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Psychiatry's Second Validity Crisis: The Problem of Disparate Validation
Psychiatry's Second Validity Crisis: The Problem of Disparate Validation
Psychiatry's Second Validity Crisis: The Problem of Disparate Validation

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151321
ISBN  
9798382592978
DDC  
501
저자명  
Zautra, Nicholas Gaddis.
서명/저자  
Psychiatrys Second Validity Crisis: The Problem of Disparate Validation
발행사항  
[Sl] : Indiana University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
247 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Ludwig, Kirk;Zachar, Peter.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약In response to the crisis of confidence in the validity of the DSM's diagnostic categories, psychiatry has seen a proliferation of alternative research frameworks for studying and classifying psychiatric disorders in new ways. The big three alternative approaches-the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), the Network Approach to Psychopathology, and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)-have been characterized as healthy responses to the DSM's crisis of validity.A yet unexplored aspect of psychiatry's validity crisis is related to disagreements regarding the standards of validity. Each of the approaches have multiple distinct senses of validity, which point to a thornier methodological problem for psychiatry that I term the problem of "disparate validation." This two-part problem can be summarized as follows: scientific psychiatry aims at achieving empirically informed classifications that demonstrate validity in the sense that they correspond to real attributes of psychopathology. To achieve this, alternative research frameworks are now approaching the conceptualization, testing, organizing, and validation of different features of psychopathology by their own standards in the hopes of one day informing more valid systems of psychiatric classification. The first problem is given a system of classification, by whose standard of validity should such a system be validated? Is there a single validation procedure by which validation should proceed, or some other combination thereof? Second, when we attempt to validate classifications informed by differing standards of validity, will any such validation be capable of assessing a unified fundamental sense of validity that exists across the various frameworks, or will they only be valid in their own narrow sense?In this dissertation, I offer an assessment of the problem of disparate validation through faithful reconstructions of the Holy Quadrinity of distinct senses of validity in psychiatry: starting with diagnostic validity (DSM) and proceeding with psychometric validity (HiTOP), network psychometric validity (the Network Approach), and etio-pathophysiological validity (RDoC). I introduce commonalities across frameworks that have not been previously addressed, including how each framework employs expert curation, being the selection and justification of certain elements into their model based on compromises, and how the goal of each framework eventually becomes a return to the original validators of Robins and Guze to evaluate prognosis, biomarkers, and etiology of psychiatric classifications.By evaluating psychiatry's distinct senses of validity, I argue that despite an appearance of a shared goal of informing more valid classifications, the existence of multiple frameworks in which each employs their own standards of validity and validation is a detrimental methodology to achieve any kind of unified validation work. At its core, fundamental disagreements concerning 1) the underlying phenomenon that researchers are attempting to make inferences about; 2) the sources of validating evidence; and 3) the very nature of validity and validation, move each framework further and further toward a state of unrecognized plurality, in which these frameworks are really not at all talking about the same thing and are in fact engaged in different projects with different aims. I conclude with a positive program that suggests in what ways such different frameworks with distinct validation procedures can achieve validity in their own specific sense while also coming to inform one another through a kind of complementary pluralism.
일반주제명  
Philosophy of science
일반주제명  
Mental health
일반주제명  
Philosophy
일반주제명  
Clinical psychology
키워드  
Psychiatry
키워드  
Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology
키워드  
Holy Quadrinity
키워드  
Network psychometric validity
키워드  
Pluralism
기타저자  
Indiana University Cognitive Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aZautra,  Nicholas  Gaddis.
