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Observations and Physical Modeling of the Near-Surface Ocean: Fundamental Insights Into Solar Heating, Diurnal Warming, Precipitation, and Ocean-Ice Heat Flux
Observations and Physical Modeling of the Near-Surface Ocean: Fundamental Insights Into So...
Observations and Physical Modeling of the Near-Surface Ocean: Fundamental Insights Into Solar Heating, Diurnal Warming, Precipitation, and Ocean-Ice Heat Flux

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153033
ISBN  
9798346763055
DDC  
551.46
저자명  
Witte, Carson Riggs.
서명/저자  
Observations and Physical Modeling of the Near-Surface Ocean: Fundamental Insights Into Solar Heating, Diurnal Warming, Precipitation, and Ocean-Ice Heat Flux
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
183 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-06, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Zappa, Christopher J.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The interaction between ocean and atmosphere sits at the heart of the climate system, and the empirical parameterizations of air-sea fluxes required to couple models of the two media together typically rest on the assumption that the upper ocean is homogenized by turbulent mixing. However, there are a number of globally relevant phenomena that modify the density structure of the surface ocean at vertical scales of just a few meters, affecting the coupling between the ocean and atmosphere. Because of their limited vertical scale and intermittent temporal occurrence, the effects of near-surface processes can be challenging to represent accurately in both fundamental physical theory and computational modeling, and must be accounted for when making in-situ and remote sensing measurements of the ocean surface. The four chapters presented herein address diverse near-surface phenomena - sea ice, precipitation, phytoplankton, and diurnal warming - through a consistent philosophy of using comprehensive observational datasets from above and below the air-sea interface to interrogate and improve upon our theoretical understanding of the processes at play. In each case, the comparison between observations and theoretical modeling reveals the strengths and limitations of the current models and motivates new modifications. Specifically, this work provides observation-based improvements to the accuracy of theoretical frameworks for the ocean-ice heat transfer coefficient, ocean skin temperature during precipitation, solar heating in the ocean's upper meters in the presence of variable phytoplankton concentrations, and diurnal warm layer response to changes in wind forcing. Crucially, the proposed modifications avoid introducing unnecessary or prohibitive increases in complexity, so that, where appropriate, they may be readily implemented into the current generation of global climate models.In Chapter 1, we present oceanographic and atmospheric time series from a heavily instrumented "ice-tethered observatory" located on landfast ice above the river outflow channel in front of Kotzebue, Alaska. This observing station was deployed as part of the Ikaagvik Sikukun (Inupiaq for "Ice Bridges") project, in which hypotheses and subsequent observational programs were co-produced in partnership with an Indigenous Elder advisory council in Kotzebue. The measurements allow us to quantify the heat budget of the ice above the outflow channel, and identify the ocean as the primary source of heat contributing to thinning of the ice, while also revealing a fundamental limitation of the current approach to calculating ocean-ice heat fluxes from bulk properties.In Chapter 2, we present radiometric observations of ocean skin temperature, near-surface (5cm) temperature from a towed thermistor, and bulk atmospheric and oceanic variables, for 69 rain events observed over the course of 4 months in the Indian Ocean as part of the DYNAMO project. We test a state-of-the-art prognostic model developed by Bellenger et al. (2017) to predict ocean skin temperature in the presence of rain, and demonstrate a physically motivated modification to the model that improves its performance with increasing rain rate. We also characterize the vertical skin-bulk temperature gradient induced by rain and find that it levels off at high rain rates, suggestive of a transition in skin-layer physics that has been previously hypothesized in the literature.In Chapter 3, we identify a need for a parameterization that is accurate in the upper meters and contains an explicitly spectral dependence on the concentration of biogenic material, while maintaining the computational simplicity of the parameterizations currently in use. To address this, we assemble simple, observationally-validated physical modeling tools for the key controls on ocean radiant heating, and simplify them into a parameterization that fulfills this need. We then use observations from 64 spectroradiometer depth casts across 6 cruises in diverse water bodies, 13 surface hyperspectral radiometer deployments, and 2 UAV flights to probe the accuracy and uncertainty associated with the new parameterization. We conclude with a novel case study using the parameterization to demonstrate the impact of chlorophyll concentration on the structure of diurnal warm layers.In Chapter 4, we present co-located measurements of vertical temperature and turbulence structures in large DWLs made from a lagrangian float featuring a robotic lead screw T/S profiler and pulse-to-pulse coherent ADCP, yielding particularly revealing observations of the DWL response to variability in wind and solar forcing at sub-hourly timescales. Comparison of these observations with several upper ocean models reveals the importance of the solar heating parameterization developed in Chapter 3, and suggests a modification to the critical bulk Richardson number currently employed in the K-Profile Parameterization. Comparison to a simple scaling for DWL evolution highlights both the scaling's potential and its limitations, and a new extension to the scaling is developed to remedy its inaccuracy in cases of wind decrease. 
