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Essays in Econometrics
Essays in Econometrics
Essays in Econometrics

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151100
ISBN  
9798382757537
DDC  
310
저자명  
Rafi, Ahnaf.
서명/저자  
Essays in Econometrics
발행사항  
[Sl] : Northwestern University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
341 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Horowitz, Joel L.;Canay, Ivan A.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation studies three distinct problems in econometrics. Chapter 1 studies inference on a class of functionals in a nonparametric variant of the random coefficients logit model. The random coefficients logit model is widely used in choice analysis, empirical industrial organization, and transport economics among other fields. Many objects of interest in this model can be represented as functionals of the distribution of random coefficients (RC/RCs), specifically averages. Some examples are: welfare measures, choice probabilities and their derivatives. Chapter 1 provides a nonparametric estimator of the RC distribution under which implied plug-in estimators of such averages are asymptotically normal. This is the first formal limiting distribution result for a nonparametric plug-in estimator of such functionals in the RC logit model. For the particular functionals considered here, this asymptotic normality occurs at the parametric n −1/2 rate. A consistent estimator of the variance of this limiting distribution is also provided. Together, these results make consistent tests of hypotheses and valid confidence intervals possible in the RC logit model when the distribution of RCs is estimated nonparametrically.Chapter 2 studies efficient estimation of the average treatment effect (ATE) in randomized experiments under a class of randomization procedures known as covariate adaptive randomization (CAR). Here, "efficient estimation" means construction of estimates that achieve the semiparametric efficiency bound (SEB) for the ATE. Experiments that use CAR are commonplace in applied economics and other fields. Under CAR, the experimenter first stratifies the sample according to observed baseline covariates and then assigns treatment randomly within these strata so as to achieve balance according to pre-specified stratum-specific target assignment proportions. We allow for the class of CAR procedures considered in Bugni et al. (2018, 2019). In Chapter 2, we first compute the SEB for estimating the ATE. The stratum-specific target proportions play the role of the propensity score conditional on all baseline covariates. The efficiency bound is a special case of the bound in Hahn (1998), but conditional on all baseline covariates, not just the stratum labels. Next, we show that this efficiency bound is achievable under the same (weak) conditions as those used to derive the bound. To do this, we construct an ATE estimator by combining the efficient influence function, a byproduct of the efficiency bound derivation, and a cross-fitted Nadaraya-Watson kernel regression estimator to form nonparametric regression adjustments.Chapter 3 (joint with Yong Cai) considers the issue of experiment design with the Neyman Allocation, which is used in many papers on experimental design. These papers typically assume that researchers have access to large pilot studies. This may be unrealistic. To understand the properties of the Neyman Allocation with small pilots, we study its behavior in an asymptotic framework that takes pilot size to be fixed even as the size of the main wave tends to infinity. Our analysis shows that the Neyman Allocation can lead to estimates of the ATE with higher asymptotic variance than with (non-adaptive) balanced randomization. In particular, this happens when the outcome variable is relatively homoskedastic with respect to treatment status or when it exhibits high kurtosis. We provide a series of empirical examples showing that such situations can arise in practice. Our results suggest that researchers with small pilots should not use the Neyman Allocation if they believe that outcomes are homoskedastic or heavy-tailed. Finally, we examine some potential methods for improving the finite sample performance of the FNA via simulations.
일반주제명  
Statistics
일반주제명  
Finance
키워드  
Random coefficients
키워드  
Econometrics
키워드  
Average treatment effect
키워드  
Covariate adaptive randomization
기타저자  
Northwestern University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aRafi,  Ahnaf.
