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Interplay Between Structure and Dynamics in Granular Materials and Twisted Strings
Interplay Between Structure and Dynamics in Granular Materials and Twisted Strings
Interplay Between Structure and Dynamics in Granular Materials and Twisted Strings

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151100
ISBN  
9798382835495
DDC  
530
저자명  
Hanlan, Jesse.
서명/저자  
Interplay Between Structure and Dynamics in Granular Materials and Twisted Strings
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Pennsylvania, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
133 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Durian, Douglas J.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The first part of this thesis broadly describes physics beyond jamming in granular materials. As granular flows pass through a narrow constriction they have a propensity to clog, like salt in a salt shaker. This process has been shown to be Poissonian, with the flow randomly sampling configurational microstates local to the outlet. We analyze 25,000 flow events from an automated, 2D hopper filled with tridisperse discs to identify structural features which correlate with the onset of clogging. We utilize a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify states as either flowing or clogging. Using the SVM, we achieve a 58% accuracy on this task, increasing to 70% when identifying flowing states from the incipient arch formation, and 95% separating flowing states from empty stable arches. The non-linear CNN achieves a marginally higher accuracy, 61% in the clogging task, but still fails to predict the onset of clogging in an individual flow. However, the interpretable nature of the SVM decision boundary identifies the cornerstones as an important feature even in the lowest accuracy machine. We verify this with experimental evidence indicating the cornerstones functionally control the width of the outlet, and thus the probable range of arches.We also investigate the dynamics of a rotating impactor dropped into a static granular bed. Previous work has shown the forces affecting translation are primarily normal to the body of the impactor, but acknowledges the tangential forces must be present. Using a 5000 fps camera, we track the translational and rotational motion of a spherical impactor into a granular bed. We observe the overall penetration depth of the impactor is enhanced by rotation, while the translational stopping time is extended. We also found the rotational acceleration saturates to a constant, depth-dependent value after translation has stopped, suggesting the rotational dynamics of the impactor are dominated by the quasistatic interaction with the granular bulk.The second part of this thesis focuses on the modeling of strings under twist, and the exploitation of this geometry for hand powered high-frequency oscillation. First we test the standard model for the length contraction of a bundle of strings under twist, and find systematic deviation with opposing effects at medium and large twist angles. By including volume conservation, we achieve better fits to data for single-, double-, and triple-stranded bundles of Nylon monofilament as an ideal test case. This gives a well-defined procedure for extracting an effective twist radius that characterizes contraction behavior. While our approach accounts for the observed faster-than-expected contraction up to medium twist angles, we also find that the contraction is nevertheless slower than expected at large twist angles for both Nylon monofilament bundles and several other string types. The size of this effect varies with the individual-string braid structure and with the number of strings in the bundle. We speculate that it may be related to elastic deformation within the material. However, our first modeling attempt does not fully capture the observed behavior.A use case for the dynamics of twisted strings is powering a 'buzzer'. Previous work characterized a novel geometry where the buzzer is turned vertical and a hanging mass is applied to one end to transfer some energy between periods. We characterize the time dependent forcing required to drive sinusoidal motion on this system: the vertical, taut-line buzzer. A damped taut-line system is constructed and its oscillatory properties measured. The predicted force profile is implemented by hand, sinusoidal motion is observed and the energy required per cycle to maintain steady state oscillations is found in good agreement with theory. An additional force profile to maximize oscillations and minimize operator effort is characterized, achieving a peak angular velocity of 11,000 RPM. These high velocity oscillations are compared to alternate hand-powered centrifuge systems for efficiency of energy input and predicted for use in comparatively high volume centrifugation tasks.
일반주제명  
Physics
일반주제명  
Condensed matter physics
일반주제명  
Materials science
키워드  
Granular impact
키워드  
Granular physics
키워드  
Hopper flow
키워드  
Machine learning
키워드  
Soft matter
키워드  
Support Vector Machine
키워드  
Convolutional Neural Network
기타저자  
University of Pennsylvania Physics and Astronomy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aHanlan,  Jesse.
