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Phase Initiation and Evolution via Coexistence and Free Growth in Condensed Systems
Phase Initiation and Evolution via Coexistence and Free Growth in Condensed Systems
Phase Initiation and Evolution via Coexistence and Free Growth in Condensed Systems

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152820
ISBN  
9798384029380
DDC  
621
저자명  
Lisenko, Nikita.
서명/저자  
Phase Initiation and Evolution via Coexistence and Free Growth in Condensed Systems
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
148 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Im, James S.;Yao, Y. Lawrence.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The work presented in this dissertation is motivated by the need for deeper understanding of phase transformations involving interfaces and defects, to advance the science of materials processing and to address the challenges in current and emerging technology. We take on several independent approaches to the problem, including theory, experiment, and simulation, which allows us to formulate and validate a coherent and comprehensive picture of phase transformation mechanisms. Our model involves recompiling the traditional components of Gibbsian thermodynamics and Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT), to conformably capture the other two classes of phase transformation phenomena, namely phase coexistence (CE) and free growth (FG), and their impact on the nonlinear kinetic phase evolution pathway.Our work is timely in filling the insufficient coverage of these mechanisms in materials science literature, because they can become especially significant in small and confined material systems, which are becoming progressively more technologically relevant. A particular application that motivated our study is the analysis of microstructure evolution during fabrication of high-uniformity polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) thin films used in backplanes for advanced displays. Nanomaterials, such as transistors with 10 nm features, are also becoming more ubiquitous, and the science of their synthesis and stability can benefit from our work as well.The experimental data available so far on phase transitions involving interfaces is limited due to the difficulty of distinguishing such localized, transient, and minute quantities of different phases of matter, as well as it is ridden by complications pertaining to each individual material system, all of which obstruct the analysis of physical behavior in terms of a concise and general theoretical description. In the work presented here we aim to bridge this gap between the material processing methods and theory by performing experiments and simulations, specifically designed to avoid excessive complicating factors and facilitate a clear conceptual connection. We explain the observations in the context of a simple phenomenological picture, which we developed from the classical fundamental principles, generalizing them to capture nontrivial phase evolution behaviors. Specifically, we perform (1) a designed laser irradiation experiment, (2) thermodynamic and kinetic analyses, (3) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, to capture the interface-involving melting and solidification mechanisms, and quantify their impact on phase initiation and evolution.In materials processing, only nucleation and growth is typically considered as the governing mechanism of phase initiation and evolution. According to our broader analysis, which is based on the classical principles of Gibbsian thermodynamics, we additionally identify and describe phase coexistence (CE) and free growth (FG) as equally relevant, and possibly dominant, modes of phase transformation behavior encountered in real material systems. These mechanisms are distinct from nucleation, which requires sub-critical clusters to overcome a substantial thermodynamic barrier. CE represents a state where finite quantities of a new phase can spontaneously appear and exist in stable or metastable equilibrium within the parent phase matrix, as encountered for instance in the case of curvature-induced premelting. In contrast, FG is characterized by a critical temperature condition to eliminate the energy barrier for phase transformation, and can be mathematically classified as neither nucleation nor CE. By focusing on CE and FG in this dissertation, we thus capture two out of three mathematically and thermodynamically identifiable initiation modes of phase transformation in condensed systems.To study how CE and FG can be manifested in systems of our interest, we employ a thermodynamic analysis of phase initiation and evolution that has been recently developed and refined in our group. There, we first recognize the significance of the Gibbs-Thomson Variation (GTV), which determines the thermodynamic driving force per area at a point on the inter-phase interface, based on local interface curvature and temperature. GTV applies everywhere on the inter-phase boundary and identifies the thermodynamically favored interface evolution pathway. When the interface is under morphological equilibrium, as implicitly assumed in Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) descriptions, GTV can be translated into a global Gibbs-Thomson Function (GTF), which enables us to readily capture the thermodynamic landscape of phase transformation in complex confined systems by simply tracking the morphological-equilibrium curvature evolution function κME (V) of the interface.When we approach the problem using different methods, we obtain results consistent with our theoretical description, and gain further insight into CE and FG phenomena in systems of our interest. Our experiment involving partial melting of planarized poly-Si thin films indicates that the influence of CE and FG on the melting behavior cannot be dismissed. Applying our thermodynamic analysis to a cuboid grain model, which by design is close to our experimental system, we confirm that CE and FG can indeed be expected or even dominant over a range of realistic material configurations. We pay particular attention to the scenarios where the evolving liquid phase cluster encounters abrupt changes of morphological or chemical boundary conditions, such as connecting with new catalyzing interfaces or other clusters. As a result of such a touch event, sudden and discontinuous change of the solid-liquid interface shape can take place, which we call a transmorphic transition, potentially having a critical impact on the subsequent phase transformation pathway of the entire system. We further employ discrete cluster kinetics simulation to illustrate a striking example of FG as a phase initiation and evolution mechanism, in which transmorphic transitions are enabled purely by thermal fluctuations, in absence of a thermodynamic driving force. As a completely independent, and therefore meaningful, approach, we also perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This method a priori assumes nothing about the solid-liquid interface curvature, and yet the emergent behavior from thermal fluctuations of individual atoms shows a behavior qualitatively remarkably consistent with our theoretical picture under CE and FG conditions.In the previous treatments in literature nucleation, CE, and FG have not been as systematically defined and categorized as the only three mechanisms of phase initiation and evolution in condensed and confined systems, and the role of thermal fluctuations in CE and FG has not been studied to the degree presented here. Our work thus has broad implications for the science of phase transformations, as well as applications of contemporary technological relevance, such as melt-mediated synthesis and processing of polycrystalline thin films and nanomaterials.
