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Observations and Theories: Cognitive Mechanisms of Discovery
Observations and Theories: Cognitive Mechanisms of Discovery
Observations and Theories: Cognitive Mechanisms of Discovery

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152019
ISBN  
9798384295952
DDC  
153
저자명  
Dubova, Marina.
서명/저자  
Observations and Theories: Cognitive Mechanisms of Discovery
발행사항  
[Sl] : Indiana University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
478 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Goldstone, Robert L.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation research lies at the intersection of cognitive science, psychology, machine learning, and philosophy, aiming to enhance our understanding of how theories and data are-and should be-integrated to arrive at understandings of the world. In the first part, I empirically examine how our everyday concepts and theories shape our perception of the world. I further investigate the impact of scientific conceptual systems, such as the taxonomy of brain regions, on scientific experimentation. I conclude this part by conducting a computational study examining the effectiveness of different theory-motivated experimentation strategies at guiding agents towards useful theories of the world. In the second part, I explore the construction of theories based on observations, emphasizing the human and scientific bias towards relatively simple representations. I critique this preference for simpler accounts and introduce the concept of learning with excess capacity, or a complexity bias, as an alternative approach that allows learning systems to develop useful representations of the world in many contexts. Then, I build on this insight to re-examine the principle of model parsimony in science, identifying contexts where the preference for simpler scientific models could either facilitate or impede scientific progress. The third part broadens the scope by analyzing social aspects that influence the emergence and evolution of useful concepts in a community of interacting agents. Here, I identify the conditions that promote the development of stable communicative conventions, including the role of social network structure, supervision, and the strategy of starting small and gradually expanding one's vocabulary. Finally, in part four I reflect on the mutual interactions between concepts and observations in science by drawing insights from empirical research on human concept learning and conceptual influences on human perception. I conclude by suggesting that progress in science can be facilitated by both empirical (with psychological experiments) and formal (with mathematical and computational models) examinations of the cognitive processes of observing and representing the world.
일반주제명  
Cognitive psychology
일반주제명  
Philosophy of science
키워드  
Active learning
키워드  
Cognitive science
키워드  
Concept learning
키워드  
Parsimony
키워드  
Representation learning
키워드  
Theory-building
기타저자  
Indiana University Cognitive Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31332082
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a153
■1001  ▼aDubova,  Marina.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-5264-0489
■24510▼aObservations  and  Theories:  Cognitive  Mechanisms  of  Discovery
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bIndiana  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a478  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Goldstone,  Robert  L.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Indiana  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  research  lies  at  the  intersection  of  cognitive  science,  psychology,  machine  learning,  and  philosophy,  aiming  to  enhance  our  understanding  of  how  theories  and  data  are-and  should  be-integrated  to  arrive  at  understandings  of  the  world.  In  the  first  part,  I  empirically  examine  how  our  everyday  concepts  and  theories  shape  our  perception  of  the  world.  I  further  investigate  the  impact  of  scientific  conceptual  systems,  such  as  the  taxonomy  of  brain  regions,  on  scientific  experimentation.  I  conclude  this  part  by  conducting  a  computational  study  examining  the  effectiveness  of  different  theory-motivated  experimentation  strategies  at  guiding  agents  towards  useful  theories  of  the  world.  In  the  second  part,  I  explore  the  construction  of  theories  based  on  observations,  emphasizing  the  human  and  scientific  bias  towards  relatively  simple  representations.  I  critique  this  preference  for  simpler  accounts  and  introduce  the  concept  of  learning  with  excess  capacity,  or  a  complexity  bias,  as  an  alternative  approach  that  allows  learning  systems  to  develop  useful  representations  of  the  world  in  many  contexts.  Then,  I  build  on  this  insight  to  re-examine  the  principle  of  model  parsimony  in  science,  identifying  contexts  where  the  preference  for  simpler  scientific  models  could  either  facilitate  or  impede  scientific  progress.  The  third  part  broadens  the  scope  by  analyzing  social  aspects  that  influence  the  emergence  and  evolution  of  useful  concepts  in  a  community  of  interacting  agents.  Here,  I  identify  the  conditions  that  promote  the  development  of  stable  communicative  conventions,  including  the  role  of  social  network  structure,  supervision,  and  the  strategy  of  starting  small  and  gradually  expanding  one's  vocabulary.  Finally,  in  part  four  I  reflect  on  the  mutual  interactions  between  concepts  and  observations  in  science  by  drawing  insights  from  empirical  research  on  human  concept  learning  and  conceptual  influences  on  human  perception.  I  conclude  by  suggesting  that  progress  in  science  can  be  facilitated  by  both  empirical  (with  psychological  experiments)  and  formal  (with  mathematical  and  computational  models)  examinations  of  the  cognitive  processes  of  observing  and  representing  the  world.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0093.
■650  4▼aCognitive  psychology
■650  4▼aPhilosophy  of  science
■653    ▼aActive  learning
■653    ▼aCognitive  science
■653    ▼aConcept  learning
■653    ▼aParsimony
■653    ▼aRepresentation  learning
■653    ▼aTheory-building
■690    ▼a0633
■690    ▼a0402
■690    ▼a0800
■71020▼aIndiana  University▼bCognitive  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0093
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162496▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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