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Equitable Infectious Disease Modeling for Data-Constrained Settings and Data-Overlooked Populations
Equitable Infectious Disease Modeling for Data-Constrained Settings and Data-Overlooked Po...
Equitable Infectious Disease Modeling for Data-Constrained Settings and Data-Overlooked Populations

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151452
ISBN  
9798382784502
DDC  
614.4
저자명  
Menkir, Tigist F.
서명/저자  
Equitable Infectious Disease Modeling for Data-Constrained Settings and Data-Overlooked Populations
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
155 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Buckee, Caroline.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약For infectious diseases, social factors have played a long-neglected yet crucial role in modifying infection risk, aggravating disease severity, and determining adverse health, social, and economic post-infection outcomes. This pattern has been observed in a range of settings and for a range of pathogens yet is often disregarded in efforts for risk identification, routine monitoring, forecasting, and intervention impact assessments. Furthermore, because of these social disparities and broader, country-level infrastructural and financial constraints, there has been considerable variation in the strength of infectious disease surveillance programs, where, for some areas, or within some populations, data are limited and statistical modeling efforts are scarce. Consequently, there are notable societal and geographic asymmetries in accurate and timely awareness of current and future trends. Such inequities in both infectious disease dynamics and in how effectively such dynamics are monitored are the subject of this dissertation.In Aim 1, we focused on the malaria monitoring program in Guyana and provided a straightforward and readily translatable tool for estimating current disease incidence ('nowcasting') in malaria endemic regions using easily accessed information on prior trends in timeliness. First, to better understand the reporting landscape and inform our nowcasting models, we evaluated potential spatial and time trends in delays in reporting regional malaria cases to the national surveillance office, as well as their possible climatic and demographic cofactors, such as rainfall and the presence of mining sites and Amerindian settlements, two socially disadvantaged populations. We found that the extent of reporting delays varied significantly across malaria endemic regions, although these patterns were relatively consistent over the study period. Additionally, we found evidence for a spatial overlap between high-delay areas and locations with a greater presence of mining communities and Amerindian settlements. For each region and month, we then developed flexible data imputation and network models to estimate that month's actual total caseload ('converged cases'). We observed that even the simplest models we implement more accurately estimate monthly converged cases; more detailed models incorporating additional information from other regions provided further, but not dramatic, improvements.In Aim 2, we provided a deterministic modeling framework for accounting for socio-economic differences in disease transmission, mortality, vaccination, and demographics. Specifically, we introduced an income quintile-stratified susceptible-infected-recovered-deceased model for measles applied to Ethiopia, parameterized with quintile-specific rates of birth, transmission, vaccination, and disease-induced and background mortality. We additionally assessed how population-wide immunization programs may differentially avert measles deaths across socio-economic groups and further identified strategies that are most equitable in their impacts. Given that directly relevant empirical information for parameterizing our model was not available to us, we conducted a series of scenario-based analyses to inform these measures. We additionally assessed how changing vaccination coverage across a range of strategies yielded differences in expected mortality proportions for each quintile. Finally, we quantified measles mortality disparities under the different immunization strategies, finding that those leading to the greatest reduction in measles mortality disparities slightly varied under this outcome metric.In Aim 3, we turned to the COVID-19 pandemic, looking specifically at quality of life with long-term sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this aim, we addressed gaps in the literature on 1) evaluating the relative role of social correlates, namely educational attainment, employment status, and sex, compared to clinical comorbidities in shaping quality-adjusted life days with post-COVID condition ('long COVID QALDs') and 2) quantifying the extent to which the adjusted associations between social factors and long COVID QALDs can be attributed to mediation by major long COVID-predicting clinical comorbidities. To do so, we employed a large, multi-country dataset from a longitudinal COVID-19 follow up study, focusing on the following locations: Norway, the United Kingdom (UK), and Russia. We found that in addition to age and the clinical factors neurological, psychological, and rheumatological conditions, employment status, educational attainment, and female sex were some of the leading predictors of long COVID QALDs. We additionally found evidence to suggest that most of the relationships between each of these social factors and long COVID QALDs were unexplained by the clinical intermediates, a pattern that was observed consistently across cohorts. Thus, we can conclude that factors not under consideration, such as broader societal and structural vulnerabilities, may be just as important in shaping these social disparities and merit increased attention in long COVID-targeting efforts.Through our three aims, we strove to design adaptable methods for tracking the trajectories and impacts of various infectious diseases in diverse contexts where overall data quality is significantly compromised and auxiliary 'big data' resources are unavailable, or where important within-population differences in health experiences are underemphasized. Importantly, our models developed for resource-constrained settings facilitate active user buy-in and integration as they can be tailored to context-specific characteristics and are readily implementable. As such, they may serve to support community-centered and community-led epidemiological programs.
