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Scouting for Clumps in Our Cosmic Backyard: Detection and Analysis of the Local Clumpy Galaxy Population
Scouting for Clumps in Our Cosmic Backyard: Detection and Analysis of the Local Clumpy Gal...
Scouting for Clumps in Our Cosmic Backyard: Detection and Analysis of the Local Clumpy Galaxy Population

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151517
ISBN  
9798383163252
DDC  
523
저자명  
Adams, Dominic Tedeschi.
서명/저자  
Scouting for Clumps in Our Cosmic Backyard: Detection and Analysis of the Local Clumpy Galaxy Population
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Minnesota, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
201 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Fortson, Lucy;Scarlata, M. Claudia.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약A key change in the galaxy population between z ∼ 1 and z ∼ 0 is that a majority of star-forming galaxies at high redshift appear to be extremely clumpy compared to those nearby. The "giant star-forming clumps" (or simply "clumps") embedded in these galaxies are an order of magnitude more luminous than the brightest star-forming regions typically found in local galaxies. Galaxies which host them are often highly asymmetric, with a significant fraction of their UV luminosity coming from a few point sources.The origins of clumps, their lifetimes, and the impacts that they have on their host galaxies all remain uncertain. This uncertainty is partly due to observational limits. To date, large populations of clumpy galaxies have only been identified at high redshift, where the highest-resolution optical and UV instruments are limited to ∼kiloparsec-scale resolution. However, based on limited observations of strongly-lensed and low-redshift galaxies, most clumps appear to be significantly more compact than this, with high degree of substructure at the 10-100 parsec scale. Between infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths, sub-100 parsec resolution is only possible in space telescope images of z ≲ 0.1 galaxies.Detecting and measuring clumps in low-resolution images has also proven difficult. Detection methods must not only locate clumps within messy, often irregular host galaxies, but also distinguish them from contaminating sources such as foreground stars, background galaxies, and image artifacts. In the past, citizen science projects - particularly the Galaxy Zoo series - have proven very effective at complex galaxy classification tasks in large-scale surveys. Citizen science projects recruit and train large volunteer cohorts to examine galaxies that automated methods struggle to handle, and rely upon the "wisdom of the crowd" to produce reliable and robust information.This thesis presents the first-ever large (N ≳ 103), low-redshift (z ≲ 0.1) catalog of giant star-forming clumps. This catalog is based upon the results of the citizen science project Galaxy Zoo: Clump Scout, which recruited more than 14,000 volunteers to mark the locations of clumps within nearly 60,000 galaxy images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Volunteers were asked to mark probable contaminants as "unusual", and their responses were aggregated using a novel aggregation model which accounts for the habits of volunteers and estimates the likelihood of each clump. This catalog was further used to train a Faster-RCNN object detection network, which was applied to a much larger sample of nearly 240,000 SDSS galaxy images and detected thousands of clumps that were analogous to those in high-redshift galaxies. The catalog will continue to enable clump science by identifying candidates for high-resolution follow-up: It identifies the first sample of N 100 clumps that can be observed at sub-100 parsec resolutions with existing instrumentation.Using selection criteria that are very similar to those used in high-redshift population studies, I compute the "clumpy fraction" - the fraction of star-forming galaxies hosting at least one clump - of local galaxies for the first time. I identify a drop in this fraction between z ∼ 1.5 and z ∼ 0 of more than an order of magnitude for a broad range of galaxy masses. This drop correlates closely with the reduction in both galaxy turbulence and the cosmic star formation rate over the same interval; in contrast, it is traced very poorly by the major and minor merger rates.I additionally compute the clumpy fraction as a function of environmental density. While clumps are significantly more likely to occur in isolated galaxies, this correlation is explained by these galaxies' higher star formation rate; when star formation is held constant, clumpiness and environment are uncorrelated. Collectively, these observations suggest that gas availability is the common trigger for both star formation and clump formation. I suggest that most clumps have formed in situ from turbulent gas collapse within their host galaxies since at least z ∼ 1.5, and that clump formation halted due to the reduction in gas fractions and gas accretion rates following that time.
일반주제명  
Astrophysics
일반주제명  
Astronomy
일반주제명  
Atmospheric sciences
키워드  
Citizen science
키워드  
Galaxies
키워드  
Galaxy evolution
키워드  
Galaxy structure
키워드  
Machine learning
기타저자  
University of Minnesota Physics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aAdams,  Dominic  Tedeschi.
■24510▼aScouting  for  Clumps  in  Our  Cosmic  Backyard:  Detection  and  Analysis  of  the  Local  Clumpy  Galaxy  Population
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Minnesota▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a201  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Fortson,  Lucy;Scarlata,  M.  Claudia.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Minnesota,  2024.
