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Enteric Glia & the Role of Gpr37 in Intestinal Inflammation
Enteric Glia & the Role of Gpr37 in Intestinal Inflammation
Enteric Glia & the Role of Gpr37 in Intestinal Inflammation

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153048
ISBN  
9798346380306
DDC  
571.6
저자명  
Robertson, Keiramarie.
서명/저자  
Enteric Glia & the Role of Gpr37 in Intestinal Inflammation
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
88 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Becker, Laren;Kaltschmidt, Julia.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal (GI) functions, including nutrient absorption in the small intestine, and water absorption and propulsion of fecal matter in the colon.The ENS is composed of neurons, immune cells, and enteric glia cells (EGCs) that reside within two ganglionated plexuses within the gut wall.Characterizations of neuron and immune cell composition have revealed substantial heterogeneity throughout the GI tract, likely tailored to each location's specific function. Existing sequencing data suggest subpopulations of EGCs are present within the small intestine and colon ; however, the number and composition of these subtypes varies, potentially due to differences in sequencing methods. Furthermore, studies often focus on the entire GI tract, not differentiating between the MP and SMP, or focusing on the MP alone, leaving layer-specific heterogeneity unexplored.EGCs have been compared to astrocytes in the brain as they have many functional similarities. Like astrocytes, EGCs respond to neurotransmitters and release ATP. In the ENS, EGC response to neurotransmitters and subsequent release of ATP modulates intestinal reflexes. Activation of EGCs alone can drive neurogenic contractions, and disruptions in their function can lead to alterations in GI motility. During inflammation, EGCs become reactive, akin to astrocyte reactive gliosis, and can have both beneficial and harmful effects on GI function. Reactive gliosis in astrocytes has been recognized as a heterogenous response that depends on many factors including location within the brain. The extent to which region or layer-specific EGCs contribute to reactive gliosis and intestinal immune response remains unknown.In Chapter 1of this dissertation, I provide a brief introduction of the gastrointestinal tract and how the enteric nervous system regulates its function. I provide background information on enteric glia cells and what is known about their role in regulating GI motility. Additionally, I discuss EGCs involvement in GI inflammation and detail their inflammatory phenotype known as reactive gliosis. Finally, I review what is known about G-protein coupled receptor Gpr37 in regulating reactive gliosis in the CNS, as its function in the GI tract was previously unknown.In Chapter 2,I describe original research on region- and layer-specific heterogeneity of EGCs in the ENS. My findings reveal that EGCs are transcriptionally distinct according to the region and layer they reside in. I detail various MP specific EGC genes and differentially expressed genes between the MP and SMP, and the small intestine and colon. I further explore the function of the MP specific EGC gene, Gpr37, in reactive gliosis. My results suggest that signaling through Gpr37 attenuates fundamental processes in reactive gliosis such as activation of NF-kB and IFN-y signaling pathways, lymphocyte infiltration, neuronal activation, and GI dysmotility.In Chapter 3,I summarize my findings, discuss their potential implications, and detail important future directions.
일반주제명  
Cell death
일반주제명  
Chemokines
일반주제명  
Blood vessels
일반주제명  
Cytokines
일반주제명  
Inflammatory bowel disease
일반주제명  
Flow cytometry
일반주제명  
Inflammation
일반주제명  
Colorectal cancer
일반주제명  
Constipation
일반주제명  
Neurotransmitters
일반주제명  
Small intestine
일반주제명  
Tumorigenesis
일반주제명  
Large intestine
일반주제명  
Immune system
일반주제명  
Rectum
일반주제명  
Nervous system
일반주제명  
Role models
일반주제명  
Nitric oxide
일반주제명  
Crohns disease
일반주제명  
Spinal cord
일반주제명  
Irritable bowel syndrome
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Immunology
일반주제명  
Medicine
일반주제명  
Neurosciences
일반주제명  
Oncology
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aRobertson,  Keiramarie.