일반주제명  
Epidemiology
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Health sciences
일반주제명  
Biostatistics
키워드  
Equity
키워드  
Ethiopia
키워드  
Infectious disease modeling
키워드  
Infectious disease surveillance
키워드  
Malaria
기타저자  
Harvard University Population Health Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aMenkir,  Tigist  F.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-6070-8017
■24510▼aEquitable  Infectious  Disease  Modeling  for  Data-Constrained  Settings  and  Data-Overlooked  Populations
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a155  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Buckee,  Caroline.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aFor  infectious  diseases,  social  factors  have  played  a  long-neglected  yet  crucial  role  in  modifying  infection  risk,  aggravating  disease  severity,  and  determining  adverse  health,  social,  and  economic  post-infection  outcomes.  This  pattern  has  been  observed  in  a  range  of  settings  and  for  a  range  of  pathogens  yet  is  often  disregarded  in  efforts  for  risk  identification,  routine  monitoring,  forecasting,  and  intervention  impact  assessments.  Furthermore,  because  of  these  social  disparities  and  broader,  country-level  infrastructural  and  financial  constraints,  there  has  been  considerable  variation  in  the  strength  of  infectious  disease  surveillance  programs,  where,  for  some  areas,  or  within  some  populations,  data  are  limited  and  statistical  modeling  efforts  are  scarce.  Consequently,  there  are  notable  societal  and  geographic  asymmetries  in  accurate  and  timely  awareness  of  current  and  future  trends.  Such  inequities  in  both  infectious  disease  dynamics  and  in  how  effectively  such  dynamics  are  monitored  are  the  subject  of  this  dissertation.In  Aim  1,  we  focused  on  the  malaria  monitoring  program  in  Guyana  and  provided  a  straightforward  and  readily  translatable  tool  for  estimating  current  disease  incidence  ('nowcasting')  in  malaria  endemic  regions  using  easily  accessed  information  on  prior  trends  in  timeliness.  First,  to  better  understand  the  reporting  landscape  and  inform  our  nowcasting  models,  we  evaluated  potential  spatial  and  time  trends  in  delays  in  reporting  regional  malaria  cases  to  the  national  surveillance  office,  as  well  as  their  possible  climatic  and  demographic  cofactors,  such  as  rainfall  and  the  presence  of  mining  sites  and  Amerindian  settlements,  two  socially  disadvantaged  populations.  We  found  that  the  extent  of  reporting  delays  varied  significantly  across  malaria endemic  regions,  although  these  patterns  were  relatively  consistent  over  the  study  period.  Additionally,  we  found  evidence  for  a  spatial  overlap  between  high-delay  areas  and  locations  with  a  greater  presence  of  mining  communities  and  Amerindian  settlements.  For  each  region  and  month,  we  then  developed  flexible  data  imputation  and  network  models  to  estimate  that  month's  actual  total  caseload  ('converged  cases').  We  observed  that  even  the  simplest  models  we  implement  more  accurately  estimate  monthly  converged  cases;  more  detailed  models  incorporating  additional  information  from  other  regions  provided  further,  but  not  dramatic,  improvements.In  Aim  2,  we  provided  a  deterministic  modeling  framework  for  accounting  for  socio-economic  differences  in  disease  transmission,  mortality,  vaccination,  and  demographics.  Specifically,  we  introduced  an  income  quintile-stratified  susceptible-infected-recovered-deceased  model  for  measles  applied  to  Ethiopia,  parameterized  with  quintile-specific  rates  of  birth,  transmission,  vaccination,  and  disease-induced  and  background  mortality.  