR) plan options for student loan borrowers in the the United States (US). Using two cohorts of former college students and detailed longitudinal data on employment, earnings, and student loan histories I show borrowers exposed to the 2009 IDR expansion were subsequently 2.1 percentage points more likely to be employed than a comparison group of similar bachelor's degree recipients. These employment effects led to significant and positive changes near the middle of the monthly earnings distribution, suggesting the marginal borrowers moved into stable employment. The effects were also stronger among borrowers with lower test scores and those more at-risk of non-payment highlighting the insurance aspects of IDR. Weekly hours worked and hourly wages did not markedly change when new IDR plans were introduced, but these aggregate effects mask heterogeneity across race - hourly wages for Black borrowers increased by 5 to 6 percent in both the 2009 and 2015 expansions compared to Black individuals in comparison groups. Taken together, these results underscore IDR's ability to re-align some labor market distortions brought on by student debt.Finally, in Chapter 3 I build upon recent work highlighting the responsiveness of college investment to changes in employer demand for different skills. I clarify how much of this response is driven by students sorting into higher-demand fields at college entry or from changes to majors once enrolled. Attributing response to these margins can help colleges target resources and information to align investments in times of need (e.g., a shortage) and sharpen our collective understanding of how students weigh career prospects in their educational decisions. Using micro-data from the University of North Carolina 4-year college system (UNC) I show labor market demand responsiveness stems mainly from initial sorting of students into their first major choices, with an enrollment elasticity greater than three. This response is driven by transfer students and women. Completed degree elasticities for the full sample fall closer to two, suggesting a drop-off in response on the intensive within-school margin. I attribute this to two things. First, students who initially sorted into high-demand majors were less likely to complete their degree in five years, more likely to stop out, and accumulated fewer credits than other students. They were also significantly less likely to change their majors. Second, major changing, while positively related to degree completion, is not aligned with labor demand shocks, meaning students change to lower-demand majors, on average.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0153.
■650 4▼aPublic policy
■650 4▼aHigher education
■650 4▼aEducation finance
■653 ▼aCollege costs
■653 ▼aLabor demand
■653 ▼aLabor markets
■653 ▼aLabor supply
■653 ▼aStudent loans
■690 ▼a0630
■690 ▼a0510
■690 ▼a0745
■690 ▼a0277
■71020▼aThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill▼bPublic Policy.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g85-11A.
■790 ▼a0153
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161004▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