■520    ▼aA  key  change  in  the  galaxy  population  between  z  ∼  1  and  z  ∼  0  is  that  a  majority  of  star-forming  galaxies  at  high  redshift  appear  to  be  extremely  clumpy  compared  to  those  nearby.  The  "giant  star-forming  clumps"  (or  simply  "clumps")  embedded  in  these  galaxies  are  an  order  of  magnitude  more  luminous  than  the  brightest  star-forming  regions  typically  found  in  local  galaxies.  Galaxies  which  host  them  are  often  highly  asymmetric,  with  a  significant  fraction  of  their  UV  luminosity  coming  from  a  few  point  sources.The  origins  of  clumps,  their  lifetimes,  and  the  impacts  that  they  have  on  their  host  galaxies  all  remain  uncertain.  This  uncertainty  is  partly  due  to  observational  limits.  To  date,  large  populations  of  clumpy  galaxies  have  only  been  identified  at  high  redshift,  where  the  highest-resolution  optical  and  UV  instruments  are  limited  to  ∼kiloparsec-scale  resolution.  However,  based  on  limited  observations  of  strongly-lensed  and  low-redshift  galaxies,  most  clumps  appear  to  be  significantly  more  compact  than  this,  with  high  degree  of  substructure  at  the  10-100  parsec  scale.  Between  infrared  and  ultraviolet  wavelengths,  sub-100  parsec  resolution  is  only  possible  in  space  telescope  images  of  z  ≲  0.1  galaxies.Detecting  and  measuring  clumps  in  low-resolution  images  has  also  proven  difficult.  Detection  methods  must  not  only  locate  clumps  within  messy,  often  irregular  host  galaxies,  but  also  distinguish  them  from  contaminating  sources  such  as  foreground  stars,  background  galaxies,  and  image  artifacts.  In  the  past,  citizen  science  projects  -  particularly  the  Galaxy  Zoo  series  -  have  proven  very  effective  at  complex  galaxy  classification  tasks  in  large-scale  surveys.  Citizen  science  projects  recruit  and  train  large  volunteer  cohorts  to  examine  galaxies  that  automated  methods  struggle  to  handle,  and  rely  upon  the  "wisdom  of  the  crowd"  to  produce  reliable  and  robust  information.This  thesis  presents  the  first-ever  large  (N  ≳  103),  low-redshift  (z  ≲  0.1)  catalog  of  giant  star-forming  clumps.  This  catalog  is  based  upon  the  results  of  the  citizen  science  project  Galaxy  Zoo:  Clump  Scout,  which  recruited  more  than  14,000  volunteers  to  mark  the  locations  of  clumps  within  nearly  60,000  galaxy  images  from  the  Sloan  Digital  Sky  Survey  (SDSS).  Volunteers  were  asked  to  mark  probable  contaminants  as  "unusual",  and  their  responses  were  aggregated  using  a  novel  aggregation  model  which  accounts  for  the  habits  of  volunteers  and  estimates  the  likelihood  of  each  clump.  This  catalog  was  further  used  to  train  a  Faster-RCNN  object  detection  network,  which  was  applied  to  a  much  larger  sample  of  nearly  240,000  SDSS  galaxy  images  and  detected  thousands  of  clumps  that  were  analogous  to  those  in  high-redshift  galaxies.  The  catalog  will  continue  to  enable  clump  science  by  identifying  candidates  for  high-resolution  follow-up:  It  identifies  the  first  sample  of  N    100  clumps  that  can  be  observed  at  sub-100  parsec  resolutions  with  existing  instrumentation.Using  selection  criteria  that  are  very  similar  to  those  used  in  high-redshift  population  studies,  I  compute  the  "clumpy  fraction"  -  the  fraction  of  star-forming  galaxies  hosting  at  least  one  clump  -  of  local  galaxies  for  the  first  time.  I  identify  a  drop  in  this  fraction  between  z  ∼  1.5  and  z  ∼  0  of  more  than  an  order  of  magnitude  for  a  broad  range  of  galaxy  masses.  This  drop  correlates  closely  with  the  reduction  in  both  galaxy  turbulence  and  the  cosmic  star  formation  rate  over  the  same  interval;  in  contrast,  it  is  traced  very  poorly  by  the  major  and  minor  merger  rates.I  additionally  compute  the  clumpy  fraction  as  a  function  of  environmental  density.  While  clumps  are  significantly  more  likely  to  occur  in  isolated  galaxies,  this  correlation  is  explained  by  these  galaxies'  higher  star  formation  rate;  when  star  formation  is  held  constant,  clumpiness  and  environment  are  uncorrelated.  Collectively,  these  observations  suggest  that  gas  availability  is  the  common  trigger  for  both  star  formation  and  clump  formation.  I  suggest  that  most  clumps  have  formed  in  situ  from  turbulent  gas  collapse  within  their  host  galaxies  since  at  least  z  ∼  1.5,  and  that  clump  formation  halted  due  to  the  reduction  in  gas  fractions  and  gas  accretion  rates  following  that  time.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0130.
■650  4▼aAstrophysics
■650  4▼aAstronomy
■650  4▼aAtmospheric  sciences
■653    ▼aCitizen  science
■653    ▼aGalaxies
■653    ▼aGalaxy  evolution
■653    ▼aGalaxy  structure
■653    ▼aMachine  learning
■690    ▼a0596
■690    ▼a0606
■690    ▼a0725
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Minnesota▼bPhysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0130
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162047▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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