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Structural Characterization of Microbial Pathogenesis: From Viruses to Parasites
Structural Characterization of Microbial Pathogenesis: From Viruses to Parasites
Structural Characterization of Microbial Pathogenesis: From Viruses to Parasites

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152830
ISBN  
9798384080893
DDC  
576
저자명  
Stevens, Alexander.
서명/저자  
Structural Characterization of Microbial Pathogenesis: From Viruses to Parasites
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
211 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Includes supplementary digital materials.
주기사항  
Advisor: Zhou, Hong;Rodriguez, Jose A.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Diseases caused by pathogenic microbes impose a substantial economic and public health burden on the world. Advancements in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) have revolutionized our ability to describe the atomic structures driving microbial pathogenesis, while eliminating artefacts introduced by classical structure methods. CryoEM improves both the biological context of these structures and broadens the scope of structural investigations to include large and dynamic complexes, where subtle differences can yield insights critical to combating these microbes.I began my thesis research by leveraging recent advancements in cryoEM image processing to address gaps in our understanding of the assembly and replication of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses. We began with the study of a dsRNA virus with minimal genomic complexity, which lacks the capacity for intercellular infection. The resulting 3.6 A structure of the viral capsid informs us on the essential features required for dsRNA virus replication. We next turned to a more complex dsRNA virus, Aquareovirus (ARV), which poses a serious threat to aquaculture. By resolving the asymmetric structure of ARV capsid core-an intermediate state of the replication process-to 3.3 A, we could use the subtle differences between the complete and core particles to suggest a mechanism that explains the previously observed phenomenon of transcriptional inhibition in the complete particle. Our findings in both viruses deepen our understanding of viral replication in dsRNA viruses.Following this, we used cryoEM structures of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) capsid to guide the rational design of mutants targeting the protein-protein interface between the HCMV specific tegument protein, pp150, and the capsid. This structure guided mutagenesis allowed us to identify the potential mechanism of pp150 nuclear import and discover an attenuating mutation that slowed viral replication. Interestingly, this reduced replication rate did not compromise virion formation, suggesting such a mutation in clinical strains, may slow replication sufficiently for use as a vaccine strain, without affecting the virus's antigenic profile.Lastly, we applied cryoEM to cytoskeletal elements from the common genitourinary parasite T. vaginalis (Tv). As Tv pathogenicity relies upon the multifunctional, motile flagella, we aim to characterize the flagellar cytoskeleton, namely the doublet microtubules of the axoneme. In doing so, we identified the minimally complex arrangement of microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) that facilitate motility through the viscous environment of the host genitourinary tract. Furthermore, we identified a Novel MIP Tv-specific protein as a potential drug target.This work demonstrates the versatility of cryoEM to resolve new high-resolution structures, identify novel drug targets, and guide the rational design of mutants to probe protein-protein interactions and inform on the mechanisms of pathogenesis.
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Pathology
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Parasitology
일반주제명  
Virology
키워드  
Cryogenic electron microscopy
키워드  
Herpesviruses
키워드  
Pathogenesis
키워드  
Structural biology
키워드  
Trichomonas vaginalis
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Biochemistry Molecular and Structural Biology 0090
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
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■1001  ▼aStevens,  Alexander.
■24510▼aStructural  Characterization  of  Microbial  Pathogenesis:  From  Viruses  to  Parasites
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a211  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aIncludes  supplementary  digital  materials.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Zhou,  Hong;Rodriguez,  Jose  A.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2024.
■520    ▼aDiseases  caused  by  pathogenic  microbes  impose  a  substantial  economic  and  public  health  burden  on  the  world.  Advancements  in  cryogenic  electron  microscopy  (cryoEM)  have  revolutionized  our  ability  to  describe  the  atomic  structures  driving  microbial  pathogenesis,  while  eliminating  artefacts  introduced  by  classical  structure  methods.  CryoEM  improves  both  the  biological  context  of  these  structures  and  broadens  the  scope  of  structural  investigations  to  include  large  and  dynamic  complexes,  where  subtle  differences  can  yield  insights  critical  to  combating  these  microbes.I  began  my  thesis  research  by  leveraging  recent  advancements  in  cryoEM  image  processing  to  address  gaps  in  our  understanding  of  the  assembly  and  replication  of  double  stranded  RNA  (dsRNA)  viruses.  We  began  with  the  study  of  a  dsRNA  virus  with  minimal  genomic  complexity,  which  lacks  the  capacity  for  intercellular  infection.  The  resulting  3.6  A  structure  of  the  viral  capsid  informs  us  on  the  essential  features  required  for  dsRNA  virus  replication.  We  next  turned  to  a  more  complex  dsRNA  virus,  Aquareovirus  (ARV),  which  poses  a  serious  threat  to  aquaculture.  By  resolving  the  asymmetric  structure  of  ARV  capsid  core-an  intermediate  state  of  the  replication  process-to  3.3  A,  we  could  use  the  subtle  differences  between  the  complete  and  core  particles  to  suggest  a  mechanism  that  explains  the  previously  observed  phenomenon  of  transcriptional  inhibition  in  the  complete  particle.  Our  findings  in  both  viruses  deepen  our  understanding  of  viral  replication  in  dsRNA  viruses.Following  this,  we  used  cryoEM  structures  of  the  human  cytomegalovirus  (HCMV)  capsid  to  guide  the  rational  design  of  mutants  targeting  the  protein-protein  interface  between  the  HCMV  specific  tegument  protein,  pp150,  and  the  capsid.  This  structure  guided  mutagenesis  allowed  us  to  identify  the  potential  mechanism  of  pp150  nuclear  import  and  discover  an  attenuating  mutation  that  slowed  viral  replication.  Interestingly,  this  reduced  replication  rate  did  not  compromise  virion  formation,  suggesting  such  a  mutation  in  clinical  strains,  may  slow  replication  sufficiently  for  use  as  a  vaccine  strain,  without  affecting  the  virus's  antigenic  profile.Lastly,  we  applied  cryoEM  to  cytoskeletal  elements  from  the  common  genitourinary  parasite  T.  vaginalis  (Tv).  As  Tv  pathogenicity  relies  upon  the  multifunctional,  motile  flagella,  we  aim  to  characterize  the  flagellar  cytoskeleton,  namely  the  doublet  microtubules  of  the  axoneme.  In  doing  so,  we  identified  the  minimally  complex  arrangement  of  microtubule  inner  proteins  (MIPs)  that  facilitate  motility  through  the  viscous  environment  of  the  host  genitourinary  tract.  Furthermore,  we  identified  a  Novel  MIP  Tv-specific  protein  as  a  potential  drug  target.This  work  demonstrates  the  versatility  of  cryoEM  to  resolve  new  high-resolution  structures,  identify  novel  drug  targets,  and  guide  the  rational  design  of  mutants  to  probe  protein-protein  interactions  and  inform  on  the  mechanisms  of  pathogenesis.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aPathology
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aParasitology
■650  4▼aVirology
■653    ▼aCryogenic  electron  microscopy
■653    ▼aHerpesviruses
■653    ▼aPathogenesis
■653    ▼aStructural  biology
■653    ▼aTrichomonas  vaginalis
■690    ▼a0410
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0720
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0718
■690    ▼a0571
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bBiochemistry,  Molecular  and  Structural  Biology  0090.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164086▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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