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Time Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Electron Accommodation Dynamics for Iodide-Thiouracil and Iodide-Thymine Clusters
Time Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Electron Accommodation Dynamics for Iodide-Thi...
Time Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Electron Accommodation Dynamics for Iodide-Thiouracil and Iodide-Thymine Clusters

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151458
ISBN  
9798384453185
DDC  
541
저자명  
Asplund, Megan Patricia .
서명/저자  
Time Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Electron Accommodation Dynamics for Iodide-Thiouracil and Iodide-Thymine Clusters
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
97 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Neumark, Daniel M.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Interactions between low energy electrons (LEEs) and biological chromophores are fundamental in many processes which take place in living organisms. UV irradiation of a cell, for example, can lead to LEE attachment to DNA and RNA, inducing single and double strand breakages. Transient nucleobase anions generated by electron attachment have been implicated as being key to damage mechanisms.The process of LEE attachment to nucleobases may be modeled by time resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) of a cluster containing the nucleobase of interest and an electron donor species. The iodide acts as a controllable source of LEEs when excited by a UV pulse. A UV or IR probe pulse can detach an excess electron from a transient anion or photofragment, tracing the dynamics of electron transfer and accommodation.Small modifications to nucleobase structures can have a profound impact on electron dynamics. An excess electron can be accommodated as either a valence bound (VB) ion, in which a molecular valence orbital is populated, or a dipole bound (DB) ion, in which the electron is stabilized by interaction with the molecular dipole. Single atom replacements or addition of a methyl group can significantly change the binding energy associated with these anions. In this thesis, we employ TRPES to examine the electron dynamics for iodide-2-thiouracil (I-2TU), iodide-4-thiouracil (I-4TU), and iodide-thymine (I-T).Thiobases like 2-thiouracil and 4-thiouracil have an increased reactivity compared to the canonical nucleobases, leading to their potential application as sensitizers for phototherapies. Their properties can also clarify fundamental principles of nucleobases photophysics. The thiouracils have larger dipolar moments than uracil, but no evidence for thiouracil DB ions has been observed by single photon photoelectron spectroscopy. TRPES measurements of the corresponding iodide clusters enable us to determine whether these ions are fundamentally unstable or simply short-lived. The singly substituted thiouracils also have VB ions with significantly different properties than the VB ions of uracil or thymine. Thiouracil VB ions have much higher binding energies, facilitating rapid and complete DB to VB interconversion. 2-thiouracil has a pair of nearly degenerate ππ* transitions which other groups have associated with faster relaxation rates of the neutral species; 4-thiouracil has a particularly low energy ππ* transition that is accessible below the I-4TU VDE. Their study can therefore give us significant insight into the properties that are most important in electron accommodation of the canonical nucleobases by comparing changes in dynamics due to changes in these properties.Excitation of I-2TU near its vertical detachment energy (VDE) gives rise to DB and VB ion signals, with the DB signal appearing and decaying on ultrafast timescales (within the instrument response time) and bi-exponential decay of the VB signal. At 4.73 eV excitation, no DB signal is seen, but two signals are attributed to distinct but energetically similar VB anions arising from the nearly degenerate ππ* excitations. Utilizing a UV probe pulse, we find that the major decay product I- appears quite rapidly. Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory predicts a cluster dissociation time in reasonable agreement with the measured I- rise time, indicating that iodide reforms rapidly by back electron transfer.TRPES of I-4TU was performed with excitation energies below the cluster VDE and near the cluster VDE. We find that 3.88 eV excitation, which is resonant with a 4TU ππ* transition but below the cluster VDE, facilitates the formation of valence bound anions without the mediation of a dipole bound state. This provides empirical evidence for a previously proposed mechanism wherein nucleobase localized excitation is key to VB ion formation. Near-VDE excitation of the cluster gives rise to DB and VB anion signal, with two distinct time regimes for VB anion formation. The first is ultra-fast formation associated with ππ* excitation and the second is a slower rise corresponding to DB to VB interconversion.Electron accommodation dynamics of I-T were previously measured with an IR (1.55 eV) probe energy. In light of results for the thiouracils, these dynamics with a UV proper energy merit analysis. The higher energy probe reveals an ion signal bound by 1-2 eV in addition to the canonical T VB ion. The VDE of this new ion signal is in reasonable agreement with the calculated VDE of a thymine tautomer anion. The UV probe pulse also enables us to measure the iodide dissociation time, which is found to be much slower than that of the other iodide nucleobase clusters we have measured but is similar to the decay time of the tautomer ion signal. This suggests that because the VB signal from the canonical tautomer of thymine is depleted rapidly and efficiently by electron autodetachment, reformation of iodide comes from decay of the thymine rare tautomer's VB anion. The rise of the tautomer anion signal gives an approximate tautomerization time constant of 8 ps.
