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Climate Change and Microplastics: Their Impacts and Interactions With Corals and Coral Reefs
Climate Change and Microplastics: Their Impacts and Interactions With Corals and Coral Ree...
Climate Change and Microplastics: Their Impacts and Interactions With Corals and Coral Reefs

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151941
ISBN  
9798383282823
DDC  
574
저자명  
Axworthy, Jeremy B.
서명/저자  
Climate Change and Microplastics: Their Impacts and Interactions With Corals and Coral Reefs
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Washington, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
215 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Includes supplementary digital materials.
주기사항  
Advisor: Padilla-Gamino, Jacqueline.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Coral reefs are some of the most important ecosystems worldwide, yet they are some of the most threatened by global change, including the effects of thermal stress and plastic pollution. Reef-building corals provide the architecture of these incredibly biodiverse habitats that millions of people who live in the tropics rely on for livelihood. Increased sea temperatures caused by climate change result in coral bleaching and the expulsion of algal symbionts that corals rely on for energy, leading to mass mortality and destruction of these ecosystems. The first chapter of this dissertation investigates how corals' outer layer (OL) tissue and inner core (IC) skeletal compartments respond to bleaching using shotgun proteomics. We identified 2631 proteins across both compartments of bleached and control corals and demonstrated that the proteomic signatures are different between the OL and IC and that these compartments respond in different ways to bleaching. Compared to control corals, the OL of bleached corals used the glyoxylate cycle to derive carbon internally from lipids, had a high protein turnover rate, and shifted reliance on nitrogen from ammonia to nitrogen produced from the breakdown of urea and betaine. The IC of bleached corals compartmentalized the shunting of glucose to the pentose phosphate pathway. These results highlight contrasting strategies for responding to bleaching stress in different compartments of bleached corals and shed light on potential mechanisms behind bleaching resilience. Microplastics, plastic particles 5 mm, are another threat to corals that have gained a lot of attention recently because they are increasing in marine ecosystems and have been shown to have a range of negative effects on corals. Corals can also sequester microplastics into their skeletons, serving as an important sink for microplastics. However, the factors influencing interactions between corals and microplastics remain poorly understood. The second chapter of this dissertation examines the role of thermal stress on microplastic ingestion by corals through controlled feeding experiments. Some coral species increase heterotrophy (heterotrophic plasticity) when they bleach, suggesting they might ingest more microplastics during this critical period. Moreover, some studies suggest that corals selectively ingest microplastics over prey, which could result in less feeding. The results of these experiments showed that increased temperatures did not result in increased microplastics ingestion and that microplastics exposure did not reduce corals' ability to feed on prey for the species studied but highlighted that we do not fully understand the role of bleaching on heterotrophic plasticity. In the third chapter of this dissertation, additional factors that could potentially influence coral and microplastic interactions were tested. Specifically, water flow, microplastic type, species, and coral condition were examined in laboratory experiments for their role in driving microplastic adhesion and ingestion in corals. Results of this chapter suggest that species and types of microplastic have a greater influence on both ingestion and adhesion than water flow in corals. Micro-fibers interacted the most with corals and polyester fibers were the most likely microplastic type to be ingested. Moreover, microplastics adhered to dead parts of corals 3.7 times more than living sections. Collectively, the results of this dissertation chapter highlight which types of microplastics some corals are more likely to interact with. They also suggest that some corals may be capable of rejecting microplastics from their surface and that non-living structures on reefs could be important microplastic sinks. In the final chapter of this dissertation, field sampling was conducted in coral reefs in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, USA, to determine microplastic pollution levels in sediments, seawater, corals, and sea cucumbers. Overall, microplastic pollution was very low in these reefs compared to others, with very few sediment, coral, and sea cucumber samples having detectable levels of microplastics. Seawater was the only matrix that had quantifiable microplastic levels, ranging from 0.024 to 0.081 particles m-3, and consisting of mostly larger, floating plastics. These results indicate that reef organisms in the bay are not under imminent threat of microplastics, but further monitoring is recommended to better understand temporal and future trends in microplastic pollution. 
일반주제명  
Biology
일반주제명  
Ecology
일반주제명  
Physiology
일반주제명  
Aquatic sciences
일반주제명  
Environmental science
키워드  
Coral bleaching
키워드  
Coral reefs
키워드  
Microplastics
키워드  
Plastic pollution
키워드  
Proteomics
기타저자  
University of Washington Aquatic and Fishery Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aAxworthy,  Jeremy  B.
■24510▼aClimate  Change  and  Microplastics:  Their  Impacts  and  Interactions  With  Corals  and  Coral  Reefs
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Washington▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a215  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aIncludes  supplementary  digital  materials.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Padilla-Gamino,  Jacqueline.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Washington,  2024.
