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Experiences of Discrimination and Psychosis Risk: Psychological and Neurobiological Mechanisms
Experiences of Discrimination and Psychosis Risk: Psychological and Neurobiological Mechan...
Experiences of Discrimination and Psychosis Risk: Psychological and Neurobiological Mechanisms

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152703
ISBN  
9798384063698
DDC  
157
저자명  
Leathem, Logan Daniel.
서명/저자  
Experiences of Discrimination and Psychosis Risk: Psychological and Neurobiological Mechanisms
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
138 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Karlsgodt, Katherine H.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Psychotic disorders disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minority groups, and prior research has shown that experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination can worsen symptoms and increase risk of developing psychotic disorders. However, psychological and biological mechanisms linking discrimination and psychosis have not been thoroughly explored. Further, while psychotic disorders are recognized as neurodevelopmental, there has been an absence of studies investigating how development interacts with discrimination and psychosis risk.The social defeat hypothesis offers a potential mechanism to understand the link between discrimination and psychosis risk. It suggests that social disadvantage or acute social stress can increase dopamine signaling in the brain's striatum, a neural marker associated with psychosis. Human studies have shown altered dopamine function in the striatum can impact connectivity of the striatum and large-scale cortical networks, which has implications for experiences of discrimination and patterns of functional connectivity observed in schizophrenia. Behaviorally, social defeat stress and altered dopamine function are linked to cognitive impairments and emotional disturbances, which in turn may elevate the risk of psychosis.In the transition from childhood to adulthood, functional brain networks undergo significant maturation. Relative to young adults, adolescents show greater subcortical activation to social stressors. Further, stressors in adolescence have longer-lasting effects on the brain relative to those in adulthood. These patterns may be due to changes in the striatal DA system during adolescence. Maturation of striatal DA system and brain network organization likely creates a vulnerable period in adolescence for stressors to increase risk for psychosis.The goal of this dissertation was to further our understanding of discrimination as a risk factor for psychosis by integrating psychological and neurobiological mechanisms as well as developmental processes. Study 1 investigated the psychological and behavioral mechanisms linking discrimination to subclinical psychotic-like experiences, focusing on cognitive and emotional disturbances. We found that discrimination predicts both positive and negative psychotic-like experiences, but via unique mechanisms. Study 2 sought to determine the effects of discrimination on functional brain connectivity in CHR youth. The primary finding was that discrimination did not impact connectivity patterns uniformly across adolescence and young adulthood. The relationship between reported discrimination and connectivity was moderated by age. Study 3 leveraged findings from the first two studies to improve the prediction of long-term outcomes in CHR youth, focusing on functional connectivity changes and psychological factors as mediators of discrimination's impact on outcomes. The functional connectivity patterns identified in Study 2 predicted negative symptoms and functioning outcomes. Connectivity patterns associated with risk and patterns associated with resilience were identified.
일반주제명  
Clinical psychology
일반주제명  
Developmental psychology
일반주제명  
Neurosciences
일반주제명  
Psychology
키워드  
Adolescence
키워드  
Discrimination
키워드  
Functional connectivity
키워드  
Psychosis risk
키워드  
Neurobiological mechanisms
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Psychology 0780
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aLeathem,  Logan  Daniel.
■24510▼aExperiences  of  Discrimination  and  Psychosis  Risk:  Psychological  and  Neurobiological  Mechanisms
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a138  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Karlsgodt,  Katherine  H.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2024.
■520    ▼aPsychotic  disorders  disproportionately  affect  racial  and  ethnic  minority  groups,  and  prior  research  has  shown  that  experiences  of  racial/ethnic  discrimination  can  worsen  symptoms  and  increase  risk  of  developing  psychotic  disorders.  However,  psychological  and  biological  mechanisms  linking  discrimination  and  psychosis  have  not  been  thoroughly  explored.  Further,  while  psychotic  disorders  are  recognized  as  neurodevelopmental,  there  has  been  an  absence  of  studies  investigating  how  development  interacts  with  discrimination  and  psychosis  risk.The  social  defeat  hypothesis  offers  a  potential  mechanism  to  understand  the  link  between  discrimination  and  psychosis  risk.  It  suggests  that  social  disadvantage  or  acute  social  stress  can  increase  dopamine  signaling  in  the  brain's  striatum,  a  neural  marker  associated  with  psychosis.  Human  studies  have  shown  altered  dopamine  function  in  the  striatum  can  impact  connectivity  of  the  striatum  and  large-scale  cortical  networks,  which  has  implications  for  experiences  of  discrimination  and  patterns  of  functional  connectivity  observed  in  schizophrenia.  Behaviorally,  social  defeat  stress  and  altered  dopamine  function  are  linked  to  cognitive  impairments  and  emotional  disturbances,  which  in  turn  may  elevate  the  risk  of  psychosis.In  the  transition  from  childhood  to  adulthood,  functional  brain  networks  undergo  significant  maturation.  Relative  to  young  adults,  adolescents  show  greater  subcortical  activation  to  social  stressors.  Further,  stressors  in  adolescence  have  longer-lasting  effects  on  the  brain  relative  to  those  in  adulthood.  These  patterns  may  be  due  to  changes  in  the  striatal  DA  system  during  adolescence.  Maturation  of  striatal  DA  system  and  brain  network  organization  likely  creates  a  vulnerable  period  in  adolescence  for  stressors  to  increase  risk  for  psychosis.The  goal  of  this  dissertation  was  to  further  our  understanding  of  discrimination  as  a  risk  factor  for  psychosis  by  integrating  psychological  and  neurobiological  mechanisms  as  well  as  developmental  processes.  Study  1  investigated  the  psychological  and  behavioral  mechanisms  linking  discrimination  to  subclinical  psychotic-like  experiences,  focusing  on  cognitive  and  emotional  disturbances.  We  found  that  discrimination  predicts  both  positive  and  negative  psychotic-like  experiences,  but  via  unique  mechanisms.  Study  2  sought  to  determine  the  effects  of  discrimination  on  functional  brain  connectivity  in  CHR  youth.  The  primary  finding  was  that  discrimination  did  not  impact  connectivity  patterns  uniformly  across  adolescence  and  young  adulthood.  The  relationship  between  reported  discrimination  and  connectivity  was  moderated  by  age.  Study  3  leveraged  findings  from  the  first  two  studies  to  improve  the  prediction  of  long-term  outcomes  in  CHR  youth,  focusing  on  functional  connectivity  changes  and  psychological  factors  as  mediators  of  discrimination's  impact  on  outcomes.  The  functional  connectivity  patterns  identified  in  Study  2  predicted  negative  symptoms  and  functioning  outcomes.  Connectivity  patterns  associated  with  risk  and  patterns  associated  with  resilience  were  identified.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aClinical  psychology
■650  4▼aDevelopmental  psychology
■650  4▼aNeurosciences
■650  4▼aPsychology
■653    ▼aAdolescence
■653    ▼aDiscrimination
■653    ▼aFunctional  connectivity
■653    ▼aPsychosis  risk
■653    ▼aNeurobiological  mechanisms
■690    ▼a0622
■690    ▼a0620
■690    ▼a0317
■690    ▼a0621
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bPsychology  0780.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163400▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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