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How to "See" With Electricity - Comprehensive End-To-End Modeling of Active Electrolocation Sheds New Light on Neural Computation
How to "See" With Electricity - Comprehensive End-To-End Modeling of Active Electrolocatio...
How to "See" With Electricity - Comprehensive End-To-End Modeling of Active Electrolocation Sheds New Light on Neural Computation

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152700
ISBN  
9798383598269
DDC  
616
저자명  
Turcu, Denis.
서명/저자  
How to See With Electricity - Comprehensive End-To-End Modeling of Active Electrolocation Sheds New Light on Neural Computation
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
176 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Abbott, Larry F.;Sawtell, Nathaniel B.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약We rely so much on vision that it is hard to imagine sensing the world differently. But most organisms primarily use other sensory information, even something as detached from our senses as electricity. Some fish, called weakly electric fish, generate electric pulses to sense their environment. Objects in their environment distort the electric pulses, and the fish use special receptors in their skin to process these distortions and identify the nearby objects. They detect the location, size, shape, and electric properties of nearby objects, enabling them to find preferred food. These fish use their discharges not only for sensing and foraging as described, but also for communication. Investigating this sensory system can provide insights into neural computations for sensory processing more broadly, and can expand our understanding of the complex stimuli present in our environment that we do not perceive.In the first half of this work, we investigated how the weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii processes the electric sensory information to interact with its environment. We also used the tools developed in this work to study social behavior in groups of freely swimming fish.Chapter 1 provides an in-depth introduction to this model organism and its prominent active electrolocation behavior. This introductory chapter is focused on the parts of the behavior that are relevant to the computational models developed in this work. We investigated the active electrolocation behavior using a comprehensive end-to-end model that contains multiple components, which will be detailed in the following chapters.Chapter 2 describes the physics model that simulates the fish and its environment to collect data. The physics model builds on previous work and extends it to a more general framework that can be used to simulate the fish in different environments. We developed and adequately documented an open code base that can be used to simulate various fish species and their interactions with nearby objects or electrical boundaries.Chapter 3, specifically Section 3.3, presents a data-based model of the electroreceptors that process the sensory input. We used machine learning techniques to develop a model that can predict the response of the receptors to distortions due to different objects. The model is based on local field potential data collected from the afferent layers of the electrosensory lobe, the first brain area that processes the sensory input. This data was collected by Abigail Zadina in Nathaniel Sawtell's laboratory at Columbia University.Chapter 3, specifically Section 3.4, describes the neural network models that identify computations that help solve the behavior. We used data generated from the physics model as sensory input, we used our electroreceptor model to parse this data serving as first-stage input to down-stream brain areas, and we used neural network models to characterize the nearby objects' spatial and electric properties based on the sensory input. Based on results from our neural network models, we set two hypotheses for how weakly electric fish sense their environment and motivate experiments on less studied brain areas to test these hypotheses. First, we suggest that decoding all spatial and electric properties of a nearby object distorting the electric discharge is very challenging due to interactions between these properties, but first decoding the spatial properties and then using the spatial properties as internal feedback to decode the electric properties helps solve the task by disentangling the interactions. Second, we suggest that the specialized Schnauzenorgan organ of the weakly electric G. petersii, previously described as an electric fovea due to the very high density of electroreceptors and believed to serve a primary role in close-range characterization, may also play a role in long-range detection of objects surrounding the fish.Chapter 4 explores social interactions in groups of freely swimming fish and starts to investigate how they use their electric discharges to navigate, interact and communicate. Here, we used our physics-based framework to accurately identify the fish that emitted each electric discharge in a group of fish. This work is currently in progress and we performed various preliminary analyses to investigate the social behavior and social rank of these fish, which we present here. Data for this project was collected by Federico Pedraja in Nathaniel Sawtell's laboratory at Columbia University.The second half of this work addresses a variety of different research questions with loose connections in between them and in relation to the first half. The common factor present in all these projects can be generally described as investigating how computations may be used in neural circuits to produce successful behavior. We used a variety of computational models and tools to investigate these questions, and we present the results of these investigations in the following chapters.Chapter 5 provides a biologically plausible architecture alternative for the classical binary classification task. Typically, feed-forward models have been used to solve this task. However, neocortical circuits likely involved in decision making are recurrent and sparse. We used a recurrent neural network model with sparsity constraints to solve the binary classification task. We demonstrated that the sparse recurrent networks solve the task well, make use of dynamic computation similar to evidence accumulation, and distribute the information throughout the network despite the sparsity constraints.Chapter 6 explores syntactic differences of world languages and offers a potential neural computation mechanism that could account for those differences. We focused on differences in the basic word order of simple sentences because these have been extensively studied in the linguistic literature. These simple sentences only have three parts, subject, verb, and object, and the order of these parts varies across languages non-uniformly. We aimed to provide a possible language generation mechanism that could account for these differences.Chapter 7 investigates the computational journey from numerical cognition to arithmetic ability. This research direction was motivated by and based on experimental work that addressed whether bees (and later stingrays and cichlids) can learn simple arithmetic operations. This project was designed for introducing a Columbia SEAS undergraduate student, Katharyn Fatehi, to computational neuroscience research. I mentored Kat through the Women in Science at Columbia program, and provided detailed guidance, code base, tutorials and instructions for her to learn about computational neuroscience research and to contribute to this project.Chapter 8 represents my contribution to a large collaboration effort aimed at improving spike sorting techniques. This project quantified the impact on spike sorting quality of the geometry mismatch between typical recording probes (1D, or 2D at best) and the 3D structure of the brain. We leveraged the experimental setup, multi-electrode recording arrays with planar geometry recording the activity of 2D retinal tissue, to address this question.The work presented in this thesis is a collection of projects that investigate neural computations in different contexts. The first half of the work is focused on the weakly electric fish G. petersii and its active electrolocation behavior. The second half of the work explores a variety of different research questions related to computational mechanisms that could be implemented in neural circuits. The work presented here is a step towards understanding how computations in neural circuits can produce successful behavior in different contexts.