일반주제명  
Mechanical engineering
일반주제명  
Physics
일반주제명  
Materials science
일반주제명  
Condensed matter physics
일반주제명  
Thermodynamics
키워드  
Coexistence
키워드  
Free growth
키워드  
Gibbs-Thomson Function
키워드  
Morphological equilibrium hypothesis
키워드  
Phase transformation
키워드  
Transmorphic
기타저자  
Columbia University Mechanical Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aLisenko,  Nikita.
■24510▼aPhase  Initiation  and  Evolution  via  Coexistence  and  Free  Growth  in  Condensed  Systems
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a148  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Im,  James  S.;Yao,  Y.  Lawrence.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  work  presented  in  this  dissertation  is  motivated  by  the  need  for  deeper  understanding  of  phase  transformations  involving  interfaces  and  defects,  to  advance  the  science  of  materials  processing  and  to  address  the  challenges  in  current  and  emerging  technology.  We  take  on  several  independent  approaches  to  the  problem,  including  theory,  experiment,  and  simulation,  which  allows  us  to  formulate  and  validate  a  coherent  and  comprehensive  picture  of  phase  transformation  mechanisms.  Our  model  involves  recompiling  the  traditional  components  of  Gibbsian  thermodynamics  and  Classical  Nucleation  Theory  (CNT),  to  conformably  capture  the  other  two  classes  of  phase  transformation  phenomena,  namely  phase  coexistence  (CE)  and  free  growth  (FG),  and  their  impact  on  the  nonlinear  kinetic  phase  evolution  pathway.Our  work  is  timely  in  filling  the  insufficient  coverage  of  these  mechanisms  in  materials  science  literature,  because  they  can  become  especially  significant  in  small  and  confined  material  systems,  which  are  becoming  progressively  more  technologically  relevant.  A  particular  application  that  motivated  our  study  is  the  analysis  of  microstructure  evolution  during  fabrication  of  high-uniformity  polycrystalline  Si  (poly-Si)  thin  films  used  in  backplanes  for  advanced  displays.  Nanomaterials,  such  as  transistors  with  10  nm  features,  are  also  becoming  more  ubiquitous,  and  the  science  of  their  synthesis  and  stability  can  benefit  from  our  work  as  well.The  experimental  data  available  so  far  on  phase  transitions  involving  interfaces  is  limited  due  to  the  difficulty  of  distinguishing  such  localized,  transient,  and  minute  quantities  of  different  phases  of  matter,  as  well  as  it  is  ridden  by  complications  pertaining  to  each  individual  material  system,  all  of  which  obstruct  the  analysis  of  physical  behavior  in  terms  of  a  concise  and  general  theoretical  description.  In  the  work  presented  here  we  aim  to  bridge  this  gap  between  the  material  processing  methods  and  theory  by  performing  experiments  and  simulations,  specifically  designed  to  avoid  excessive  complicating  factors  and  facilitate  a  clear  conceptual  connection.  We  explain  the  observations  in  the  context  of  a  simple  phenomenological  picture,  which  we  developed  from  the  classical  fundamental  principles,  generalizing  them  to  capture  nontrivial  phase  evolution  behaviors.  Specifically,  we  perform  (1)  a  designed  laser  irradiation  experiment,  (2)  thermodynamic  and  kinetic  analyses,  (3)  and  molecular  dynamics  (MD)  simulation,  to  capture  the  interface-involving  melting  and  solidification  mechanisms,  and  quantify  their  impact  on  phase  initiation  and  evolution.In  materials  processing,  only  nucleation  and  growth  is  typically  considered  as  the  governing  mechanism  of  phase  initiation  and  evolution.  According  to  our  broader  analysis,  which  is  based  on  the  classical  principles  of  Gibbsian  thermodynamics,  we  additionally  identify  and  describe  phase  coexistence  (CE)  and  free  growth  (FG)  as  equally  relevant,  and  possibly  dominant,  modes  of  phase  transformation  behavior  encountered  in  real  material  systems.  These  mechanisms  are  distinct  from  nucleation,  which  requires  sub-critical  clusters  to  overcome  a  substantial  thermodynamic  barrier.  CE  represents  a  state  where  finite  quantities  of  a  new  phase  can  spontaneously  appear  and  exist  in  stable  or  metastable  equilibrium  within  the  parent  phase  matrix,  as  encountered  for  instance  in  the  case  of  curvature-induced  premelting.  In  contrast,  FG  is  characterized  by  a  critical  temperature  condition  to  eliminate  the  energy  barrier  for  phase  transformation,  and  can  be  mathematically  classified  as  neither  nucleation  nor  CE.  