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Quantum Advantage in Sensing and Simulation
Quantum Advantage in Sensing and Simulation
Quantum Advantage in Sensing and Simulation

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151505
ISBN  
9798384100577
DDC  
530.1
저자명  
Ehrenberg, Adam.
서명/저자  
Quantum Advantage in Sensing and Simulation
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Maryland, College Park, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
328 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Gorshkov, Alexey V.;Rolston, Steven L.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Maryland, College Park, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Since the discovery of Shor's factoring algorithm, there has been a sustained interest in finding more such examples of quantum advantage, that is, tasks where a quantum device can outperform its classical counterpart. While the universal, programmable quantum computers that can run Shor's algorithm represent one direction in which to search for quantum advantage, they are certainly not the only one. In this dissertation, we study the theory of quantum advantage along two alternative avenues: sensing and simulation. Sensing refers to the task of measuring some unknown quantity with the smallest possible error. In many cases, when the sensing apparatus is a quantum device, this ultimate achievable precision, as well as specific protocols producing estimators with this precision, are unknown. In this dissertation, we help close this gap for both qubit-based and photonic quantum sensors for the specific task of measuring a linear function of unknown parameters. We use quantum Fisher information and the quantum Cramer-Rao bound to derive limits on their ultimate precision. We further develop an algebraic framework that allows us to derive protocols saturating these bounds and better understand the quantum resources, such as entanglement, that are necessary to implement these protocols. In doing so, we help clarify how quantum resources like entanglement lead to more precise sensing.We also study a specific form of simulation called Gaussian Boson Sampling, which is a member of the broad framework of random sampling tasks that have become a popular method for demonstrating quantum advantage. While many of the theoretical underpinnings of these random sampling tasks, including Gaussian Boson Sampling, are well understood, many questions remain. Anticoncentration, which is strongly related to the moments of the output distribution, is a particularly relevant property when it comes to formally proving the existence of quantum advantage. We develop a graph-theoretic framework to calculate these moments, and we show that there is a transition in the strength of anticoncentration as a function of how many of the photonic modes are initially squeezed. We therefore demonstrate a transition in the evidence for the so-called approximate average-case hardness of Gaussian Boson Sampling, hence clarifying in what regimes we have the strongest evidence for quantum advantage.Finally, we also discuss the simulation complexity of Many-Body Localized systems. Many-Body Localization is a widely studied phase of matter that is often characterized by the appearance of a large number of quasilocal integrals of motion (operators that commute with the Hamiltonian) that interact via exponentially decaying interactions. In this dissertation, we study a phenomenological form of Many-Body Localization and show three main results. First, we demonstrate that, for polynomially long evolution times under a Hamiltonian in the Many-Body Localized phase, there is a quasipolynomial-time classical algorithm that can perform strong simulation of the output state. On the flip side, our second result is that, when the evolution time is exponentially long, weak simulation of the output state becomes formally classically hard. Finally, as a consequence of our classical results, we show the approximate quantum circuit complexity of these Hamiltonians grows sublinearly in the evolution time (in contrast with the proposed linear growth for chaotic Hamiltonians). Thus, this work helps clarify whether and how we might find quantum advantage via simulating certain types of condensed matter systems.
일반주제명  
Quantum physics
일반주제명  
Theoretical physics
일반주제명  
Statistics
일반주제명  
Statistical physics
일반주제명  
Physics
키워드  
Gaussian Boson Sampling
키워드  
Many-Body Localization
키워드  
Quantum advantage
키워드  
Quantum metrology
키워드  
Quantum simulation
기타저자  
University of Maryland, College Park Physics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■24510▼aQuantum  Advantage  in  Sensing  and  Simulation
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Maryland,  College  Park▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a328  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Gorshkov,  Alexey  V.;Rolston,  Steven  L.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Maryland,  College  Park,  2024.