■24510▼aPsychiatry's  Second  Validity  Crisis:  The  Problem  of  Disparate  Validation
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bIndiana  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a247  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Ludwig,  Kirk;Zachar,  Peter.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Indiana  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aIn  response  to  the  crisis  of  confidence  in  the  validity  of  the  DSM's  diagnostic  categories,  psychiatry  has  seen  a  proliferation  of  alternative  research  frameworks  for  studying  and  classifying  psychiatric  disorders  in  new  ways.  The  big  three  alternative  approaches-the  Hierarchical  Taxonomy  of  Psychopathology  (HiTOP),  the  Network  Approach  to  Psychopathology,  and  the  Research  Domain  Criteria  (RDoC)-have  been  characterized  as  healthy  responses  to  the  DSM's  crisis  of  validity.A  yet  unexplored  aspect  of  psychiatry's  validity  crisis  is  related  to  disagreements  regarding  the  standards  of  validity.  Each  of  the  approaches  have  multiple  distinct  senses  of  validity,  which  point  to  a  thornier  methodological  problem  for  psychiatry  that  I  term  the  problem  of  "disparate  validation."  This  two-part  problem  can  be  summarized  as  follows:  scientific  psychiatry  aims  at  achieving  empirically  informed  classifications  that  demonstrate  validity  in  the  sense  that  they  correspond  to  real  attributes  of  psychopathology.  To  achieve  this,  alternative  research  frameworks  are  now  approaching  the  conceptualization,  testing,  organizing,  and  validation  of  different  features  of  psychopathology  by  their  own  standards  in  the  hopes  of  one  day  informing  more  valid  systems  of  psychiatric  classification.  The  first  problem  is  given  a  system  of  classification,  by  whose  standard  of  validity  should  such  a  system  be  validated?  Is  there  a  single  validation  procedure  by  which  validation  should  proceed,  or  some  other  combination  thereof?  Second,  when  we  attempt  to  validate  classifications  informed  by  differing  standards  of  validity,  will  any  such  validation  be  capable  of  assessing  a  unified  fundamental  sense  of  validity  that  exists  across  the  various  frameworks,  or  will  they  only  be  valid  in  their  own  narrow  sense?In  this  dissertation,  I  offer  an  assessment  of  the  problem  of  disparate  validation  through  faithful  reconstructions  of  the  Holy  Quadrinity  of  distinct  senses  of  validity  in  psychiatry:  starting  with  diagnostic  validity  (DSM)  and  proceeding  with  psychometric  validity  (HiTOP),  network  psychometric  validity  (the  Network  Approach),  and  etio-pathophysiological  validity  (RDoC).  I  introduce  commonalities  across  frameworks  that  have  not  been  previously  addressed,  including  how  each  framework  employs  expert  curation,  being  the  selection  and  justification  of  certain  elements  into  their  model  based  on  compromises,  and  how  the  goal  of  each  framework  eventually  becomes  a  return  to  the  original  validators  of  Robins  and  Guze  to  evaluate  prognosis,  biomarkers,  and  etiology  of  psychiatric  classifications.By  evaluating  psychiatry's  distinct  senses  of  validity,  I  argue  that  despite  an  appearance  of  a  shared  goal  of  informing  more  valid  classifications,  the  existence  of  multiple  frameworks  in  which  each  employs  their  own  standards  of  validity  and  validation  is  a  detrimental  methodology  to  achieve  any  kind  of  unified  validation  work.  At  its  core,  fundamental  disagreements  concerning  1)  the  underlying  phenomenon  that  researchers  are  attempting  to  make  inferences  about;  2)  the  sources  of  validating  evidence;  and  3)  the  very  nature  of  validity  and  validation,  move  each  framework  further  and  further  toward  a  state  of  unrecognized  plurality,  in  which  these  frameworks  are  really  not  at  all  talking  about  the  same  thing  and  are  in  fact  engaged  in  different  projects  with  different  aims.  I  conclude  with  a  positive  program  that  suggests  in  what  ways  such  different  frameworks  with  distinct  validation  procedures  can  achieve  validity  in  their  own  specific  sense  while  also  coming  to  inform  one  another  through  a  kind  of  complementary  pluralism.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0093.
■650  4▼aPhilosophy  of  science
■650  4▼aMental  health
■650  4▼aPhilosophy
■650  4▼aClinical  psychology
■653    ▼aPsychiatry
■653    ▼aHierarchical  Taxonomy  of  Psychopathology
■653    ▼aHoly  Quadrinity
■653    ▼aNetwork  psychometric  validity
■653    ▼aPluralism
■690    ▼a0402
■690    ▼a0422
■690    ▼a0347
■690    ▼a0622
■71020▼aIndiana  University▼bCognitive  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-11B.
■790    ▼a0093
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161186▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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