■520    ▼aCoral  reefs  are  some  of  the  most  important  ecosystems  worldwide,  yet  they  are  some  of  the  most  threatened  by  global  change,  including  the  effects  of  thermal  stress  and  plastic  pollution.  Reef-building  corals  provide  the  architecture  of  these  incredibly  biodiverse  habitats  that  millions  of  people  who  live  in  the  tropics  rely  on  for  livelihood.  Increased  sea  temperatures  caused  by  climate  change  result  in  coral  bleaching  and  the  expulsion  of  algal  symbionts  that  corals  rely  on  for  energy,  leading  to  mass  mortality  and  destruction  of  these  ecosystems.  The  first  chapter  of  this  dissertation  investigates  how  corals'  outer  layer  (OL)  tissue  and  inner  core  (IC)  skeletal  compartments  respond  to  bleaching  using  shotgun  proteomics.  We  identified  2631  proteins  across  both  compartments  of  bleached  and  control  corals  and  demonstrated  that  the  proteomic  signatures  are  different  between  the  OL  and  IC  and  that  these  compartments  respond  in  different  ways  to  bleaching.  Compared  to  control  corals,  the  OL  of  bleached  corals  used  the  glyoxylate cycle  to  derive  carbon  internally  from  lipids,  had  a  high  protein  turnover  rate,  and  shifted  reliance  on  nitrogen  from  ammonia  to  nitrogen  produced  from  the  breakdown  of  urea  and  betaine.  The  IC  of  bleached  corals  compartmentalized  the  shunting  of  glucose  to  the  pentose  phosphate  pathway.  These  results  highlight  contrasting  strategies  for  responding  to  bleaching  stress  in  different  compartments  of  bleached  corals  and  shed  light  on  potential  mechanisms  behind  bleaching  resilience.  Microplastics,  plastic  particles    5  mm,  are  another  threat  to  corals  that  have  gained  a  lot  of  attention  recently  because  they  are  increasing  in  marine  ecosystems  and  have  been  shown  to  have  a  range  of  negative  effects  on  corals.  Corals  can  also  sequester  microplastics  into  their  skeletons,  serving  as  an  important  sink  for  microplastics.  However,  the  factors  influencing  interactions  between  corals  and  microplastics  remain  poorly  understood.  The  second  chapter  of  this  dissertation  examines  the  role  of  thermal  stress  on  microplastic  ingestion  by  corals  through  controlled  feeding  experiments.  Some  coral  species  increase  heterotrophy  (heterotrophic  plasticity)  when  they  bleach,  suggesting  they  might  ingest  more  microplastics  during  this  critical  period.  Moreover,  some  studies  suggest  that  corals  selectively  ingest  microplastics  over  prey,  which  could  result  in  less  feeding.  The  results  of  these  experiments  showed  that  increased  temperatures  did  not  result  in  increased  microplastics  ingestion  and  that  microplastics  exposure  did  not  reduce  corals'  ability  to  feed  on  prey  for  the  species  studied  but  highlighted  that  we  do  not  fully  understand  the  role  of  bleaching  on  heterotrophic  plasticity.  In  the  third  chapter  of  this  dissertation,  additional  factors  that  could  potentially  influence  coral  and  microplastic  interactions  were  tested.  Specifically,  water  flow,  microplastic  type,  species,  and  coral  condition  were  examined  in  laboratory  experiments  for  their  role  in  driving  microplastic  adhesion  and  ingestion  in  corals.  Results  of  this  chapter  suggest  that  species  and  types  of  microplastic  have  a  greater  influence  on  both  ingestion  and  adhesion  than  water  flow  in  corals. Micro-fibers  interacted  the  most  with  corals  and  polyester  fibers  were  the  most  likely  microplastic  type  to  be  ingested.  Moreover,  microplastics  adhered  to  dead  parts  of  corals  3.7  times  more  than  living  sections.  Collectively,  the  results  of  this  dissertation  chapter  highlight  which  types  of  microplastics  some  corals  are  more  likely  to  interact  with.  They  also  suggest  that  some  corals  may  be  capable  of  rejecting  microplastics  from  their  surface  and  that  non-living  structures  on  reefs  could  be  important  microplastic  sinks.  In  the  final  chapter  of  this  dissertation,  field  sampling  was  conducted  in  coral  reefs  in  Kaneohe  Bay,  Hawaii,  USA,  to  determine  microplastic  pollution  levels  in  sediments,  seawater,  corals,  and  sea  cucumbers.  Overall,  microplastic  pollution  was  very  low  in  these  reefs  compared  to  others,  with  very  few  sediment,  coral,  and  sea  cucumber  samples  having  detectable  levels  of  microplastics.  Seawater  was  the  only  matrix  that  had  quantifiable  microplastic  levels,  ranging  from  0.024  to  0.081  particles  m-3,  and  consisting  of  mostly  larger,  floating  plastics.  These  results  indicate  that  reef  organisms  in  the  bay  are  not  under  imminent  threat  of  microplastics,  but  further  monitoring  is  recommended  to  better  understand  temporal  and  future  trends  in  microplastic  pollution. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0250.
■650  4▼aBiology
■650  4▼aEcology
■650  4▼aPhysiology
■650  4▼aAquatic  sciences
■650  4▼aEnvironmental  science
■653    ▼aCoral  bleaching
■653    ▼aCoral  reefs
■653    ▼aMicroplastics
■653    ▼aPlastic  pollution
■653    ▼aProteomics
■690    ▼a0306
■690    ▼a0329
■690    ▼a0719
■690    ▼a0768
■690    ▼a0792
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Washington▼bAquatic  and  Fishery  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-01B.
■790    ▼a0250
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162176▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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