일반주제명  
Neurosciences
일반주제명  
Biomedical engineering
일반주제명  
Medical imaging
키워드  
Active electrolocation
키워드  
Modeling
키워드  
Neural computation
키워드  
Sensory systems
키워드  
Social interactions
기타저자  
Columbia University Neurobiology and Behavior
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■24510▼aHow  to  "See"  With  Electricity  -  Comprehensive  End-To-End  Modeling  of  Active  Electrolocation  Sheds  New  Light  on  Neural  Computation
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Abbott,  Larry  F.;Sawtell,  Nathaniel  B.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aWe  rely  so  much  on  vision  that  it  is  hard  to  imagine  sensing  the  world  differently.  But  most  organisms  primarily  use  other  sensory  information,  even  something  as  detached  from  our  senses  as  electricity.  Some  fish,  called  weakly  electric  fish,  generate  electric  pulses  to  sense  their  environment.  Objects  in  their  environment  distort  the  electric  pulses,  and  the  fish  use  special  receptors  in  their  skin  to  process  these  distortions  and  identify  the  nearby  objects.  They  detect  the  location,  size,  shape,  and  electric  properties  of  nearby  objects,  enabling  them  to  find  preferred  food.  These  fish  use  their  discharges  not  only  for  sensing  and  foraging  as  described,  but  also  for  communication.  Investigating  this  sensory  system  can  provide  insights  into  neural  computations  for  sensory  processing  more  broadly,  and  can  expand  our  understanding  of  the  complex  stimuli  present  in  our  environment  that  we  do  not  perceive.In  the  first  half  of  this  work,  we  investigated  how  the  weakly  electric  fish  Gnathonemus  petersii  processes  the  electric  sensory  information  to  interact  with  its  environment.  We  also  used  the  tools  developed  in  this  work  to  study  social  behavior  in  groups  of  freely  swimming  fish.Chapter  1  provides  an  in-depth  introduction  to  this  model  organism  and  its  prominent  active  electrolocation  behavior.  This  introductory  chapter  is  focused  on  the  parts  of  the  behavior  that  are  relevant  to  the  computational  models  developed  in  this  work.  We  investigated  the  active  electrolocation  behavior  using  a  comprehensive  end-to-end  model  that  contains  multiple  components,  which  will  be  detailed  in  the  following  chapters.Chapter  2  describes  the  physics  model  that  simulates  the  fish  and  its  environment  to  collect  data.  The  physics  model  builds  on  previous  work  and  extends  it  to  a  more  general  framework  that  can  be  used  to  simulate  the  fish  in  different  environments.  We  developed  and  adequately  documented  an  open  code  base  that  can  be  used  to  simulate  various  fish  species  and  their  interactions  with  nearby  objects  or  electrical  boundaries.Chapter  3,  specifically  Section  3.3,  presents  a  data-based  model  of  the  electroreceptors  that  process  the  sensory  input.  We  used  machine  learning  techniques  to  develop  a  model  that  can  predict  the  response  of  the  receptors  to  distortions  due  to  different  objects.  The  model  is  based  on  local  field  potential  data  collected  from  the  afferent  layers  of  the  electrosensory  lobe,  the  first  brain  area  that  processes  the  sensory  input.  This  data  was  collected  by  Abigail  Zadina  in  Nathaniel  Sawtell's  laboratory  at  Columbia  University.Chapter  3,  specifically  Section  3.4,  describes  the  neural  network  models  that  identify  computations  that  help  solve  the  behavior.  We  used  data  generated  from  the  physics  model  as  sensory  input,  we  used  our  electroreceptor  model  to  parse  this  data  serving  as  first-stage  input  to  down-stream  brain  areas,  and  we  used  neural  network  models  to  characterize  the  nearby  objects'  spatial  and  electric  properties  based  on  the  sensory  input.  Based  on  results  from  our  neural  network  models,  we  set  two  hypotheses  for  how  weakly  electric  fish  sense  their  environment  and  motivate  experiments  on  less  studied  brain  areas  to  test  these  hypotheses.  First,  we  suggest  that  decoding  all  spatial  and  electric  properties  of  a  nearby  object  distorting  the  electric  discharge  is  very  challenging  due  to  interactions  between  these  properties,  but  first  decoding  the  spatial  properties  and  then  using  the  spatial  properties  as  internal  feedback  to  decode  the  electric  properties  helps  solve  the  task  by  disentangling  the  interactions.  Second,  we  suggest  that  the  specialized  Schnauzenorgan  organ  of  the  weakly  electric  G.  petersii,  previously  described  as  an  electric  fovea  due  to  the  very  high  density  of  electroreceptors  and  believed  to  serve  a  primary  role  in  close-range  characterization,  may  also  play  a  role  in  long-range  detection  of  objects  surrounding  the  fish.Chapter  4  explores  social  interactions  in  groups  of  freely  swimming  fish  and  starts  to  investigate  how  they  use  their  electric  discharges  to  navigate,  interact  and  communicate.  