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Unraveling the Role of ADGRL2 in Epidermal Differentiation and Studies of Pathogenic EXOSC2 Mutations in SHRF
Unraveling the Role of ADGRL2 in Epidermal Differentiation and Studies of Pathogenic EXOSC...
Unraveling the Role of ADGRL2 in Epidermal Differentiation and Studies of Pathogenic EXOSC2 Mutations in SHRF

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153054
ISBN  
9798346380740
DDC  
571.6
저자명  
Yang, Xue.
서명/저자  
Unraveling the Role of ADGRL2 in Epidermal Differentiation and Studies of Pathogenic EXOSC2 Mutations in SHRF
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
106 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Khavari, Paul.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The epidermis, as a critical barrier, relies on a fine-tuned balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation to maintain its integrity and functionality. This process is tightly regulated by different signaling pathways initiated from various cell membrane receptors like Notch and EGFR. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), with over 800 members, are the largest family of cell membrane receptors, targeted by approximately 34% of all FDA-approved drugs. However, a systematic study of skin-specific GPCRs in human epidermal homeostasis is lacking. To investigate this, we applied two advanced screening approaches. The first, a Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)- based pooled CRISPR Screen, enables the isolation of cells exhibiting specific gene signatures, to pinpoint genes influencing the differentiation phenotype. The second technique, single cell Perturb-Sequencing, allows us to map the transcriptomic landscape of individual cells undergoing various genetic manipulations. By integrating these two screenings, we identified adhesion GPCR (aGPCR) ADGRL2, as a novel epidermal prodifferentiation regulator among all epidermal GPCRs. By applying the TRUPATH BRET2 assay, we observed ADGRL2 dominantly activating the Gα13 subtype.At the molecular level, we applied nanodisc purification of the ADGRL2/Gα13 complex followed by Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) and identified several binding interface between ADGRL2's intracellular loops 2 and 3 (ICL2, ICL3) with Gα13, with ICL3 especially interacting with Gα13's conserved and unique GTPase domain. This represents the first documented instance of an aGPCR ICL3 engaging with a Gα protein from a structural study. In summary, our findings highlight that ADGRL2's signaling through Gα13, mediated by interactions with its ICL2 and ICL3 loops, as crucial for regulating keratinocyte differentiation.The second part of my thesis is focusing on the function of RNA EXOSOME component 2(EXOSC2/rrp4) in newly identified disease SHRF, characterized by Short stature, Hearing loss, Retinitis pigmentosa, and distinctive Facial features (#OMIM 617763). To understand the pathogenic mechanisms of SHRF, we studied the effects of EXOSC2 mutations in patient-derived lymphoblasts, CRISPR-engineered mutant fetal keratinocytes. We identified that EXOSC2 is a critical gene and that the G198D mutation disrupts its interaction with other RNA exosome components, such as EXOSC3/10, leading to protein and complex instability, further altering the autophagy pathway related genes. To futher study the EXOSC2 gene's function in vivo, we created several CRISPR knockouts of the Drosophila rrp4 gene and analyzed mutants with a PiggyBac transposon insertion in the 3'UTR and RNAi-mediated knockdown. Our findings show that Drosophila rrp4 is essential, and its phenotypes can be rescued by wild-type human EXOSC2, but not by the pathogenic variant from the patients. Meanwhile, we observed that Drosophila rrp4 is crucial for eye development, muscle ultrastructure, and wing vein formation. Overexpression of the transcription factor MITF, which regulates the autophagy genes ATG1 and ATG17, was sufficient to rescue the small eye phenotype and adult lethality caused by rrp4 inhibition. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of autophagy with rapamycin alleviated the lethality associated with rrp4inactivation. Our findings suggest that defective autophagy contributes to SHRF pathogenesis and indicate potential therapeutic approaches.
일반주제명  
Cells
일반주제명  
Homeostasis
일반주제명  
CRISPR
일반주제명  
Antibiotics
일반주제명  
Mutation
일반주제명  
Microscopy
일반주제명  
Genetic engineering
일반주제명  
Insects
일반주제명  
Autophagy
일반주제명  
Flow cytometry
일반주제명  
Keratin
일반주제명  
Lipids
일반주제명  
Genomics
일반주제명  
Penicillin
일반주제명  
Genes
일반주제명  
Protein expression
일반주제명  
Bioengineering
일반주제명  
Bioinformatics
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Pharmaceutical sciences
일반주제명  
Physiology
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aYang,  Xue.