We  additionally  assessed  how  population-wide  immunization  programs  may  differentially  avert  measles  deaths  across  socio-economic  groups  and  further  identified  strategies  that  are  most  equitable  in  their  impacts.  Given  that  directly  relevant  empirical  information  for  parameterizing  our  model  was  not  available  to  us,  we  conducted  a  series  of  scenario-based  analyses  to  inform  these  measures.  We  additionally  assessed  how  changing  vaccination  coverage  across  a  range  of  strategies  yielded  differences  in  expected  mortality  proportions  for  each  quintile.  Finally,  we  quantified  measles  mortality  disparities  under  the  different  immunization  strategies,  finding  that  those  leading  to  the  greatest  reduction  in  measles  mortality  disparities  slightly  varied  under  this  outcome  metric.In  Aim  3,  we  turned  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  looking  specifically  at  quality  of  life  with  long-term  sequelae  following  SARS-CoV-2  infection.  In  this  aim,  we  addressed  gaps  in  the literature  on  1)  evaluating  the  relative  role  of  social  correlates,  namely  educational  attainment,  employment  status,  and  sex,  compared  to  clinical  comorbidities  in  shaping  quality-adjusted  life  days  with  post-COVID  condition  ('long  COVID  QALDs')  and  2)  quantifying  the  extent  to  which  the  adjusted  associations  between  social  factors  and  long  COVID  QALDs  can  be  attributed  to  mediation  by  major  long  COVID-predicting  clinical  comorbidities.  To  do  so,  we  employed  a  large,  multi-country  dataset  from  a  longitudinal  COVID-19  follow  up  study,  focusing  on  the  following  locations:  Norway,  the  United  Kingdom  (UK),  and  Russia.  We  found  that  in  addition  to  age  and  the  clinical  factors  neurological,  psychological,  and  rheumatological  conditions,  employment  status,  educational  attainment,  and  female  sex  were  some  of  the  leading  predictors  of  long  COVID  QALDs.  We  additionally  found  evidence  to  suggest  that  most  of  the  relationships  between  each  of  these  social  factors  and  long  COVID  QALDs  were  unexplained  by  the  clinical  intermediates,  a  pattern  that  was  observed  consistently  across  cohorts.  Thus,  we  can  conclude  that  factors  not  under  consideration,  such  as  broader  societal  and  structural  vulnerabilities,  may  be  just  as  important  in  shaping  these  social  disparities  and  merit  increased  attention  in  long  COVID-targeting  efforts.Through  our  three  aims,  we  strove  to  design  adaptable  methods  for  tracking  the  trajectories  and  impacts  of  various  infectious  diseases  in  diverse  contexts  where  overall  data  quality  is  significantly  compromised  and  auxiliary  'big  data'  resources  are  unavailable,  or  where  important  within-population  differences  in  health  experiences  are  underemphasized.  Importantly,  our  models  developed  for  resource-constrained  settings  facilitate  active  user  buy-in  and  integration  as  they  can  be  tailored  to  context-specific  characteristics  and  are  readily  implementable.  As  such,  they  may  serve  to  support  community-centered  and  community-led  epidemiological  programs.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aEpidemiology
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aHealth  sciences
■650  4▼aBiostatistics
■653    ▼aEquity
■653    ▼aEthiopia
■653    ▼aInfectious  disease  modeling
■653    ▼aInfectious  disease  surveillance
■653    ▼aMalaria
■690    ▼a0766
■690    ▼a0573
■690    ▼a0566
■690    ▼a0308
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bPopulation  Health  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161843▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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