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Experiences of Discrimination and Psychosis Risk: Psychological and Neurobiological Mechanisms
Experiences of Discrimination and Psychosis Risk: Psychological and Neurobiological Mechanisms
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211152703
- ISBN
- 9798384063698
- DDC
- 157
- 서명/저자
- Experiences of Discrimination and Psychosis Risk: Psychological and Neurobiological Mechanisms
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 138 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Karlsgodt, Katherine H.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Psychotic disorders disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minority groups, and prior research has shown that experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination can worsen symptoms and increase risk of developing psychotic disorders. However, psychological and biological mechanisms linking discrimination and psychosis have not been thoroughly explored. Further, while psychotic disorders are recognized as neurodevelopmental, there has been an absence of studies investigating how development interacts with discrimination and psychosis risk.The social defeat hypothesis offers a potential mechanism to understand the link between discrimination and psychosis risk. It suggests that social disadvantage or acute social stress can increase dopamine signaling in the brain's striatum, a neural marker associated with psychosis. Human studies have shown altered dopamine function in the striatum can impact connectivity of the striatum and large-scale cortical networks, which has implications for experiences of discrimination and patterns of functional connectivity observed in schizophrenia. Behaviorally, social defeat stress and altered dopamine function are linked to cognitive impairments and emotional disturbances, which in turn may elevate the risk of psychosis.In the transition from childhood to adulthood, functional brain networks undergo significant maturation. Relative to young adults, adolescents show greater subcortical activation to social stressors. Further, stressors in adolescence have longer-lasting effects on the brain relative to those in adulthood. These patterns may be due to changes in the striatal DA system during adolescence. Maturation of striatal DA system and brain network organization likely creates a vulnerable period in adolescence for stressors to increase risk for psychosis.The goal of this dissertation was to further our understanding of discrimination as a risk factor for psychosis by integrating psychological and neurobiological mechanisms as well as developmental processes. Study 1 investigated the psychological and behavioral mechanisms linking discrimination to subclinical psychotic-like experiences, focusing on cognitive and emotional disturbances. We found that discrimination predicts both positive and negative psychotic-like experiences, but via unique mechanisms. Study 2 sought to determine the effects of discrimination on functional brain connectivity in CHR youth. The primary finding was that discrimination did not impact connectivity patterns uniformly across adolescence and young adulthood. The relationship between reported discrimination and connectivity was moderated by age. Study 3 leveraged findings from the first two studies to improve the prediction of long-term outcomes in CHR youth, focusing on functional connectivity changes and psychological factors as mediators of discrimination's impact on outcomes. The functional connectivity patterns identified in Study 2 predicted negative symptoms and functioning outcomes. Connectivity patterns associated with risk and patterns associated with resilience were identified.
- 일반주제명
- Clinical psychology
- 일반주제명
- Developmental psychology
- 일반주제명
- Neurosciences
- 일반주제명
- Psychology
- 키워드
- Adolescence
- 키워드
- Discrimination
- 키워드
- Psychosis risk
- 기타저자
- University of California, Los Angeles Psychology 0780
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■006m o d
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■020 ▼a9798384063698
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31488129
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a157
■1001 ▼aLeathem, Logan Daniel.
■24510▼aExperiences of Discrimination and Psychosis Risk: Psychological and Neurobiological Mechanisms
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Los Angeles▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a138 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Karlsgodt, Katherine H.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
■520 ▼aPsychotic disorders disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minority groups, and prior research has shown that experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination can worsen symptoms and increase risk of developing psychotic disorders. However, psychological and biological mechanisms linking discrimination and psychosis have not been thoroughly explored. Further, while psychotic disorders are recognized as neurodevelopmental, there has been an absence of studies investigating how development interacts with discrimination and psychosis risk.The social defeat hypothesis offers a potential mechanism to understand the link between discrimination and psychosis risk. It suggests that social disadvantage or acute social stress can increase dopamine signaling in the brain's striatum, a neural marker associated with psychosis. Human studies have shown altered dopamine function in the striatum can impact connectivity of the striatum and large-scale cortical networks, which has implications for experiences of discrimination and patterns of functional connectivity observed in schizophrenia. Behaviorally, social defeat stress and altered dopamine function are linked to cognitive impairments and emotional disturbances, which in turn may elevate the risk of psychosis.In the transition from childhood to adulthood, functional brain networks undergo significant maturation. Relative to young adults, adolescents show greater subcortical activation to social stressors. Further, stressors in adolescence have longer-lasting effects on the brain relative to those in adulthood. These patterns may be due to changes in the striatal DA system during adolescence. Maturation of striatal DA system and brain network organization likely creates a vulnerable period in adolescence for stressors to increase risk for psychosis.The goal of this dissertation was to further our understanding of discrimination as a risk factor for psychosis by integrating psychological and neurobiological mechanisms as well as developmental processes. Study 1 investigated the psychological and behavioral mechanisms linking discrimination to subclinical psychotic-like experiences, focusing on cognitive and emotional disturbances. We found that discrimination predicts both positive and negative psychotic-like experiences, but via unique mechanisms. Study 2 sought to determine the effects of discrimination on functional brain connectivity in CHR youth. The primary finding was that discrimination did not impact connectivity patterns uniformly across adolescence and young adulthood. The relationship between reported discrimination and connectivity was moderated by age. Study 3 leveraged findings from the first two studies to improve the prediction of long-term outcomes in CHR youth, focusing on functional connectivity changes and psychological factors as mediators of discrimination's impact on outcomes. The functional connectivity patterns identified in Study 2 predicted negative symptoms and functioning outcomes. Connectivity patterns associated with risk and patterns associated with resilience were identified.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0031.
■650 4▼aClinical psychology
■650 4▼aDevelopmental psychology
■650 4▼aNeurosciences
■650 4▼aPsychology
■653 ▼aAdolescence
■653 ▼aDiscrimination
■653 ▼aFunctional connectivity
■653 ▼aPsychosis risk
■653 ▼aNeurobiological mechanisms
■690 ▼a0622
■690 ▼a0620
■690 ▼a0317
■690 ▼a0621
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Los Angeles▼bPsychology 0780.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-03B.
■790 ▼a0031
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163400▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


