본문

서브메뉴

Essays in Labor Economics and Postsecondary Education
Essays in Labor Economics and Postsecondary Education
Essays in Labor Economics and Postsecondary Education

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151148
ISBN  
9798382630991
DDC  
320
저자명  
Conzelmann, Johnathan Gage.
서명/저자  
Essays in Labor Economics and Postsecondary Education
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
164 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hemelt, Steven W.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약In Chapter 1 I investigate the supply of college majors and how this facet of institutional behavior influences student outcomes and costs in higher education. As a first contribution, I identify a decades-long trend in 4-year postsecondary education in the United States-the production of bachelor's degrees measured by their concentration across majors has diversified significantly over time. I document this pattern in multiple data sources and determine that within-college expansion of program options is a key driver of the trend. Isomorphic tendencies and colleges' acute attention to their close peer institutions provide the most consistent explanation for the way colleges have accommodated increasing demand for a bachelor's degree over time. I furthermore show that major diversification led to an increase in average instructional costs per student. This increase stemmed from spillovers within institutions as students shifted enrollment away from some pre-existing majors and into new and related programs. However, I also find major diversification increased 6-year graduation rates, suggesting students may sort more effectively across majors when more options are available. This highlights an important trade-off for colleges: increased costs for a more diverse set of major options can attract and retain more potential graduates.In Chapter 2 I estimate the labor supply effects of expanding Income-driven repayment (IDR) plan options for student loan borrowers in the the United States (US). Using two cohorts of former college students and detailed longitudinal data on employment, earnings, and student loan histories I show borrowers exposed to the 2009 IDR expansion were subsequently 2.1 percentage points more likely to be employed than a comparison group of similar bachelor's degree recipients. These employment effects led to significant and positive changes near the middle of the monthly earnings distribution, suggesting the marginal borrowers moved into stable employment. The effects were also stronger among borrowers with lower test scores and those more at-risk of non-payment highlighting the insurance aspects of IDR. Weekly hours worked and hourly wages did not markedly change when new IDR plans were introduced, but these aggregate effects mask heterogeneity across race - hourly wages for Black borrowers increased by 5 to 6 percent in both the 2009 and 2015 expansions compared to Black individuals in comparison groups. Taken together, these results underscore IDR's ability to re-align some labor market distortions brought on by student debt.Finally, in Chapter 3 I build upon recent work highlighting the responsiveness of college investment to changes in employer demand for different skills. I clarify how much of this response is driven by students sorting into higher-demand fields at college entry or from changes to majors once enrolled. Attributing response to these margins can help colleges target resources and information to align investments in times of need (e.g., a shortage) and sharpen our collective understanding of how students weigh career prospects in their educational decisions. Using micro-data from the University of North Carolina 4-year college system (UNC) I show labor market demand responsiveness stems mainly from initial sorting of students into their first major choices, with an enrollment elasticity greater than three. This response is driven by transfer students and women. Completed degree elasticities for the full sample fall closer to two, suggesting a drop-off in response on the intensive within-school margin. I attribute this to two things. First, students who initially sorted into high-demand majors were less likely to complete their degree in five years, more likely to stop out, and accumulated fewer credits than other students. They were also significantly less likely to change their majors. Second, major changing, while positively related to degree completion, is not aligned with labor demand shocks, meaning students change to lower-demand majors, on average.
일반주제명  
Public policy
일반주제명  
Higher education
일반주제명  
Education finance
키워드  
College costs
키워드  
Labor demand
키워드  
Labor markets
키워드  
Labor supply
키워드  
Student loans
기타저자  
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Public Policy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

