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Adding to and Building Up Very Small Nervous Systems
Adding to and Building Up Very Small Nervous Systems
Adding to and Building Up Very Small Nervous Systems

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152832
ISBN  
9798346571759
DDC  
616
저자명  
Li, Chenguang.
서명/저자  
Adding to and Building Up Very Small Nervous Systems
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
187 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Kreiman, Gabriel;Ramanathan, Sharad.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation asks and tries to answer two questions: first, how might one add to the living nervous system of a small animal using artificial methods? Second, how might one design an algorithm that reproduces some of the hallmark characteristics of natural intelligence, many of which are still missing from current artificial neural networks?To address the first question, we present an approach that integrates deep reinforcement learning agents with the nervous system of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, a nematode with 302 neurons. We integrate the artificial and biological networks using optogenetics, and design our artificial agent to navigate animals to given targets. We find that agents can learn appropriate strategies for different sets of neurons, even when neuronal roles in behavior are very different from each other. We show several possible applications of the reinforcement learning (RL)-C. elegans system, including mapping out neural policies that are sufficient to drive target behaviors, studying the behavior of RL agents in biologically relevant environments, and accomplishing goals that utilize the strengths of both artificial and biological intelligences.To answer the second question, we consider the view of nervous systems that model behaviors and computations as emergent properties of many small interacting components. We combine this emergent view with three other strongly supported features of all nervous systems: that neural functions heavily rely on predictive principles, that neurons are noisy, and that many diverse and fundamental computations in the brain are implemented via attractor dynamics. The resultant model uses only local prediction and noise updates, and yet can seek out and optimize reward, balance exploration and exploitation, and adapt to dramatic changes in architectures or environments. When networks have a choice between different tasks, they can form preferences that depend on patterns of noise and initialization, and we show that these preferences can be biased by network architectures or by changing learning rates. Our algorithm presents a flexible, biologically plausible way of interacting with environments without requiring an explicit environmental reward function, allowing for behavior that is both highly adaptable and autonomous.
일반주제명  
Neurosciences
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Biophysics
키워드  
Caenorhabditis elegans
키워드  
Emergence
키워드  
Intelligence
키워드  
Neural networks
키워드  
Reinforcement learning
기타저자  
Harvard University Biophysics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■020    ▼a9798346571759
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31560638
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a616
■1001  ▼aLi,  Chenguang.▼0(orcid)0000-0003-2884-6414
■24510▼aAdding  to  and  Building  Up  Very  Small  Nervous  Systems
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a187  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Kreiman,  Gabriel;Ramanathan,  Sharad.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  asks  and  tries  to  answer  two  questions:  first,  how  might  one  add  to  the  living  nervous  system  of  a  small  animal  using  artificial  methods?  Second,  how  might  one  design  an  algorithm  that  reproduces  some  of  the  hallmark  characteristics  of  natural  intelligence,  many  of  which  are  still  missing  from  current  artificial  neural  networks?To  address  the  first  question,  we  present  an  approach  that  integrates  deep  reinforcement  learning  agents  with  the  nervous  system  of  the  model  organism  Caenorhabditis  elegans,  a  nematode  with  302  neurons.  We  integrate  the  artificial  and  biological  networks  using  optogenetics,  and  design  our  artificial  agent  to  navigate  animals  to  given  targets.  We  find  that  agents  can  learn  appropriate  strategies  for  different  sets  of  neurons,  even  when  neuronal  roles  in  behavior  are  very  different  from  each  other.  We  show  several  possible  applications  of  the  reinforcement  learning  (RL)-C.  elegans  system,  including  mapping  out  neural  policies  that  are  sufficient  to  drive  target  behaviors,  studying  the  behavior  of  RL  agents  in  biologically  relevant  environments,  and  accomplishing  goals  that  utilize  the  strengths  of  both  artificial  and  biological  intelligences.To  answer  the  second  question,  we  consider  the  view  of  nervous  systems  that  model  behaviors  and  computations  as  emergent  properties  of  many  small  interacting  components.  We  combine  this  emergent  view  with  three  other  strongly  supported  features  of  all  nervous  systems:  that  neural  functions  heavily  rely  on  predictive  principles,  that  neurons  are  noisy,  and  that  many  diverse  and  fundamental  computations  in  the  brain  are  implemented  via  attractor  dynamics.  The  resultant  model  uses  only  local  prediction  and  noise  updates,  and  yet  can  seek  out  and  optimize  reward,  balance  exploration  and  exploitation,  and  adapt  to  dramatic  changes  in  architectures  or  environments.  When  networks  have  a  choice  between  different  tasks,  they  can  form  preferences  that  depend  on  patterns  of  noise  and  initialization,  and  we  show  that  these  preferences  can  be  biased  by  network  architectures  or  by  changing  learning  rates.  Our  algorithm  presents  a  flexible,  biologically  plausible  way  of  interacting  with  environments  without  requiring  an  explicit  environmental  reward  function,  allowing  for  behavior  that  is  both  highly  adaptable  and  autonomous.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aNeurosciences
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aBiophysics
■653    ▼aCaenorhabditis  elegans
■653    ▼aEmergence
■653    ▼aIntelligence
■653    ▼aNeural  networks
■653    ▼aReinforcement  learning
■690    ▼a0317
■690    ▼a0800
■690    ▼a0786
■690    ▼a0369
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bBiophysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-05B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164104▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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