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Three Essays in the Economics of Education
Three Essays in the Economics of Education
Three Essays in the Economics of Education

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153018
ISBN  
9798384046141
DDC  
378.154
저자명  
Abourezk-Pinkstone, Hayley E.
서명/저자  
Three Essays in the Economics of Education
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
168 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Brown, Charles;Craig, Ashley.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation consists of three chapters that examine topics in the economics of education. Chapter 1 tests the impact of holding student loan debt on borrowers' post-schooling decisions, with a focus on how it changes the way they evaluate risks when choosing between jobs. Chapter 2 analyzes the impact of an expansion of public-school choice in California on how families sort across schools. Chapter 3 studies the effects of colleges eliminating their application fees, including how it affects applications, enrollment, persistence, and the college's competitor institutions. Broadly, these chapters explore themes around how education is distributed and financed across individuals, what barriers to educational access exist that might reduce efficiency or equity, and how we might evaluate policies that attempt to mitigate these barriers.In Chapter 1, "Student Loan Debt and Risk Preferences on the Job Market", I examine how student loan debt impacts the way that individuals evaluate trade-offs between risk and expected pay when choosing between jobs. I test this relationship directly using a hypothetical choice survey experiment on recent 4-year college graduates in the U.S. In this experiment, I compare participants' risk preferences over jobs at baseline with their preferences over jobs after a random, hypothetical debt shock. I find that an increase in student loan debt has little effect on average on the way individuals make trade-offs between risk and expected pay, but that this masks heterogeneous effects across several participant characteristics. Some participants choose less risky but lower-paying jobs in response to a higher debt level, prioritizing stability to minimize the likelihood of missed monthly payments and default. This response is concentrated among participants who have less familiarity with repayment options, including (actual) non-borrowers and participants who are unfamiliar with income-driven repayment (IDR) plans. Other participants choose riskier, higher-paying jobs in response to the debt shock, emphasizing their priority to maximize expected earnings when debt is higher. This response is concentrated among (actual) borrowers and participants who are familiar with IDR plans, permitting them to rely on the insurance properties of these and other repayment options in the case of low earnings realizations. I also find that a higher debt level changes the way individuals make many other hypothetical life choices such as their likelihood of starting a business and buying a home. In Chapter 2, "School Choice and Student Mobility from Low-Performing Schools: Evidence from the California Open Enrollment Act," my coauthor Keshav Garud and I examine the impacts of expanded public school choice in California on the distribution of students across schools, using a recent policy change in California. School choice policies can provide additional educational opportunities to students that would be otherwise constrained to their neighborhood school, but the effects of such policies depend on the spread of take-up. If take-up rates vary systematically across students by race or socioeconomic status, then school choice policies will change the distribution of students across schools and may change racial or socioeconomic segregation across schools. In this paper, we empirically examine how the California Open Enrollment Act (2010-2016), which increased public school choice for students attending low-achieving K-12 public schools in California, impacted student enrollment patterns by race and socioeconomic status. Using a staggered difference-in-difference approach and an event study, we find that total enrollment at treated schools falls by 1.5% relative to comparison schools as a result of the policy, and that this effect persists for several years. Hispanic student enrollment at treated schools falls by 5.9% relative to comparison schools and also strongly persists over time, with less persistent effects for other racial subgroups. We also find a larger impact of the policy on enrollment of free-and-reduced price meal (FRPM) eligible students than non-FRPM eligible students, such that the share of these lower-income students at treated, low-performing schools decreases in response to this expansion of choice. Our findings suggest that the Open Enrollment Act did expand public schooling options for minority students and low-income students attending low-performing schools in California, enabling them to switch to higher-performing public schools. Given the distribution of students across treated and comparison schools, this especially high mobility of low-income and minority students may have decreased segregation in California K-12 public schools. In Chapter 3, "Eliminating College Application Fees: Impacts on Applications, Enrollment and Competition," I study the effects of colleges offering free applications. While college application fees pale in comparison to the costs of tuition, room, and board, they nonetheless pose a major cost to families. Fee waivers can alleviate this financial cost for low-income families, but come with their own costs in terms of student effort and planning. In this paper, I empirically study the application and enrollment effects of a 4-year college eliminating its application fee, employing both a difference-in-difference design and an event study approach. I find that offering a $0 application fee increases the volume of applications received by a college by 10-15%, increases the college's first-year enrollment of low-income students by 3-7%, and increases the college's first-year enrollment of Black students by 12- 15% and Hispanic students by 5-6%, relative to enrollment trends at colleges that did not institute such a policy. I also study how these policies affect a school's competitor institutions, to examine whether this policy might increase access for students who otherwise would not have attended a 4-year college, or whether this policy primarily shuffles students between similar, competing institutions. Evidence of significant competitor effects suggests that at least part of the observed increase in applications and enrollment at the focal college is driven by drawing students away from competitors. 
