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Essays in Labor Economics, Gender, and Education
Essays in Labor Economics, Gender, and Education
Essays in Labor Economics, Gender, and Education

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151105
ISBN  
9798383161067
DDC  
305
저자명  
Steininger, Teresa.
서명/저자  
Essays in Labor Economics, Gender, and Education
발행사항  
[Sl] : New York University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
176 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Bisin, Alberto.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약In this thesis, I investigate the relationship between childbirth and female career trajectories, the role of maternity leave policies in shaping these trajectories, and the determinants of college achievement.The first chapter investigates the determinants of the "child penalty", a defining feature of female career paths that is characterized by a persistent drop in employment, hours, and earnings following childbirth. To distinguish between the extensive and intensive labor supply dimensions of the earnings penalty, I estimate a general equilibrium search model featuring more productive firms relying more on longer hours and asymmetric information over women's preferences for time at home after birth. The model rationalizes the child penalty and shows that the intensive margin is a significant determinant of the long-run wage penalty. A maternity leave policy provides a short-run retention gain for low-income workers but fails to narrow the gender wage gap because firms respond to the policy by offering lower wages.The second chapter analyzes the impact of childbirth on women's employment outcomes using 2013-2019 SIPP data from the US. I propose an alternative way of thinking about child penalties, by examining women who stay employed at first birth versus those who leave employment. The analysis reveals that staying employed at birth is strongly related to pre-birth wages, with low-earning women being more likely to leave employment. Conditional on their own pre-birth earnings, the income of a woman's partner is not predictive for staying employed around birth, revealing potential inefficiencies in household decision making. I further show that wages of mothers who stay attached to their work do not fall behind in the first two years post birth, with hours reductions explaining the entirety of the initial earnings penalty.The third chapter, joint with Tslil Aloni, Alberto Bisin, Guillaume Frechette, and Kevin Thom, studies the causes of college dropout through collaboration with a large public university in the Midwest. Utilizing annual surveys and ongoing academic progress tracking of incoming freshmen, our research uncovers important factors contributing to dropout, with approximately 30% of students discontinuing studies within their first two years. The survey encompasses various aspects such as students' financial situations, academic and earnings expectations, and psychological characteristics. We show that students' perceptions of their own strengths such as willpower and work ethic are significant positive predictors for academic performance. Our analysis identifies distinct student clusters based on these perceptions, with one subgroup, characterized by low willpower, poor time management, and low self-esteem, demonstrating a heightened vulnerability to low performance, even when controlling for initial grades. Using machine learning models, we find that survey variables aid in detecting at-risk students before initial academic outcomes have been realized. Once controlling for first term performance, non-academic characteristics provide little gain, with a simple model estimated solely off administrative data precisely identifying students prone to dropout: At a low false positive rate of 3% we spot over 40% of students not completing classes at the end of their first year.
일반주제명  
Gender studies
일반주제명  
Education
키워드  
Childbirth
키워드  
Child penalty
키워드  
Self-esteem
키워드  
Poor time management
키워드  
Academic performance
기타저자  
New York University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■0820  ▼a305
■1001  ▼aSteininger,  Teresa.
■24510▼aEssays  in  Labor  Economics,  Gender,  and  Education
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNew  York  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a176  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Bisin,  Alberto.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--New  York  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aIn  this  thesis,  I  investigate  the  relationship  between  childbirth  and  female  career  trajectories,  the  role  of  maternity  leave  policies  in  shaping  these  trajectories,  and  the  determinants  of  college  achievement.The  first  chapter  investigates  the  determinants  of  the  "child  penalty",  a  defining  feature  of  female  career  paths  that  is  characterized  by  a  persistent  drop  in  employment,  hours,  and  earnings  following  childbirth.  To  distinguish  between  the  extensive  and  intensive  labor  supply  dimensions  of  the  earnings  penalty,  I  estimate  a  general  equilibrium  search  model  featuring  more  productive  firms  relying  more  on  longer  hours  and  asymmetric  information  over  women's  preferences  for  time  at  home  after  birth.  The  model  rationalizes  the  child  penalty  and  shows  that  the  intensive  margin  is  a  significant  determinant  of  the  long-run  wage  penalty.  A  maternity  leave  policy  provides  a  short-run  retention  gain  for  low-income  workers  but  fails  to  narrow  the  gender  wage  gap  because  firms  respond  to  the  policy  by  offering  lower  wages.The  second  chapter  analyzes  the  impact  of  childbirth  on  women's  employment  outcomes  using  2013-2019  SIPP  data  from  the  US.  I  propose  an  alternative  way  of  thinking  about  child  penalties,  by  examining  women  who  stay  employed  at  first  birth  versus  those  who  leave  employment.  The  analysis  reveals  that  staying  employed  at  birth  is  strongly  related  to  pre-birth  wages,  with  low-earning  women  being  more  likely  to  leave  employment.  Conditional  on  their  own  pre-birth  earnings,  the  income  of  a  woman's  partner  is  not  predictive  for  staying  employed  around  birth,  revealing  potential  inefficiencies  in  household  decision  making.  I  further  show  that  wages  of  mothers  who  stay  attached  to  their  work  do  not  fall  behind  in  the  first  two  years  post  birth,  with  hours  reductions  explaining  the  entirety  of  the  initial  earnings  penalty.The  third  chapter,  joint  with  Tslil  Aloni,  Alberto  Bisin,  Guillaume  Frechette,  and  Kevin  Thom,  studies  the  causes  of  college  dropout  through  collaboration  with  a  large  public  university  in  the  Midwest.  Utilizing  annual  surveys  and  ongoing  academic  progress  tracking  of  incoming  freshmen,  our  research  uncovers  important  factors  contributing  to  dropout,  with  approximately  30%  of  students  discontinuing  studies  within  their  first  two  years.  The  survey  encompasses  various  aspects  such  as  students'  financial  situations,  academic  and  earnings  expectations,  and  psychological  characteristics.  We  show  that  students'  perceptions  of  their  own  strengths  such  as  willpower  and  work  ethic  are  significant  positive  predictors  for  academic  performance.  Our  analysis  identifies  distinct  student  clusters  based  on  these  perceptions,  with  one  subgroup,  characterized  by  low  willpower,  poor  time  management,  and  low  self-esteem,  demonstrating  a  heightened  vulnerability  to  low  performance,  even  when  controlling  for  initial  grades.  Using  machine  learning  models,  we  find  that  survey  variables  aid  in  detecting  at-risk  students  before  initial  academic  outcomes  have  been  realized.  Once  controlling  for  first  term  performance,  non-academic  characteristics  provide  little  gain,  with  a  simple  model  estimated  solely  off  administrative  data  precisely  identifying  students  prone  to  dropout:  At  a  low  false  positive  rate  of  3%  we  spot  over  40%  of  students  not  completing  classes  at  the  end  of  their  first  year.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0146.
■650  4▼aGender  studies
■650  4▼aEducation
■653    ▼aChildbirth
■653    ▼aChild  penalty
■653    ▼aSelf-esteem
■653    ▼aPoor  time  management
■653    ▼aAcademic  performance
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0510
■690    ▼a0511
■690    ▼a0515
■690    ▼a0733
■71020▼aNew  York  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12A.
■790    ▼a0146
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160715▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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