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Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Exploration and Information Seeking Under Uncertainty
Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Exploration and Information Seeking Under Uncertainty
Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Exploration and Information Seeking Under Uncertainty

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151452
ISBN  
9798382776941
DDC  
152
저자명  
Fan, Haoxue.
서명/저자  
Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Exploration and Information Seeking Under Uncertainty
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
172 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Phelps, Elizabeth A.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Effective exploration and information-seeking are crucial to reduce and navigate uncertainty in everyday life. This thesis aims to understand the cognitive basis of human's information-gathering behavior under uncertainty. On one hand, different kinds of uncertainty could prompt different strategies in information gathering. On the other hand, uncertainty is associated with varied, yet unpleasant, affective experiences including heightened physiological arousal, which could impair people's ability to make adaptive decisions and is especially worsened in psychopathology such as anxiety. The current body of work focuses on factors influencing information gathering behavior with a focus on characterizing individual differences as well as the influence of decision variables on the strategies people utilize.Chapters 1 and 2 examine human's exploratory behavior, which reflects a trade off between immediate reward and gaining information about the environment. Given the close link between anxiety and avoidance - which plausibly reflects insufficient exploration - I investigated the relationship between trait anxiety and exploration under volatility-induced uncertainty in Chapter 1. I first demonstrated that people use a hybrid of directed, random, and undirected exploration, which is sensitive to relative uncertainty, total uncertainty, and relative value respectively. I then mapped out the element-wise anxiety-exploration relationship and found that trait somatic anxiety - the propensity to experience physical symptoms of anxiety - is selectively associated with decreased directed exploration as well as decreased undirected exploration. Chapter 1 has also shown that somatic anxious individuals tend to underestimate relative uncertainty in the environment, providing a potential mechanism accounting for the negative link between somatic anxiety and directed exploration. Apart from trait factor, Chapter 2 examined the role of transitory physiological arousal - a state-level factor - in uncertainty-driven exploration. I used pupil size as a proxy of the locus coeruleus norepinephrinergic system activity, which plays an important role in arousal and has been consistently linked to both representing uncertainty and guiding learning under uncertainty. Chapter 2's data suggests that the pupil size encodes the total uncertainty in the environment, which is subsequently used to guide people's random exploration.Chapter 3 focuses on the act of information-seeking without the prospect of a reward, quantified using the amount of effort people are willing to expend. Specifically, I investigated whether risk and ambiguity, two forms of uncertainty that exert differential effects on decision-making, influences information-seeking behavior differently. The results suggest that people overall exhibit higher valuation of non-instrumental information under risk than ambiguity. In addition, people show distinct patterns within risk and ambiguity: people exert more effort in exchange of information if it resolves more uncertainty under risk, while are insensitive to the uncertainty level under ambiguity. Across three studies, this body of work demonstrates the versatility of exploration and information-seeking behavior, adding to the expanding literature on how affective and cognitive factors shape human information-gathering behavior.
일반주제명  
Experimental psychology
일반주제명  
Mental health
일반주제명  
Behavioral psychology
일반주제명  
Cognitive psychology
키워드  
Cognitive factors
키워드  
Ambiguity
키워드  
Uncertainty
키워드  
Anxiety
키워드  
Psychopathology
기타저자  
Harvard University Psychology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aFan,  Haoxue.▼0(orcid)0000-0003-3967-6457
■24510▼aCognitive  Mechanisms  Underlying  Exploration  and  Information  Seeking  Under  Uncertainty
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a172  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Phelps,  Elizabeth  A.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aEffective  exploration  and  information-seeking  are  crucial  to  reduce  and  navigate  uncertainty  in  everyday  life.  This  thesis  aims  to  understand  the  cognitive  basis  of  human's  information-gathering  behavior  under  uncertainty.  On  one  hand,  different  kinds  of  uncertainty  could  prompt  different  strategies  in  information  gathering.  On  the  other  hand,  uncertainty  is  associated  with  varied,  yet  unpleasant,  affective  experiences  including  heightened  physiological  arousal,  which  could  impair  people's  ability  to  make  adaptive  decisions  and  is  especially  worsened  in  psychopathology  such  as  anxiety.  The  current  body  of  work  focuses  on  factors  influencing  information  gathering  behavior  with  a  focus  on  characterizing  individual  differences  as  well  as  the  influence  of  decision  variables  on  the  strategies  people  utilize.Chapters  1  and  2  examine  human's  exploratory  behavior,  which  reflects  a  trade  off  between  immediate  reward  and  gaining  information  about  the  environment.  Given  the  close  link  between  anxiety  and  avoidance  -  which  plausibly  reflects  insufficient  exploration  -  I  investigated  the  relationship  between  trait  anxiety  and  exploration  under  volatility-induced  uncertainty  in  Chapter  1.  I  first  demonstrated  that  people  use  a  hybrid  of  directed,  random,  and  undirected  exploration,  which  is  sensitive  to  relative  uncertainty,  total  uncertainty,  and  relative  value  respectively.  I  then  mapped  out  the  element-wise  anxiety-exploration  relationship  and  found  that  trait  somatic  anxiety  -  the  propensity  to  experience  physical  symptoms  of  anxiety  -  is  selectively  associated  with  decreased  directed  exploration  as  well  as  decreased  undirected  exploration.  Chapter  1  has  also  shown  that  somatic  anxious  individuals  tend  to  underestimate  relative  uncertainty  in  the  environment,  providing  a  potential  mechanism  accounting  for  the  negative  link  between  somatic  anxiety  and  directed  exploration.  Apart  from  trait  factor,  Chapter  2  examined  the  role  of  transitory  physiological  arousal  -  a  state-level  factor  -  in  uncertainty-driven  exploration.  I  used  pupil  size  as  a  proxy  of  the  locus  coeruleus  norepinephrinergic  system  activity,  which  plays  an  important  role  in  arousal  and  has  been  consistently  linked  to  both  representing  uncertainty  and  guiding  learning  under  uncertainty.  Chapter  2's  data  suggests  that  the  pupil  size  encodes  the  total  uncertainty  in  the  environment,  which  is  subsequently  used  to  guide  people's  random  exploration.Chapter  3  focuses  on  the  act  of  information-seeking  without  the  prospect  of  a  reward,  quantified  using  the  amount  of  effort  people  are  willing  to  expend.  Specifically,  I  investigated  whether  risk  and  ambiguity,  two  forms  of  uncertainty  that  exert  differential  effects  on  decision-making,  influences  information-seeking  behavior  differently.  The  results  suggest  that  people  overall  exhibit  higher  valuation  of  non-instrumental  information  under  risk  than  ambiguity.  In  addition,  people  show  distinct  patterns  within  risk  and  ambiguity:  people  exert  more  effort  in  exchange  of  information  if  it  resolves  more  uncertainty  under  risk,  while  are  insensitive  to  the  uncertainty  level  under  ambiguity.  Across  three  studies,  this  body  of  work  demonstrates  the  versatility  of  exploration  and  information-seeking  behavior,  adding  to  the  expanding  literature  on  how  affective  and  cognitive  factors  shape  human  information-gathering  behavior.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aExperimental  psychology
■650  4▼aMental  health
■650  4▼aBehavioral  psychology
■650  4▼aCognitive  psychology
■653    ▼aCognitive  factors  
■653    ▼aAmbiguity
■653    ▼aUncertainty
■653    ▼aAnxiety
■653    ▼aPsychopathology  
■690    ▼a0623
■690    ▼a0633
■690    ▼a0347
■690    ▼a0384
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bPsychology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161846▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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