일반주제명  
Physical chemistry
일반주제명  
Chemistry
일반주제명  
Applied physics
키워드  
Dynamics
키워드  
Canonical nucleobases
키워드  
Single photon photoelectron spectroscopy
키워드  
Thiouracils
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Chemistry
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■006m          o    d                
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■020    ▼a9798384453185
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31297444
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a541
■1001  ▼aAsplund,  Megan  Patricia  .
■24510▼aTime  Resolved  Photoelectron  Spectroscopy  of  Electron  Accommodation  Dynamics  for  Iodide-Thiouracil  and  Iodide-Thymine  Clusters
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a97  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Neumark,  Daniel  M.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2024.
■520    ▼aInteractions  between  low  energy  electrons  (LEEs)  and  biological  chromophores  are  fundamental  in  many  processes  which  take  place  in  living  organisms.  UV  irradiation  of  a  cell,  for  example,  can  lead  to  LEE  attachment  to  DNA  and  RNA,  inducing  single  and  double  strand  breakages.  Transient  nucleobase  anions  generated  by  electron  attachment  have  been  implicated  as  being  key  to  damage  mechanisms.The  process  of  LEE  attachment  to  nucleobases  may  be  modeled  by  time  resolved  photoelectron  spectroscopy  (TRPES)  of  a  cluster  containing  the  nucleobase  of  interest  and  an  electron  donor  species.  The  iodide  acts  as  a  controllable  source  of  LEEs  when  excited  by  a  UV  pulse.  A  UV  or  IR  probe  pulse  can  detach  an  excess  electron  from  a  transient  anion  or  photofragment,  tracing  the  dynamics  of  electron  transfer  and  accommodation.Small  modifications  to  nucleobase  structures  can  have  a  profound  impact  on  electron  dynamics.  An  excess  electron  can  be  accommodated  as  either  a  valence  bound  (VB)  ion,  in  which  a  molecular  valence  orbital  is  populated,  or  a  dipole  bound  (DB)  ion,  in  which  the  electron  is  stabilized  by  interaction  with  the  molecular  dipole.  Single  atom  replacements  or  addition  of  a  methyl  group  can  significantly  change  the  binding  energy  associated  with  these  anions.  In  this  thesis,  we  employ  TRPES  to  examine  the  electron  dynamics  for  iodide-2-thiouracil  (I-2TU),  iodide-4-thiouracil  (I-4TU),  and  iodide-thymine  (I-T).Thiobases  like  2-thiouracil  and  4-thiouracil  have  an  increased  reactivity  compared  to  the  canonical  nucleobases,  leading  to  their  potential  application  as  sensitizers  for  phototherapies.  Their  properties  can  also  clarify  fundamental  principles  of  nucleobases  photophysics.  The  thiouracils  have  larger  dipolar  moments  than  uracil,  but  no  evidence  for  thiouracil  DB  ions  has  been  observed  by  single  photon  photoelectron  spectroscopy.  TRPES  measurements  of  the  corresponding  iodide  clusters  enable  us  to  determine  whether  these  ions  are  fundamentally  unstable  or  simply  short-lived.  The  singly  substituted  thiouracils  also  have  VB  ions  with  significantly  different  properties  than  the  VB  ions  of  uracil  or  thymine.  Thiouracil  VB  ions  have  much  higher  binding  energies,  facilitating  rapid  and  complete  DB  to  VB  interconversion.  2-thiouracil  has  a  pair  of  nearly  degenerate  ππ*  transitions  which  other  groups  have  associated  with  faster  relaxation  rates  of  the  neutral  species;  4-thiouracil  has  a  particularly  low  energy  ππ*  transition  that  is  accessible  below  the  I-4TU  VDE.  