일반주제명  
Community college education
일반주제명  
Education finance
키워드  
Economics of Education
키워드  
Student loan debt
키워드  
School choice
키워드  
Income-driven repayment
키워드  
Student enrollment
기타저자  
University of Michigan Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  consists  of  three  chapters  that  examine  topics  in  the  economics  of  education.  Chapter  1  tests  the  impact  of  holding  student  loan  debt  on  borrowers'  post-schooling  decisions,  with  a  focus  on  how  it  changes  the  way  they  evaluate  risks  when  choosing  between  jobs.  Chapter  2  analyzes  the  impact  of  an  expansion  of  public-school  choice  in  California  on  how  families  sort  across  schools.  Chapter  3  studies  the  effects  of  colleges  eliminating  their  application  fees,  including  how  it  affects  applications,  enrollment,  persistence,  and  the  college's  competitor  institutions.  Broadly,  these  chapters  explore  themes  around  how  education  is  distributed  and  financed  across  individuals,  what  barriers  to  educational  access  exist  that  might  reduce  efficiency  or  equity,  and  how  we  might  evaluate  policies  that  attempt  to  mitigate  these  barriers.In  Chapter  1,  "Student  Loan  Debt  and  Risk  Preferences  on  the  Job  Market",  I  examine  how  student  loan  debt  impacts  the  way  that  individuals  evaluate  trade-offs  between  risk  and  expected  pay  when  choosing  between  jobs.  I  test  this  relationship  directly  using  a  hypothetical  choice  survey  experiment  on  recent  4-year  college  graduates  in  the  U.S.  In  this  experiment,  I  compare  participants'  risk  preferences  over  jobs  at  baseline  with  their  preferences  over  jobs  after  a  random,  hypothetical  debt  shock.  I  find  that  an  increase  in  student  loan  debt  has  little  effect  on  average  on  the  way  individuals  make  trade-offs  between  risk  and  expected  pay,  but  that  this  masks  heterogeneous  effects  across  several  participant  characteristics.  Some  participants  choose  less  risky  but  lower-paying  jobs  in  response  to  a  higher  debt  level,  prioritizing  stability  to  minimize  the  likelihood  of  missed  monthly  payments  and  default.  This  response  is  concentrated  among  participants  who  have  less  familiarity  with  repayment  options,  including  (actual)  non-borrowers  and  participants  who  are  unfamiliar  with  income-driven  repayment  (IDR)  plans.  Other  participants  choose  riskier,  higher-paying  jobs  in  response  to  the  debt  shock,  emphasizing  their  priority  to  maximize  expected  earnings  when  debt  is  higher.  This  response  is  concentrated  among  (actual)  borrowers  and  participants  who  are  familiar  with  IDR  plans,  permitting  them  to  rely  on  the  insurance  properties  of  these  and  other  repayment  options  in  the  case  of  low  earnings  realizations.  I  also  find  that  a  higher  debt  level  changes  the  way  individuals  make  many  other  hypothetical  life  choices  such  as  their  likelihood  of  starting  a  business  and  buying  a  home. In  Chapter  2,  "School  Choice  and  Student  Mobility  from  Low-Performing  Schools:  Evidence  from  the  California  Open  Enrollment  Act,"  my  coauthor  Keshav  Garud  and  I  examine  the  impacts  of  expanded  public  school  choice  in  California  on  the  distribution  of  students  across  schools,  using  a  recent  policy  change  in  California.  School  choice  policies  can  provide  additional  educational  opportunities  to  students  that  would  be  otherwise  constrained  to  their  neighborhood  school,  but  the  effects  of  such  policies  depend  on  the  spread  of  take-up.  If  take-up  rates  vary  systematically  across  students  by  race  or  socioeconomic  status,  then  school  choice  policies  will  change  the  distribution  of  students  across  schools  and  may  change  racial  or  socioeconomic  segregation  across  schools.  