일반주제명  
Physical oceanography
일반주제명  
Climate change
일반주제명  
Atmospheric sciences
일반주제명  
Geophysics
키워드  
Diurnal warming
키워드  
Ocean-ice heat fluxes
키워드  
Phytoplankton
키워드  
Precipitation
키워드  
Process study
키워드  
Solar heating
기타저자  
Columbia University Earth and Environmental Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-06B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aWitte,  Carson  Riggs.
■24510▼aObservations  and  Physical  Modeling  of  the  Near-Surface  Ocean:  Fundamental  Insights  Into  Solar  Heating,  Diurnal  Warming,  Precipitation,  and  Ocean-Ice  Heat  Flux
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a183  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-06,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Zappa,  Christopher  J.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  interaction  between  ocean  and  atmosphere  sits  at  the  heart  of  the  climate  system,  and  the  empirical  parameterizations  of  air-sea  fluxes  required  to  couple  models  of  the  two  media  together  typically  rest  on  the  assumption  that  the  upper  ocean  is  homogenized  by  turbulent  mixing.  However,  there  are  a  number  of  globally  relevant  phenomena  that  modify  the  density  structure  of  the  surface  ocean  at  vertical  scales  of  just  a  few  meters,  affecting  the  coupling  between  the  ocean  and  atmosphere.  Because  of  their  limited  vertical  scale  and  intermittent  temporal  occurrence,  the  effects  of  near-surface  processes  can  be  challenging  to  represent  accurately  in  both  fundamental  physical  theory  and  computational  modeling,  and  must  be  accounted  for  when  making  in-situ  and  remote  sensing  measurements  of  the  ocean  surface.  The  four  chapters  presented  herein  address  diverse  near-surface  phenomena  -  sea  ice,  precipitation,  phytoplankton,  and  diurnal  warming  -  through  a  consistent  philosophy  of  using  comprehensive  observational  datasets  from  above  and  below  the  air-sea  interface  to  interrogate  and  improve  upon  our  theoretical  understanding  of  the  processes  at  play.  In  each  case,  the  comparison  between  observations  and  theoretical  modeling  reveals  the  strengths  and  limitations  of  the  current  models  and  motivates  new  modifications.  Specifically,  this  work  provides  observation-based  improvements  to  the  accuracy  of  theoretical  frameworks  for  the  ocean-ice  heat  transfer coefficient,  ocean  skin  temperature  during  precipitation,  solar  heating  in  the  ocean's  upper  meters  in  the  presence  of  variable  phytoplankton  concentrations,  and  diurnal  warm  layer  response  to  changes  in  wind  forcing.  Crucially,  the  proposed  modifications  avoid  introducing  unnecessary  or  prohibitive  increases  in  complexity,  so  that,  where  appropriate,  they  may  be  readily  implemented  into  the  current  generation  of  global  climate  models.In  Chapter  1,  we  present  oceanographic  and  atmospheric  time  series  from  a  heavily  instrumented  "ice-tethered  observatory"  located  on  landfast  ice  above  the  river  outflow  channel  in  front  of  Kotzebue,  Alaska.  This  observing  station  was  deployed  as  part  of  the  Ikaagvik  Sikukun  (Inupiaq  for  "Ice  Bridges")  project,  in  which  hypotheses  and  subsequent  observational  programs  were  co-produced  in  partnership  with  an  Indigenous  Elder  advisory  council  in  Kotzebue.  