Their  study  can  therefore  give  us  significant  insight  into  the  properties  that  are  most  important  in  electron  accommodation  of  the  canonical  nucleobases  by  comparing  changes  in  dynamics  due  to  changes  in  these  properties.Excitation  of  I-2TU  near  its  vertical  detachment  energy  (VDE)  gives  rise  to  DB  and  VB  ion  signals,  with  the  DB  signal  appearing  and  decaying  on  ultrafast  timescales  (within  the  instrument  response  time)  and  bi-exponential  decay  of  the  VB  signal.  At  4.73  eV  excitation,  no  DB  signal  is  seen,  but  two  signals  are  attributed  to  distinct  but  energetically  similar  VB  anions  arising  from  the  nearly  degenerate  ππ*  excitations.  Utilizing  a  UV  probe  pulse,  we  find  that  the  major  decay  product  I-  appears  quite  rapidly.  Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus  (RRKM)  theory  predicts  a  cluster  dissociation  time  in  reasonable  agreement  with  the  measured  I-  rise  time,  indicating  that  iodide  reforms  rapidly  by  back  electron  transfer.TRPES  of  I-4TU  was  performed  with  excitation  energies  below  the  cluster  VDE  and  near  the  cluster  VDE.  We  find  that  3.88  eV  excitation,  which  is  resonant  with  a  4TU  ππ*  transition  but  below  the  cluster  VDE,  facilitates  the  formation  of  valence  bound  anions  without  the  mediation  of  a  dipole  bound  state.  This  provides  empirical  evidence  for  a  previously  proposed  mechanism  wherein  nucleobase  localized  excitation  is  key  to  VB  ion  formation.  Near-VDE  excitation  of  the  cluster  gives  rise  to  DB  and  VB  anion  signal,  with  two  distinct  time  regimes  for  VB  anion  formation.  The  first  is  ultra-fast  formation  associated  with  ππ*  excitation  and  the  second  is  a  slower  rise  corresponding  to  DB  to  VB  interconversion.Electron  accommodation  dynamics  of  I-T  were  previously  measured  with  an  IR  (1.55  eV)  probe  energy.  In  light  of  results  for  the  thiouracils,  these  dynamics  with  a  UV  proper  energy  merit  analysis.  The  higher  energy  probe  reveals  an  ion  signal  bound  by  1-2  eV  in  addition  to  the  canonical  T  VB  ion.  The  VDE  of  this  new  ion  signal  is  in  reasonable  agreement  with  the  calculated  VDE  of  a  thymine  tautomer  anion.  The  UV  probe  pulse  also  enables  us  to  measure  the  iodide  dissociation  time,  which  is  found  to  be  much  slower  than  that  of  the  other  iodide  nucleobase  clusters  we  have  measured  but  is  similar  to  the  decay  time  of  the  tautomer  ion  signal.  This  suggests  that  because  the  VB  signal  from  the  canonical  tautomer  of  thymine  is  depleted  rapidly  and  efficiently  by  electron  autodetachment,  reformation  of  iodide  comes  from  decay  of  the  thymine  rare  tautomer's  VB  anion.  The  rise  of  the  tautomer  anion  signal  gives  an  approximate  tautomerization  time  constant  of  8  ps.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aPhysical  chemistry
■650  4▼aChemistry
■650  4▼aApplied  physics
■653    ▼aDynamics
■653    ▼aCanonical  nucleobases
■653    ▼aSingle  photon  photoelectron  spectroscopy
■653    ▼aThiouracils
■690    ▼a0494
■690    ▼a0215
■690    ▼a0485
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bChemistry.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161888▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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