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Essays on Causal Mechanism and Causal Generalization
Essays on Causal Mechanism and Causal Generalization
Essays on Causal Mechanism and Causal Generalization

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151102
ISBN  
9798383166055
DDC  
320
저자명  
Fu, Jiawei.
서명/저자  
Essays on Causal Mechanism and Causal Generalization
발행사항  
[Sl] : New York University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
177 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Landa, Dimitri;Slough, Tara.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The credibility revolution advances the use of research designs that permit identification and estimation of causal effects. However, understanding which mechanisms produce measured causal effects remains a challenge. A dominant current approach to the quantitative evaluation of mechanisms relies on the detection of heterogeneous treatment effects with respect to pre-treatment covariates. Chapter 3 develops a framework to understand when the existence of such heterogeneous treatment effects can support inferences about the activation of a mechanism. We show first that this design cannot provide evidence of mechanism activation without additional, generally implicit, assumptions. Further, even when these assumptions are satisfied, if a measured outcome is produced by a non-linear transformation of a directly-affected outcome of theoretical interest, heterogeneous treatment effects are not informative of mechanism activation. We provide novel guidance for interpretation and research design in light of these findings.Understanding causal mechanisms is essential for explaining and generalizing empirical phenomena. Causal mediation analysis offers statistical techniques to quantify mediation effects. However, existing methods typically require strong identification assumptions or sophisticated research designs. In Chapter 1, we develop a novel identification strategy that simplifies these assumptions, enabling the simultaneous estimation of causal and mediation effects. The strategy is based on a new decomposition of total treatment effects, which transforms the challenging mediation problem into a simple linear regression problem. We demonstrate that the primary source of identification power resides in the heterogeneous treatment effects on the mediator. To illustrate the efficacy of our method, we apply it to estimate the causal mediation effects in two studies, focusing on common pool resource governance and voting information. Furthermore, we have developed statistical software to facilitate the implementation of our method.Can causal effects estimated in experiment be generalized to real-world scenarios? This question lies at the heart of social science studies, where the ultimate concern is the real-life impact of research findings. External validity primarily assesses whether experimental effects persist across different settings, including populations, treatments, outcomes, and contexts, implicitly presuming the experiment's ecological validity-that is, the consistency of experimental effects with their real-life counterparts even without dramatic varying those settings. However, we argue that this presumed consistency may not always hold, especially in experiments involving multi-dimensional decision processes, such as conjoint survey experiments. In Chapter 2, we introduce a formal model to elucidate how attention and salience effects lead to three types of inconsistencies between experimental findings and real-world phenomena: amplified effect magnitude, effect sign reversal, and effect relative importance reversal. We derive testable hypotheses from each theoretical outcome and test these hypotheses using data from various existing conjoint experiments. Drawing on our theoretical framework, we propose several guidelines for experimental design aimed at enhancing the generalizability of survey experiment findings.
일반주제명  
Political science
키워드  
Causal mechanisms
키워드  
Conjoint experiments
키워드  
Experimental design
키워드  
Heterogeneous treatment effects
기타저자  
New York University Politics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aFu,  Jiawei.
■24510▼aEssays  on  Causal  Mechanism  and  Causal  Generalization
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNew  York  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a177  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Landa,  Dimitri;Slough,  Tara.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--New  York  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  credibility  revolution  advances  the  use  of  research  designs  that  permit  identification  and  estimation  of  causal  effects.  However,  understanding  which  mechanisms  produce  measured  causal  effects  remains  a  challenge.  A  dominant  current  approach  to  the  quantitative  evaluation  of  mechanisms  relies  on  the  detection  of  heterogeneous  treatment  effects  with  respect  to  pre-treatment  covariates.  Chapter  3  develops  a  framework  to  understand  when  the  existence  of  such  heterogeneous  treatment  effects  can  support  inferences  about  the  activation  of  a  mechanism.  We  show  first  that  this  design  cannot  provide  evidence  of  mechanism  activation  without  additional,  generally  implicit,  assumptions.  Further,  even  when  these  assumptions  are  satisfied,  if  a  measured  outcome  is  produced  by  a  non-linear  transformation  of  a  directly-affected  outcome  of  theoretical  interest,  heterogeneous  treatment  effects  are  not  informative  of  mechanism  activation.  We  provide  novel  guidance  for  interpretation  and  research  design  in  light  of  these  findings.Understanding  causal  mechanisms  is  essential  for  explaining  and  generalizing    empirical  phenomena.  Causal  mediation  analysis  offers  statistical  techniques  to  quantify  mediation  effects.  However,  existing  methods  typically  require  strong  identification  assumptions  or  sophisticated  research  designs.  In  Chapter  1,  we  develop  a  novel  identification  strategy  that  simplifies  these  assumptions,  enabling  the  simultaneous  estimation  of  causal  and  mediation  effects.  The  strategy  is  based  on  a  new  decomposition  of  total  treatment  effects,  which  transforms  the  challenging  mediation  problem  into  a  simple  linear  regression  problem.  We  demonstrate  that  the  primary  source  of  identification  power  resides  in  the  heterogeneous  treatment  effects  on  the  mediator.  To  illustrate  the  efficacy  of  our  method,  we  apply  it  to  estimate  the  causal  mediation  effects  in  two  studies,  focusing  on  common  pool  resource  governance  and  voting  information.  Furthermore,  we  have  developed  statistical  software  to  facilitate  the  implementation  of  our  method.Can  causal  effects  estimated  in  experiment  be  generalized  to  real-world  scenarios?  This  question  lies  at  the  heart  of  social  science  studies,  where  the  ultimate  concern  is  the  real-life  impact  of  research  findings.  External  validity  primarily  assesses  whether  experimental  effects  persist  across  different  settings,  including  populations,  treatments,  outcomes,  and  contexts,  implicitly  presuming  the  experiment's  ecological  validity-that  is,  the  consistency  of  experimental  effects  with  their  real-life  counterparts  even  without  dramatic  varying  those  settings.  However,  we  argue  that  this  presumed  consistency  may  not  always  hold,  especially  in  experiments  involving  multi-dimensional  decision  processes,  such  as  conjoint  survey  experiments.  In  Chapter  2,  we  introduce  a  formal  model  to  elucidate  how  attention  and  salience  effects  lead  to  three  types  of  inconsistencies  between  experimental  findings  and  real-world  phenomena:  amplified  effect  magnitude,  effect  sign  reversal,  and  effect  relative  importance  reversal.  We  derive  testable  hypotheses  from  each  theoretical  outcome  and  test  these  hypotheses  using  data  from  various  existing  conjoint  experiments.  Drawing  on  our  theoretical  framework,  we  propose  several  guidelines  for  experimental  design  aimed  at  enhancing  the  generalizability  of  survey  experiment  findings.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0146.
■650  4▼aPolitical  science
■653    ▼aCausal  mechanisms
■653    ▼aConjoint  experiments
■653    ▼aExperimental  design
■653    ▼aHeterogeneous  treatment  effects
■690    ▼a0615
■690    ▼a0510
■71020▼aNew  York  University▼bPolitics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12A.
■790    ▼a0146
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160694▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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