■520    ▼aSince  the  discovery  of  Shor's  factoring  algorithm,  there  has  been  a  sustained  interest  in  finding  more  such  examples  of  quantum  advantage,  that  is,  tasks  where  a  quantum  device  can  outperform  its  classical  counterpart.  While  the  universal,  programmable  quantum  computers  that  can  run  Shor's  algorithm  represent  one  direction  in  which  to  search  for  quantum  advantage,  they  are  certainly  not  the  only  one.  In  this  dissertation,  we  study  the  theory  of  quantum  advantage  along  two  alternative  avenues:  sensing  and  simulation. Sensing  refers  to  the  task  of  measuring  some  unknown  quantity  with  the  smallest  possible  error.  In  many  cases,  when  the  sensing  apparatus  is  a  quantum  device,  this  ultimate  achievable  precision,  as  well  as  specific  protocols  producing  estimators  with  this  precision,  are  unknown.  In  this  dissertation,  we  help  close  this  gap  for  both  qubit-based  and  photonic  quantum  sensors  for  the  specific  task  of  measuring  a  linear  function  of  unknown  parameters.  We  use  quantum  Fisher  information  and  the  quantum  Cramer-Rao  bound  to  derive  limits  on  their  ultimate  precision.  We  further  develop  an  algebraic  framework  that  allows  us  to  derive  protocols  saturating  these  bounds  and  better  understand  the  quantum  resources,  such  as  entanglement,  that  are  necessary  to  implement  these  protocols.  In  doing  so,  we  help  clarify  how  quantum  resources  like  entanglement  lead  to  more  precise  sensing.We  also  study  a  specific  form  of  simulation  called  Gaussian  Boson  Sampling,  which  is  a  member  of  the  broad  framework  of  random  sampling  tasks  that  have  become  a  popular  method  for  demonstrating  quantum  advantage.  While  many  of  the  theoretical  underpinnings  of  these  random  sampling  tasks,  including  Gaussian  Boson  Sampling,  are  well  understood,  many  questions  remain.  Anticoncentration,  which  is  strongly  related  to  the  moments  of  the  output  distribution,  is  a  particularly  relevant  property  when  it  comes  to  formally  proving  the  existence  of  quantum  advantage.  We  develop  a  graph-theoretic  framework  to  calculate  these  moments,  and  we  show  that  there  is  a  transition  in  the  strength  of  anticoncentration  as  a  function  of  how  many  of  the  photonic  modes  are  initially  squeezed.  We  therefore  demonstrate  a  transition  in  the  evidence  for  the  so-called  approximate  average-case  hardness  of  Gaussian  Boson  Sampling,  hence  clarifying  in  what  regimes  we  have  the  strongest  evidence  for  quantum  advantage.Finally,  we  also  discuss  the  simulation  complexity  of  Many-Body  Localized  systems.  Many-Body  Localization  is  a  widely  studied  phase  of  matter  that  is  often  characterized  by  the  appearance  of  a  large  number  of  quasilocal  integrals  of  motion  (operators  that  commute  with  the  Hamiltonian)  that  interact  via  exponentially  decaying  interactions.  In  this  dissertation,  we  study  a  phenomenological  form  of  Many-Body  Localization  and  show  three  main  results.  First,  we  demonstrate  that,  for  polynomially  long  evolution  times  under  a  Hamiltonian  in  the  Many-Body  Localized  phase,  there  is  a  quasipolynomial-time  classical  algorithm  that  can  perform  strong  simulation  of  the  output  state.  On  the  flip  side,  our  second  result  is  that,  when  the  evolution  time  is  exponentially  long,  weak  simulation  of  the  output  state  becomes  formally  classically  hard.  Finally,  as  a  consequence  of  our  classical  results,  we  show  the  approximate  quantum  circuit  complexity  of  these  Hamiltonians  grows  sublinearly  in  the  evolution  time  (in  contrast  with  the  proposed  linear  growth  for  chaotic  Hamiltonians).  Thus,  this  work  helps  clarify  whether  and  how  we  might  find  quantum  advantage  via  simulating  certain  types  of  condensed  matter  systems.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0117.
■650  4▼aQuantum  physics
■650  4▼aTheoretical  physics
■650  4▼aStatistics
■650  4▼aStatistical  physics
■650  4▼aPhysics
■653    ▼aGaussian  Boson  Sampling
■653    ▼aMany-Body  Localization
■653    ▼aQuantum  advantage
■653    ▼aQuantum  metrology
■653    ▼aQuantum  simulation
■690    ▼a0599
■690    ▼a0753
■690    ▼a0217
■690    ▼a0605
■690    ▼a0463
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Maryland,  College  Park▼bPhysics.
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■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161939▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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