■24510▼aEnteric  Glia  &  the  Role  of  Gpr37  in  Intestinal  Inflammation
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a88  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Becker,  Laren;Kaltschmidt,  Julia.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  enteric  nervous  system  (ENS)  plays  a  crucial  role  in  gastrointestinal  (GI)  functions,  including  nutrient  absorption  in  the  small  intestine,  and  water  absorption  and  propulsion  of  fecal  matter  in  the  colon.The  ENS  is  composed  of  neurons,  immune  cells,  and  enteric  glia  cells  (EGCs)  that  reside  within  two  ganglionated  plexuses  within  the  gut  wall.Characterizations  of  neuron  and  immune  cell  composition  have  revealed  substantial  heterogeneity  throughout  the  GI  tract,  likely  tailored  to  each  location's  specific  function.  Existing  sequencing  data  suggest  subpopulations  of  EGCs  are  present  within  the  small  intestine  and  colon  ;  however,  the  number  and  composition  of  these  subtypes  varies,  potentially  due  to  differences  in  sequencing  methods.  Furthermore,  studies  often  focus  on  the  entire  GI  tract,  not  differentiating  between  the  MP  and  SMP,  or  focusing  on  the  MP  alone,  leaving  layer-specific  heterogeneity  unexplored.EGCs  have  been  compared  to  astrocytes  in  the  brain  as  they  have  many  functional  similarities.  Like  astrocytes,  EGCs  respond  to  neurotransmitters  and  release  ATP.  In  the  ENS,  EGC  response  to  neurotransmitters  and  subsequent  release  of  ATP  modulates  intestinal  reflexes.  Activation  of  EGCs  alone  can  drive  neurogenic  contractions,  and  disruptions  in  their  function  can  lead  to  alterations  in  GI  motility.  During  inflammation,  EGCs  become  reactive,  akin  to  astrocyte  reactive  gliosis,  and  can  have  both  beneficial  and  harmful  effects  on  GI  function.  Reactive  gliosis  in  astrocytes  has  been  recognized  as  a  heterogenous  response  that  depends  on  many  factors  including  location  within  the  brain.  The  extent  to  which  region  or  layer-specific  EGCs  contribute  to  reactive  gliosis  and  intestinal  immune  response  remains  unknown.In  Chapter  1of  this  dissertation,  I  provide  a  brief  introduction  of  the  gastrointestinal  tract  and  how  the  enteric  nervous  system  regulates  its  function.  I  provide  background  information  on  enteric  glia  cells  and  what  is  known  about  their  role  in  regulating  GI  motility.  Additionally,  I  discuss  EGCs  involvement  in  GI  inflammation  and  detail  their  inflammatory  phenotype  known  as  reactive  gliosis.  Finally,  I  review  what  is  known  about  G-protein  coupled  receptor  Gpr37  in  regulating  reactive  gliosis  in  the  CNS,  as  its  function  in  the  GI  tract  was  previously  unknown.In  Chapter  2,I  describe  original  research  on  region-  and  layer-specific  heterogeneity  of  EGCs  in  the  ENS.  My  findings  reveal  that  EGCs  are  transcriptionally  distinct  according  to  the  region  and  layer  they  reside  in.  I  detail  various  MP  specific  EGC  genes  and  differentially  expressed  genes  between  the  MP  and  SMP,  and  the  small  intestine  and  colon.  I  further  explore  the  function  of  the  MP  specific  EGC  gene,  Gpr37,  in  reactive  gliosis.  My  results  suggest  that  signaling  through  Gpr37  attenuates  fundamental  processes  in  reactive  gliosis  such  as  activation  of  NF-kB  and  IFN-y  signaling  pathways,  lymphocyte  infiltration,  neuronal  activation,  and  GI  dysmotility.In  Chapter  3,I  summarize  my  findings,  discuss  their  potential  implications,  and  detail  important  future  directions.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aCell  death
■650  4▼aChemokines
■650  4▼aBlood  vessels
■650  4▼aCytokines
■650  4▼aInflammatory  bowel  disease
■650  4▼aFlow  cytometry
■650  4▼aInflammation
■650  4▼aColorectal  cancer
■650  4▼aConstipation
■650  4▼aNeurotransmitters
■650  4▼aSmall  intestine
■650  4▼aTumorigenesis
■650  4▼aLarge  intestine
■650  4▼aImmune  system
■650  4▼aRectum
■650  4▼aNervous  system
■650  4▼aRole  models
■650  4▼aNitric  oxide
■650  4▼aCrohns  disease
■650  4▼aSpinal  cord
■650  4▼aIrritable  bowel  syndrome
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aImmunology
■650  4▼aMedicine
■650  4▼aNeurosciences
■650  4▼aOncology
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0564
■690    ▼a0317
■690    ▼a0992
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-05B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164803▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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