■24510▼aInterplay  Between  Structure  and  Dynamics  in  Granular  Materials  and  Twisted  Strings
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a133  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Durian,  Douglas  J.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Pennsylvania,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  first  part  of  this  thesis  broadly  describes  physics  beyond  jamming  in  granular  materials.  As  granular  flows  pass  through  a  narrow  constriction  they  have  a  propensity  to  clog,  like  salt  in  a  salt  shaker.  This  process  has  been  shown  to  be  Poissonian,  with  the  flow  randomly  sampling  configurational  microstates  local  to  the  outlet.  We  analyze  25,000  flow  events  from  an  automated,  2D  hopper  filled  with  tridisperse  discs  to  identify  structural  features  which  correlate  with  the  onset  of  clogging.  We  utilize  a  linear  Support  Vector  Machine  (SVM)  and  a  Convolutional  Neural  Network  (CNN)  to  classify  states  as  either  flowing  or  clogging.  Using  the  SVM,  we  achieve  a  58%  accuracy  on  this  task,  increasing  to  70%  when  identifying  flowing  states  from  the  incipient  arch  formation,  and  95%  separating  flowing  states  from  empty  stable  arches.  The  non-linear  CNN  achieves  a  marginally  higher  accuracy,  61%  in  the  clogging  task,  but  still  fails  to  predict  the  onset  of  clogging  in  an  individual  flow.  However,  the  interpretable  nature  of  the  SVM  decision  boundary  identifies  the  cornerstones  as  an  important  feature  even  in  the  lowest  accuracy  machine.  We  verify  this  with  experimental  evidence  indicating  the  cornerstones  functionally  control  the  width  of  the  outlet,  and  thus  the  probable  range  of  arches.We  also  investigate  the  dynamics  of  a  rotating  impactor  dropped  into  a  static  granular  bed.  Previous  work  has  shown  the  forces  affecting  translation  are  primarily  normal  to  the  body  of  the  impactor,  but  acknowledges  the  tangential  forces  must  be  present.  Using  a  5000  fps  camera,  we  track  the  translational  and  rotational  motion  of  a  spherical  impactor  into  a  granular  bed.  We  observe  the  overall  penetration  depth  of  the  impactor  is  enhanced  by  rotation,  while  the  translational  stopping  time  is  extended.  We  also  found  the  rotational  acceleration  saturates  to  a  constant,  depth-dependent  value  after  translation  has  stopped,  suggesting  the  rotational  dynamics  of  the  impactor  are  dominated  by  the  quasistatic  interaction  with  the  granular  bulk.The  second  part  of  this  thesis  focuses  on  the  modeling  of  strings  under  twist,  and  the  exploitation  of  this  geometry  for  hand  powered  high-frequency  oscillation.  First  we  test  the  standard  model  for  the  length  contraction  of  a  bundle  of  strings  under  twist,  and  find  systematic  deviation  with  opposing  effects  at  medium  and  large  twist  angles.  By  including  volume  conservation,  we  achieve  better  fits  to  data  for  single-,  double-,  and  triple-stranded  bundles  of  Nylon  monofilament  as  an  ideal  test  case.  This  gives  a  well-defined  procedure  for  extracting  an  effective  twist  radius  that  characterizes  contraction  behavior.  While  our  approach  accounts  for  the  observed  faster-than-expected  contraction  up  to  medium  twist  angles,  we  also  find  that  the  contraction  is  nevertheless  slower  than  expected  at  large  twist  angles  for  both  Nylon  monofilament  bundles  and  several  other  string  types.  The  size  of  this  effect  varies  with  the  individual-string  braid  structure  and  with  the  number  of  strings  in  the  bundle.  We  speculate  that  it  may  be  related  to  elastic  deformation  within  the  material.  However,  our  first  modeling  attempt  does  not  fully  capture  the  observed  behavior.A  use  case  for  the  dynamics  of  twisted  strings  is  powering  a  'buzzer'.  Previous  work  characterized  a  novel  geometry  where  the  buzzer  is  turned  vertical  and  a  hanging  mass  is  applied  to  one  end  to  transfer  some  energy  between  periods.  We  characterize  the  time  dependent  forcing  required  to  drive  sinusoidal  motion  on  this  system:  the  vertical,  taut-line  buzzer.  A  damped  taut-line  system  is  constructed  and  its  oscillatory  properties  measured.  The  predicted  force  profile  is  implemented  by  hand,  sinusoidal  motion  is  observed  and  the  energy  required  per  cycle  to  maintain  steady  state  oscillations  is  found  in  good  agreement  with  theory.  An  additional  force  profile  to  maximize  oscillations  and  minimize  operator  effort  is  characterized,  achieving  a  peak  angular  velocity  of  11,000  RPM.  These  high  velocity  oscillations  are  compared  to  alternate  hand-powered  centrifuge  systems  for  efficiency  of  energy  input  and  predicted  for  use  in  comparatively  high  volume  centrifugation  tasks.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0175.
■650  4▼aPhysics
■650  4▼aCondensed  matter  physics
■650  4▼aMaterials  science
■653    ▼aGranular  impact
■653    ▼aGranular  physics
■653    ▼aHopper  flow
■653    ▼aMachine  learning
■653    ▼aSoft  matter
■653    ▼aSupport  Vector  Machine
■653    ▼aConvolutional  Neural  Network
■690    ▼a0605
■690    ▼a0794
■690    ▼a0611
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼bPhysics  and  Astronomy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0175
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160685▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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