The  measurements  allow  us  to  quantify  the  heat  budget  of  the  ice  above  the  outflow  channel,  and  identify  the  ocean  as  the  primary  source  of  heat  contributing  to  thinning  of  the  ice,  while  also  revealing  a  fundamental  limitation  of  the  current  approach  to  calculating  ocean-ice  heat  fluxes  from  bulk  properties.In  Chapter  2,  we  present  radiometric  observations  of  ocean  skin  temperature,  near-surface  (5cm)  temperature  from  a  towed  thermistor,  and  bulk  atmospheric  and  oceanic  variables,  for  69  rain  events  observed  over  the  course  of  4  months  in  the  Indian  Ocean  as  part  of  the  DYNAMO  project.  We  test  a  state-of-the-art  prognostic  model  developed  by  Bellenger  et  al.  (2017)  to  predict  ocean  skin  temperature  in  the  presence  of  rain,  and  demonstrate  a  physically  motivated  modification  to  the  model  that  improves  its  performance  with  increasing  rain  rate.  We  also  characterize  the  vertical  skin-bulk  temperature  gradient  induced  by  rain  and  find  that  it  levels  off  at  high  rain  rates,  suggestive  of  a  transition  in  skin-layer  physics  that  has  been  previously  hypothesized  in  the  literature.In  Chapter  3,  we  identify  a  need  for  a  parameterization  that  is  accurate  in  the  upper  meters  and  contains  an  explicitly  spectral  dependence  on  the  concentration  of  biogenic  material,  while  maintaining  the  computational  simplicity  of  the  parameterizations  currently  in  use.  To  address  this,  we  assemble  simple,  observationally-validated  physical  modeling  tools  for  the  key  controls  on  ocean  radiant  heating,  and  simplify  them  into  a  parameterization  that  fulfills  this  need.  We  then  use  observations  from  64  spectroradiometer  depth  casts  across  6  cruises  in  diverse  water  bodies,  13  surface  hyperspectral  radiometer  deployments,  and  2  UAV  flights  to  probe  the  accuracy  and  uncertainty  associated  with  the  new  parameterization.  We  conclude  with  a  novel  case  study  using  the  parameterization  to  demonstrate  the  impact  of  chlorophyll  concentration  on  the  structure  of  diurnal  warm  layers.In  Chapter  4,  we  present  co-located  measurements  of  vertical  temperature  and  turbulence  structures  in  large  DWLs  made  from  a  lagrangian  float  featuring  a  robotic  lead  screw  T/S  profiler  and  pulse-to-pulse  coherent  ADCP,  yielding  particularly  revealing  observations  of  the  DWL  response  to  variability  in  wind  and  solar  forcing  at  sub-hourly  timescales.  Comparison  of  these  observations  with  several  upper  ocean  models  reveals  the  importance  of  the  solar  heating  parameterization  developed  in  Chapter  3,  and  suggests  a  modification  to  the  critical  bulk  Richardson  number  currently  employed  in  the  K-Profile  Parameterization.  Comparison  to  a  simple  scaling  for  DWL  evolution  highlights  both  the  scaling's  potential  and  its  limitations,  and  a  new  extension  to  the  scaling  is  developed  to  remedy  its  inaccuracy  in  cases  of  wind  decrease. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■650  4▼aPhysical  oceanography
■650  4▼aClimate  change
■650  4▼aAtmospheric  sciences
■650  4▼aGeophysics
■653    ▼aDiurnal  warming
■653    ▼aOcean-ice  heat  fluxes
■653    ▼aPhytoplankton
■653    ▼aPrecipitation
■653    ▼aProcess  study
■653    ▼aSolar  heating
■690    ▼a0415
■690    ▼a0404
■690    ▼a0725
■690    ▼a0373
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bEarth  and  Environmental  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-06B.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164703▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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