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Effects of Gut Bacterial Metabolism of Diet on Host Health and Behavior
Effects of Gut Bacterial Metabolism of Diet on Host Health and Behavior
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211151512
- ISBN
- 9798382779638
- DDC
- 574
- 서명/저자
- Effects of Gut Bacterial Metabolism of Diet on Host Health and Behavior
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 164 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Hsiao, Elaine Y.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약The gut microbiota directly interacts with dietary components that their host consumes, generating metabolites that can affect host physiology and behavior. For example, gut bacteria digest complex carbohydrates, or fibers, that cannot be digested by the host and produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) via fermentation. SCFAs can stimulate gut motility, promote satiety, improve glucose homeostasis, and decrease inflammation. These diverse effects can be explained by many cell types expressing SCFA receptors, including neurons, gut epithelial cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which bacterial metabolism of dietary components affect host physiology remain incompletely understood. The work in this dissertation combines genetic engineering, in vitro assays, and mouse models to study these mechanisms in three distinct contexts: host food preference, methylmercury-induced toxicity, and placental development. In Chapter 2, we review evidence in the literature on whether and how the gut microbiota can influence host food preference. In Chapter 3, we show that gut bacterial metabolism of fructose-containing fibers called fructans influence host food preference. Specifically, colonization of germ-free mice with bacteria that selectively ferment fructans with different linkages increases host preference for the non-fermentable fructan. In Chapter 4, we focus on bacterial metabolism of an ingested environmental toxin-methylmercury in fish. We demonstrate that a gut bacterium engineered to demethylate methylmercury can reduce methylmercury levels in mice eating a high mercury fish diet. In Chapter 5, we show that the maternal gut microbiota is necessary to support placental development in mice, particularly vascularization. SCFAs stimulate angiogenesis in both in vitro assays of an umbilical cell line and microbiota-deficient mice. Together, the results of this work reveal novel mechanisms by which gut bacterial metabolism of diet can affect host health and behavior, which will contribute to development of microbiota-directed therapies for metabolic disorders, methylmercury toxicity, and intrauterine growth restriction.
- 일반주제명
- Molecular biology
- 일반주제명
- Microbiology
- 일반주제명
- Physiology
- 일반주제명
- Cellular biology
- 키워드
- Gut microbiome
- 키워드
- Gut-brain axis
- 키워드
- Fructans
- 키워드
- Methylmercury
- 기타저자
- University of California, Los Angeles Molecular Biology 0573
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
008250123s2024 us c eng d■001000017162002
■00520250211151512
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798382779638
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31300008
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a574
■1001 ▼aYu, Kristie Bo Chi.
■24510▼aEffects of Gut Bacterial Metabolism of Diet on Host Health and Behavior
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Los Angeles▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a164 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Hsiao, Elaine Y.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
■520 ▼aThe gut microbiota directly interacts with dietary components that their host consumes, generating metabolites that can affect host physiology and behavior. For example, gut bacteria digest complex carbohydrates, or fibers, that cannot be digested by the host and produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) via fermentation. SCFAs can stimulate gut motility, promote satiety, improve glucose homeostasis, and decrease inflammation. These diverse effects can be explained by many cell types expressing SCFA receptors, including neurons, gut epithelial cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which bacterial metabolism of dietary components affect host physiology remain incompletely understood. The work in this dissertation combines genetic engineering, in vitro assays, and mouse models to study these mechanisms in three distinct contexts: host food preference, methylmercury-induced toxicity, and placental development. In Chapter 2, we review evidence in the literature on whether and how the gut microbiota can influence host food preference. In Chapter 3, we show that gut bacterial metabolism of fructose-containing fibers called fructans influence host food preference. Specifically, colonization of germ-free mice with bacteria that selectively ferment fructans with different linkages increases host preference for the non-fermentable fructan. In Chapter 4, we focus on bacterial metabolism of an ingested environmental toxin-methylmercury in fish. We demonstrate that a gut bacterium engineered to demethylate methylmercury can reduce methylmercury levels in mice eating a high mercury fish diet. In Chapter 5, we show that the maternal gut microbiota is necessary to support placental development in mice, particularly vascularization. SCFAs stimulate angiogenesis in both in vitro assays of an umbilical cell line and microbiota-deficient mice. Together, the results of this work reveal novel mechanisms by which gut bacterial metabolism of diet can affect host health and behavior, which will contribute to development of microbiota-directed therapies for metabolic disorders, methylmercury toxicity, and intrauterine growth restriction.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0031.
■650 4▼aMolecular biology
■650 4▼aMicrobiology
■650 4▼aPhysiology
■650 4▼aCellular biology
■653 ▼aGut microbiome
■653 ▼aGut-brain axis
■653 ▼aHost food preference
■653 ▼aFructans
■653 ▼aMethylmercury
■653 ▼aBacterial metabolism
■690 ▼a0307
■690 ▼a0410
■690 ▼a0379
■690 ▼a0719
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Los Angeles▼bMolecular Biology 0573.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g85-12B.
■790 ▼a0031
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162002▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