Here,  we  used  our  physics-based  framework  to  accurately  identify  the  fish  that  emitted  each  electric  discharge  in  a  group  of  fish.  This  work  is  currently  in  progress  and  we  performed  various  preliminary  analyses  to  investigate  the  social  behavior  and  social  rank  of  these  fish,  which  we  present  here.  Data  for  this  project  was  collected  by  Federico  Pedraja  in  Nathaniel  Sawtell's  laboratory  at  Columbia  University.The  second  half  of  this  work  addresses  a  variety  of  different  research  questions  with  loose  connections  in  between  them  and  in  relation  to  the  first  half.  The  common  factor  present  in  all  these  projects  can  be  generally  described  as  investigating  how  computations  may  be  used  in  neural  circuits  to  produce  successful  behavior.  We  used  a  variety  of  computational  models  and  tools  to  investigate  these  questions,  and  we  present  the  results  of  these  investigations  in  the  following  chapters.Chapter  5  provides  a  biologically  plausible  architecture  alternative  for  the  classical  binary  classification  task.  Typically,  feed-forward  models  have  been  used  to  solve  this  task.  However,  neocortical  circuits  likely  involved  in  decision  making  are  recurrent  and  sparse.  We  used  a  recurrent  neural  network  model  with  sparsity  constraints  to  solve  the  binary  classification  task.  We  demonstrated  that  the  sparse  recurrent  networks  solve  the  task  well,  make  use  of  dynamic  computation  similar  to  evidence  accumulation,  and  distribute  the  information  throughout  the  network  despite  the  sparsity  constraints.Chapter  6  explores  syntactic  differences  of  world  languages  and  offers  a  potential  neural  computation  mechanism  that  could  account  for  those  differences.  We  focused  on  differences  in  the  basic  word  order  of  simple  sentences  because  these  have  been  extensively  studied  in  the  linguistic  literature.  These  simple  sentences  only  have  three  parts,  subject,  verb,  and  object,  and  the  order  of  these  parts  varies  across  languages  non-uniformly.  We  aimed  to  provide  a  possible  language  generation  mechanism  that  could  account  for  these  differences.Chapter  7  investigates  the  computational  journey  from  numerical  cognition  to  arithmetic  ability.  This  research  direction  was  motivated  by  and  based  on  experimental  work  that  addressed  whether  bees  (and  later  stingrays  and  cichlids)  can  learn  simple  arithmetic  operations.  This  project  was  designed  for  introducing  a  Columbia  SEAS  undergraduate  student,  Katharyn  Fatehi,  to  computational  neuroscience  research.  I  mentored  Kat  through  the  Women  in  Science  at  Columbia  program,  and  provided  detailed  guidance,  code  base,  tutorials  and  instructions  for  her  to  learn  about  computational  neuroscience  research  and  to  contribute  to  this  project.Chapter  8  represents  my  contribution  to  a  large  collaboration  effort  aimed  at  improving  spike  sorting  techniques.  This  project  quantified  the  impact  on  spike  sorting  quality  of  the  geometry  mismatch  between  typical  recording  probes  (1D,  or  2D  at  best)  and  the  3D  structure  of  the  brain.  We  leveraged  the  experimental  setup,  multi-electrode  recording  arrays  with  planar  geometry  recording  the  activity  of  2D  retinal  tissue,  to  address  this  question.The  work  presented  in  this  thesis  is  a  collection  of  projects  that  investigate  neural  computations  in  different  contexts.  The  first  half  of  the  work  is  focused  on  the  weakly  electric  fish  G.  petersii  and  its  active  electrolocation  behavior.  The  second  half  of  the  work  explores  a  variety  of  different  research  questions  related  to  computational  mechanisms  that  could  be  implemented  in  neural  circuits.  The  work  presented  here  is  a  step  towards  understanding  how  computations  in  neural  circuits  can  produce  successful  behavior  in  different  contexts.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■650  4▼aNeurosciences
■650  4▼aBiomedical  engineering
■650  4▼aMedical  imaging
■653    ▼aActive  electrolocation
■653    ▼aModeling
■653    ▼aNeural  computation
■653    ▼aSensory  systems
■653    ▼aSocial  interactions
■690    ▼a0317
■690    ▼a0541
■690    ▼a0574
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bNeurobiology  and  Behavior.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-02B.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163378▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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