In  this  paper,  we  empirically  examine  how  the  California  Open  Enrollment  Act  (2010-2016),  which  increased  public  school  choice  for  students  attending  low-achieving  K-12  public  schools  in  California,  impacted  student  enrollment  patterns  by  race  and  socioeconomic  status.  Using  a  staggered  difference-in-difference  approach  and  an  event  study,  we  find  that  total  enrollment  at  treated  schools  falls  by  1.5%  relative  to  comparison  schools  as  a  result  of  the  policy,  and  that  this  effect  persists  for  several  years.  Hispanic  student  enrollment  at  treated  schools  falls  by  5.9%  relative  to  comparison  schools  and  also  strongly  persists  over  time,  with  less  persistent  effects  for  other  racial  subgroups.  We  also  find  a  larger  impact  of  the  policy  on  enrollment  of  free-and-reduced  price  meal  (FRPM)  eligible  students  than  non-FRPM  eligible  students,  such  that  the  share  of  these  lower-income  students  at  treated,  low-performing  schools  decreases  in  response  to  this  expansion  of  choice.  Our  findings  suggest  that  the  Open  Enrollment  Act  did  expand  public  schooling  options  for  minority  students  and  low-income  students  attending  low-performing  schools  in  California,  enabling  them  to  switch  to  higher-performing  public  schools.  Given  the  distribution  of  students  across  treated  and  comparison  schools,  this  especially  high  mobility  of  low-income  and  minority  students  may  have  decreased  segregation  in  California  K-12  public  schools. In  Chapter  3,  "Eliminating  College  Application  Fees:  Impacts  on  Applications,  Enrollment  and  Competition,"  I  study  the  effects  of  colleges  offering  free  applications.  While  college  application  fees  pale  in  comparison  to  the  costs  of  tuition,  room,  and  board,  they  nonetheless  pose  a  major  cost  to  families.  Fee  waivers  can  alleviate  this  financial  cost  for  low-income  families,  but  come  with  their  own  costs  in  terms  of  student  effort  and  planning.  In  this  paper,  I  empirically  study  the  application  and  enrollment  effects  of  a  4-year  college  eliminating  its  application  fee,  employing  both  a  difference-in-difference  design  and  an  event  study  approach.  I  find  that  offering  a  $0  application  fee  increases  the  volume  of  applications  received  by  a  college  by  10-15%,  increases  the  college's  first-year  enrollment  of  low-income  students  by  3-7%,  and  increases  the  college's  first-year  enrollment  of  Black  students  by  12-  15%  and  Hispanic  students  by  5-6%,  relative  to  enrollment  trends  at  colleges  that  did  not  institute  such  a  policy.  I  also  study  how  these  policies  affect  a  school's  competitor  institutions,  to  examine  whether  this  policy  might  increase  access  for  students  who  otherwise  would  not  have  attended  a  4-year  college,  or  whether  this  policy  primarily  shuffles  students  between  similar,  competing  institutions.  Evidence  of  significant  competitor  effects  suggests  that  at  least  part  of  the  observed  increase  in  applications  and  enrollment  at  the  focal  college  is  driven  by  drawing  students  away  from  competitors. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aCommunity  college  education
■650  4▼aEducation  finance
■653    ▼aEconomics  of  Education
■653    ▼aStudent  loan  debt
■653    ▼aSchool  choice
■653    ▼aIncome-driven  repayment
■653    ▼aStudent  enrollment
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0511
■690    ▼a0277
■690    ▼a0275
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-04A.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164577▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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