■24510▼aUnraveling  the  Role  of  ADGRL2  in  Epidermal  Differentiation  and  Studies  of  Pathogenic  EXOSC2  Mutations  in  SHRF
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a106  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Khavari,  Paul.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  epidermis,  as  a  critical  barrier,  relies  on  a  fine-tuned  balance  between  keratinocyte  proliferation  and  differentiation  to  maintain  its  integrity  and  functionality.  This  process  is  tightly  regulated  by  different  signaling  pathways  initiated  from  various  cell  membrane  receptors  like  Notch  and  EGFR.  G-protein-coupled  receptors  (GPCRs),  with  over  800  members,  are  the  largest  family  of  cell  membrane  receptors,  targeted  by  approximately  34%  of  all  FDA-approved  drugs.  However,  a  systematic  study  of  skin-specific  GPCRs  in  human  epidermal  homeostasis  is  lacking.  To  investigate  this,  we  applied  two  advanced  screening  approaches.  The  first,  a  Fluorescence  Activated  Cell  Sorting  (FACS)-  based  pooled  CRISPR  Screen,  enables  the  isolation  of  cells  exhibiting  specific  gene  signatures,  to  pinpoint  genes  influencing  the  differentiation  phenotype.  The  second  technique,  single  cell  Perturb-Sequencing,  allows  us  to  map  the  transcriptomic  landscape  of  individual  cells  undergoing  various  genetic  manipulations.  By  integrating  these  two  screenings,  we  identified  adhesion  GPCR  (aGPCR)  ADGRL2,  as  a  novel  epidermal  prodifferentiation  regulator  among  all  epidermal  GPCRs.  By  applying  the  TRUPATH  BRET2  assay,  we  observed  ADGRL2  dominantly  activating  the  Gα13  subtype.At  the  molecular  level,  we  applied  nanodisc  purification  of  the  ADGRL2/Gα13  complex  followed  by  Cryo-Electron  Microscopy  (Cryo-EM)  and  identified  several  binding  interface  between  ADGRL2's  intracellular  loops  2  and  3  (ICL2,  ICL3)  with  Gα13,  with  ICL3  especially  interacting  with  Gα13's  conserved  and  unique  GTPase  domain.  This  represents  the  first  documented  instance  of  an  aGPCR  ICL3  engaging  with  a  Gα  protein  from  a  structural  study.  In  summary,  our  findings  highlight  that  ADGRL2's  signaling  through  Gα13,  mediated  by  interactions  with  its  ICL2  and  ICL3  loops,  as  crucial  for  regulating  keratinocyte  differentiation.The  second  part  of  my  thesis  is  focusing  on  the  function  of  RNA  EXOSOME  component  2(EXOSC2/rrp4)  in  newly  identified  disease  SHRF,  characterized  by  Short  stature,  Hearing  loss,  Retinitis  pigmentosa,  and  distinctive  Facial  features  (#OMIM  617763).  To  understand  the  pathogenic  mechanisms  of  SHRF,  we  studied  the  effects  of  EXOSC2  mutations  in  patient-derived  lymphoblasts,  CRISPR-engineered  mutant  fetal  keratinocytes.  We  identified  that  EXOSC2  is  a  critical  gene  and  that  the  G198D  mutation  disrupts  its  interaction  with  other  RNA  exosome  components,  such  as  EXOSC3/10,  leading  to  protein  and  complex  instability,  further  altering  the  autophagy  pathway  related  genes.  To  futher  study  the  EXOSC2  gene's  function  in  vivo,  we  created  several  CRISPR  knockouts  of  the  Drosophila  rrp4  gene  and  analyzed  mutants  with  a  PiggyBac  transposon  insertion  in  the  3'UTR  and  RNAi-mediated  knockdown.  Our  findings  show  that  Drosophila  rrp4  is    essential,  and  its  phenotypes  can  be  rescued  by  wild-type  human  EXOSC2,  but  not  by  the  pathogenic  variant  from  the  patients.  Meanwhile,  we  observed  that  Drosophila  rrp4  is  crucial  for  eye  development,  muscle  ultrastructure,  and  wing  vein  formation.  Overexpression  of  the  transcription  factor  MITF,  which  regulates  the  autophagy  genes  ATG1  and  ATG17,  was  sufficient  to  rescue  the  small  eye  phenotype  and  adult  lethality  caused  by  rrp4  inhibition.  Furthermore,  pharmacological  activation  of  autophagy  with  rapamycin  alleviated  the  lethality  associated  with  rrp4inactivation.  Our  findings  suggest  that  defective  autophagy  contributes  to  SHRF  pathogenesis  and  indicate  potential  therapeutic  approaches.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aCells
■650  4▼aHomeostasis
■650  4▼aCRISPR
■650  4▼aAntibiotics
■650  4▼aMutation
■650  4▼aMicroscopy
■650  4▼aGenetic  engineering
■650  4▼aInsects
■650  4▼aAutophagy
■650  4▼aFlow  cytometry
■650  4▼aKeratin
■650  4▼aLipids
■650  4▼aGenomics
■650  4▼aPenicillin
■650  4▼aGenes
■650  4▼aProtein  expression
■650  4▼aBioengineering
■650  4▼aBioinformatics
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aPharmaceutical  sciences
■650  4▼aPhysiology
■690    ▼a0202
■690    ▼a0715
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0572
■690    ▼a0719
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-05B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164843▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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