 008250123s2024        us                              c    eng  d
■001000017161004
■00520250211151148
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798382630991
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31235266
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a320
■1001  ▼aConzelmann,  Johnathan  Gage.
■24510▼aEssays  in  Labor  Economics  and  Postsecondary  Education
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a164  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-11,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hemelt,  Steven  W.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill,  2024.
■520    ▼aIn  Chapter  1  I  investigate  the  supply  of  college  majors  and  how  this  facet  of  institutional  behavior  influences  student  outcomes  and  costs  in  higher  education.  As  a  first  contribution,  I  identify  a  decades-long  trend  in  4-year  postsecondary  education  in  the  United  States-the  production  of  bachelor's  degrees  measured  by  their  concentration  across  majors  has  diversified  significantly  over  time.  I  document  this  pattern  in  multiple  data  sources  and  determine  that  within-college  expansion  of  program  options  is  a  key  driver  of  the  trend.  Isomorphic  tendencies  and  colleges'  acute  attention  to  their  close  peer  institutions  provide  the  most  consistent  explanation  for  the  way  colleges  have  accommodated  increasing  demand  for  a  bachelor's  degree  over  time.  I  furthermore  show  that  major  diversification  led  to  an  increase  in  average  instructional  costs  per  student.  This  increase  stemmed  from  spillovers  within  institutions  as  students  shifted  enrollment  away  from  some  pre-existing  majors  and  into  new  and  related  programs.  However,  I  also  find  major  diversification  increased  6-year  graduation  rates,  suggesting  students  may  sort  more  effectively  across  majors  when  more  options  are  available.  This  highlights  an  important  trade-off  for  colleges:  increased  costs  for  a  more  diverse  set  of  major  options  can  attract  and  retain  more  potential  graduates.In  Chapter  2  I  estimate  the  labor  supply  effects  of  expanding  Income-driven  repayment  (IDR)  plan  options  for  student  loan  borrowers  in  the  the  United  States  (US).  Using  two  cohorts  of  former  college  students  and  detailed  longitudinal  data  on  employment,  earnings,  and  student  loan  histories  I  show  borrowers  exposed  to  the  2009  IDR  expansion  were  subsequently  2.1  percentage  points  more  likely  to  be  employed  than  a  comparison  group  of  similar  bachelor's  degree  recipients.  These  employment  effects  led  to  significant  and  positive  changes  near  the  middle  of  the  monthly  earnings  distribution,  suggesting  the  marginal  borrowers  moved  into  stable  employment.  The  effects  were  also  stronger  among  borrowers  with  lower  test  scores  and  those  more  at-risk  of  non-payment  highlighting  the  insurance  aspects  of  IDR.  Weekly  hours  worked  and  hourly  wages  did  not  markedly  change  when  new  IDR  plans  were  introduced,  but  these  aggregate  effects  mask  heterogeneity  across  race  -  hourly  wages  for  Black  borrowers  increased  by  5  to  6  percent  in  both  the  2009  and  2015  expansions  compared  to  Black  individuals  in  comparison  groups.  Taken  together,  these  results  underscore  IDR's  ability  to  re-align  some  labor  market  distortions  brought  on  by  student  debt.Finally,  in  Chapter  3  I  build  upon  recent  work  highlighting  the  responsiveness  of  college  investment  to  changes  in  employer  demand  for  different  skills.  I  clarify  how  much  of  this  response  is  driven  by  students  sorting  into  higher-demand  fields  at  college  entry  or  from  changes  to  majors  once  enrolled.  Attributing  response  to  these  margins  can  help  colleges  target  resources  and  information  to  align  investments  in  times  of  need  (e.g.,  a  shortage)  and  sharpen  our  collective  understanding  of  how  students  weigh  career  prospects  in  their  educational  decisions.  Using  micro-data  from  the  University  of  North  Carolina  4-year  college  system  (UNC)  I  show  labor  market  demand  responsiveness  stems  mainly  from  initial  sorting  of  students  into  their  first  major  choices,  with  an  enrollment  elasticity  greater  than  three.  This  response  is  driven  by  transfer  students  and  women.  Completed  degree  elasticities  for  the  full  sample  fall  closer  to  two,  suggesting  a  drop-off  in  response  on  the  intensive  within-school  margin.  I  attribute  this  to  two  things.  First,  students  who  initially  sorted  into  high-demand  majors  were  less  likely  to  complete  their  degree  in  five  years,  more  likely  to  stop  out,  and  accumulated  fewer  credits  than  other  students.  They  were  also  significantly  less  likely  to  change  their  majors.  Second,  major  changing,  while  positively  related  to  degree  completion,  is  not  aligned  with  labor  demand  shocks,  meaning  students  change  to  lower-demand  majors,  on  average.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0153.
■650  4▼aPublic  policy
■650  4▼aHigher  education
■650  4▼aEducation  finance
■653    ▼aCollege  costs
■653    ▼aLabor  demand
■653    ▼aLabor  markets
■653    ▼aLabor  supply
■653    ▼aStudent  loans
■690    ▼a0630
■690    ▼a0510
■690    ▼a0745
■690    ▼a0277
■71020▼aThe  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill▼bPublic  Policy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-11A.
■790    ▼a0153
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161004▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

미리보기

내보내기

chatGPT토론

Ai 추천 관련 도서


    신착도서 더보기
    최근 3년간 통계입니다.

    소장정보

    • 예약
    • 소재불명신고
    • 나의폴더
    • 우선정리요청
    • 비도서대출신청
    • 야간 도서대출신청
    소장자료
    등록번호 청구기호 소장처 대출가능여부 대출정보
    TF11406 전자도서 대출가능 마이폴더 부재도서신고 비도서대출신청 야간 도서대출신청

    * 대출중인 자료에 한하여 예약이 가능합니다. 예약을 원하시면 예약버튼을 클릭하십시오.

    해당 도서를 다른 이용자가 함께 대출한 도서

    관련 인기도서

    로그인 후 이용 가능합니다.