■24510▼aEssays  in  Econometrics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a341  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Horowitz,  Joel  L.;Canay,  Ivan  A.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Northwestern  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  studies  three  distinct  problems  in  econometrics.  Chapter  1  studies  inference  on  a  class  of  functionals  in  a  nonparametric  variant  of  the  random  coefficients  logit  model.  The  random  coefficients  logit  model  is  widely  used  in  choice  analysis,  empirical  industrial  organization,  and  transport  economics  among  other  fields.  Many  objects  of  interest  in  this  model  can  be  represented  as  functionals  of  the  distribution  of  random  coefficients  (RC/RCs),  specifically  averages.  Some  examples  are:  welfare  measures,  choice  probabilities  and  their  derivatives.  Chapter  1  provides  a  nonparametric  estimator  of  the  RC  distribution  under  which  implied  plug-in  estimators  of  such  averages  are  asymptotically  normal.  This  is  the  first  formal  limiting  distribution  result  for  a  nonparametric  plug-in  estimator  of  such  functionals  in  the  RC  logit  model.  For  the  particular  functionals  considered  here,  this  asymptotic  normality  occurs  at  the  parametric  n  −1/2  rate.  A  consistent  estimator  of  the  variance  of  this  limiting  distribution  is  also  provided.  Together,  these  results  make  consistent  tests  of  hypotheses  and  valid  confidence  intervals  possible  in  the  RC  logit  model  when  the  distribution  of  RCs  is  estimated  nonparametrically.Chapter  2  studies  efficient  estimation  of  the  average  treatment  effect  (ATE)  in  randomized  experiments  under  a  class  of  randomization  procedures  known  as  covariate  adaptive  randomization  (CAR).  Here,  "efficient  estimation"  means  construction  of  estimates  that  achieve  the  semiparametric  efficiency  bound  (SEB)  for  the  ATE.  Experiments  that  use  CAR  are  commonplace  in  applied  economics  and  other  fields.  Under  CAR,  the  experimenter  first  stratifies  the  sample  according  to  observed  baseline  covariates  and  then  assigns  treatment  randomly  within  these  strata  so  as  to  achieve  balance  according  to  pre-specified  stratum-specific  target  assignment  proportions.  We  allow  for  the  class  of  CAR  procedures  considered  in  Bugni  et  al.  (2018,  2019).  In  Chapter  2,  we  first  compute  the  SEB  for  estimating  the  ATE.  The  stratum-specific  target  proportions  play  the  role  of  the  propensity  score  conditional  on  all  baseline  covariates.  The  efficiency  bound  is  a  special  case  of  the  bound  in  Hahn  (1998),  but  conditional  on  all  baseline  covariates,  not  just  the  stratum  labels.  Next,  we  show  that  this  efficiency  bound  is  achievable  under  the  same  (weak)  conditions  as  those  used  to  derive  the  bound.  To  do  this,  we  construct  an  ATE  estimator  by  combining  the  efficient  influence  function,  a  byproduct  of  the  efficiency  bound  derivation,  and  a  cross-fitted  Nadaraya-Watson  kernel  regression  estimator  to  form  nonparametric  regression  adjustments.Chapter  3  (joint  with  Yong  Cai)  considers  the  issue  of  experiment  design  with  the  Neyman  Allocation,  which  is  used  in  many  papers  on  experimental  design.  These  papers  typically  assume  that  researchers  have  access  to  large  pilot  studies.  This  may  be  unrealistic.  To  understand  the  properties  of  the  Neyman  Allocation  with  small  pilots,  we  study  its  behavior  in  an  asymptotic  framework  that  takes  pilot  size  to  be  fixed  even  as  the  size  of  the  main  wave  tends  to  infinity.  Our  analysis  shows  that  the  Neyman  Allocation  can  lead  to  estimates  of  the  ATE  with  higher  asymptotic  variance  than  with  (non-adaptive)  balanced  randomization.  In  particular,  this  happens  when  the  outcome  variable  is  relatively  homoskedastic  with  respect  to  treatment  status  or  when  it  exhibits  high  kurtosis.  We  provide  a  series  of  empirical  examples  showing  that  such  situations  can  arise  in  practice.  Our  results  suggest  that  researchers  with  small  pilots  should  not  use  the  Neyman  Allocation  if  they  believe  that  outcomes  are  homoskedastic  or  heavy-tailed.  Finally,  we  examine  some  potential  methods  for  improving  the  finite  sample  performance  of  the  FNA  via  simulations.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0163.
■650  4▼aStatistics
■650  4▼aFinance
■653    ▼aRandom  coefficients
■653    ▼aEconometrics
■653    ▼aAverage  treatment  effect
■653    ▼aCovariate  adaptive  randomization
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0508
■690    ▼a0463
■71020▼aNorthwestern  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-11B.
■790    ▼a0163
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160682▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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