By  focusing  on  CE  and  FG  in  this  dissertation,  we  thus  capture  two  out  of  three  mathematically  and  thermodynamically  identifiable  initiation  modes  of  phase  transformation  in  condensed  systems.To  study  how  CE  and  FG  can  be  manifested  in  systems  of  our  interest,  we  employ  a  thermodynamic  analysis  of  phase  initiation  and  evolution  that  has  been  recently  developed  and  refined  in  our  group.  There,  we  first  recognize  the  significance  of  the  Gibbs-Thomson  Variation  (GTV),  which  determines  the  thermodynamic  driving  force  per  area  at  a  point  on  the  inter-phase  interface,  based  on  local  interface  curvature  and  temperature.  GTV  applies  everywhere  on  the  inter-phase  boundary  and  identifies  the  thermodynamically  favored  interface  evolution  pathway.  When  the  interface  is  under  morphological  equilibrium,  as  implicitly  assumed  in  Classical  Nucleation  Theory  (CNT)  descriptions,  GTV  can  be  translated  into  a  global  Gibbs-Thomson  Function  (GTF),  which  enables  us  to  readily  capture  the  thermodynamic  landscape  of  phase  transformation  in  complex  confined  systems  by  simply  tracking  the  morphological-equilibrium  curvature  evolution  function  κME  (V)  of  the  interface.When  we  approach  the  problem  using  different  methods,  we  obtain  results  consistent  with  our  theoretical  description,  and  gain  further  insight  into  CE  and  FG  phenomena  in  systems  of  our  interest.  Our  experiment  involving  partial  melting  of  planarized  poly-Si  thin  films  indicates  that  the  influence  of  CE  and  FG  on  the  melting  behavior  cannot  be  dismissed.  Applying  our  thermodynamic  analysis  to  a  cuboid  grain  model,  which  by  design  is  close  to  our  experimental  system,  we  confirm  that  CE  and  FG  can  indeed  be  expected  or  even  dominant  over  a  range  of  realistic  material  configurations.  We  pay  particular  attention  to  the  scenarios  where  the  evolving  liquid  phase  cluster  encounters  abrupt  changes  of  morphological  or  chemical  boundary  conditions,  such  as  connecting  with  new  catalyzing  interfaces  or  other  clusters.  As  a  result  of  such  a  touch  event,  sudden  and  discontinuous  change  of  the  solid-liquid  interface  shape  can  take  place,  which  we  call  a  transmorphic  transition,  potentially  having  a  critical  impact  on  the  subsequent  phase  transformation  pathway  of  the  entire  system.  We  further  employ  discrete  cluster  kinetics  simulation  to  illustrate  a  striking  example  of  FG  as  a  phase  initiation  and  evolution  mechanism,  in  which  transmorphic  transitions  are  enabled  purely  by  thermal  fluctuations,  in  absence  of  a  thermodynamic  driving  force.  As  a  completely  independent,  and  therefore  meaningful,  approach,  we  also  perform  molecular  dynamics  (MD)  simulations.  This  method  a  priori  assumes  nothing  about  the  solid-liquid  interface  curvature,  and  yet  the  emergent  behavior  from  thermal  fluctuations  of  individual  atoms  shows  a  behavior  qualitatively  remarkably  consistent  with  our  theoretical  picture  under  CE  and  FG  conditions.In  the  previous  treatments  in  literature  nucleation,  CE,  and  FG  have  not  been  as  systematically  defined  and  categorized  as  the  only  three  mechanisms  of  phase  initiation  and  evolution  in  condensed  and  confined  systems,  and  the  role  of  thermal  fluctuations  in  CE  and  FG  has  not  been  studied  to  the  degree  presented  here.  Our  work  thus  has  broad  implications  for  the  science  of  phase  transformations,  as  well  as  applications  of  contemporary  technological  relevance,  such  as  melt-mediated  synthesis  and  processing  of  polycrystalline  thin  films  and  nanomaterials.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■650  4▼aMechanical  engineering
■650  4▼aPhysics
■650  4▼aMaterials  science
■650  4▼aCondensed  matter  physics
■650  4▼aThermodynamics
■653    ▼aCoexistence
■653    ▼aFree  growth
■653    ▼aGibbs-Thomson  Function
■653    ▼aMorphological  equilibrium  hypothesis
■653    ▼aPhase  transformation
■653    ▼aTransmorphic
■690    ▼a0548
■690    ▼a0605
■690    ▼a0794
■690    ▼a0611
■690    ▼a0348
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bMechanical  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-02B.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164011▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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