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Effects of Gut Bacterial Metabolism of Diet on Host Health and Behavior
Effects of Gut Bacterial Metabolism of Diet on Host Health and Behavior
Effects of Gut Bacterial Metabolism of Diet on Host Health and Behavior

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151512
ISBN  
9798382779638
DDC  
574
저자명  
Yu, Kristie Bo Chi.
서명/저자  
Effects of Gut Bacterial Metabolism of Diet on Host Health and Behavior
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
164 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hsiao, Elaine Y.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The gut microbiota directly interacts with dietary components that their host consumes, generating metabolites that can affect host physiology and behavior. For example, gut bacteria digest complex carbohydrates, or fibers, that cannot be digested by the host and produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) via fermentation. SCFAs can stimulate gut motility, promote satiety, improve glucose homeostasis, and decrease inflammation. These diverse effects can be explained by many cell types expressing SCFA receptors, including neurons, gut epithelial cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which bacterial metabolism of dietary components affect host physiology remain incompletely understood. The work in this dissertation combines genetic engineering, in vitro assays, and mouse models to study these mechanisms in three distinct contexts: host food preference, methylmercury-induced toxicity, and placental development. In Chapter 2, we review evidence in the literature on whether and how the gut microbiota can influence host food preference. In Chapter 3, we show that gut bacterial metabolism of fructose-containing fibers called fructans influence host food preference. Specifically, colonization of germ-free mice with bacteria that selectively ferment fructans with different linkages increases host preference for the non-fermentable fructan. In Chapter 4, we focus on bacterial metabolism of an ingested environmental toxin-methylmercury in fish. We demonstrate that a gut bacterium engineered to demethylate methylmercury can reduce methylmercury levels in mice eating a high mercury fish diet. In Chapter 5, we show that the maternal gut microbiota is necessary to support placental development in mice, particularly vascularization. SCFAs stimulate angiogenesis in both in vitro assays of an umbilical cell line and microbiota-deficient mice. Together, the results of this work reveal novel mechanisms by which gut bacterial metabolism of diet can affect host health and behavior, which will contribute to development of microbiota-directed therapies for metabolic disorders, methylmercury toxicity, and intrauterine growth restriction.
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Physiology
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
키워드  
Gut microbiome
키워드  
Gut-brain axis
키워드  
Host food preference
키워드  
Fructans
키워드  
Methylmercury
키워드  
Bacterial metabolism
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Molecular Biology 0573
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■006m          o    d                
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■020    ▼a9798382779638
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31300008
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a574
■1001  ▼aYu,  Kristie  Bo  Chi.
■24510▼aEffects  of  Gut  Bacterial  Metabolism  of  Diet  on  Host  Health  and  Behavior
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a164  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hsiao,  Elaine  Y.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  gut  microbiota  directly  interacts  with  dietary  components  that  their  host  consumes,  generating  metabolites  that  can  affect  host  physiology  and  behavior.  For  example,  gut  bacteria  digest  complex  carbohydrates,  or  fibers,  that  cannot  be  digested  by  the  host  and  produce  short  chain  fatty  acids  (SCFAs)  via  fermentation.  SCFAs  can  stimulate  gut  motility,  promote  satiety,  improve  glucose  homeostasis,  and  decrease  inflammation.  These  diverse  effects  can  be  explained  by  many  cell  types  expressing  SCFA  receptors,  including  neurons,  gut  epithelial  cells,  immune  cells,  and  endothelial  cells.  However,  the  molecular  mechanisms  by  which  bacterial  metabolism  of  dietary  components  affect  host  physiology  remain  incompletely  understood.  The  work  in  this  dissertation  combines  genetic  engineering,  in  vitro  assays,  and  mouse  models  to  study  these  mechanisms  in  three  distinct  contexts:  host  food  preference,  methylmercury-induced  toxicity,  and  placental  development.  In  Chapter  2,  we  review  evidence  in  the  literature  on  whether  and  how  the  gut  microbiota  can  influence  host  food  preference.  In  Chapter  3,  we  show  that  gut  bacterial  metabolism  of  fructose-containing  fibers  called  fructans  influence  host  food  preference.  Specifically,  colonization  of  germ-free  mice  with  bacteria  that  selectively  ferment  fructans  with  different  linkages  increases  host  preference  for  the  non-fermentable  fructan.  In  Chapter  4,  we  focus  on  bacterial  metabolism  of  an  ingested  environmental  toxin-methylmercury  in  fish.  We  demonstrate  that  a  gut  bacterium  engineered  to  demethylate  methylmercury  can  reduce  methylmercury  levels  in  mice  eating  a  high  mercury  fish  diet.  In  Chapter  5,  we  show  that  the  maternal  gut  microbiota  is  necessary  to  support  placental  development  in  mice,  particularly  vascularization.  SCFAs  stimulate  angiogenesis  in  both  in  vitro  assays  of  an  umbilical  cell  line  and  microbiota-deficient  mice.  Together,  the  results  of  this  work  reveal  novel  mechanisms  by  which  gut  bacterial  metabolism  of  diet  can  affect  host  health  and  behavior,  which  will  contribute  to  development  of  microbiota-directed  therapies  for  metabolic  disorders,  methylmercury  toxicity,  and  intrauterine  growth  restriction.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aPhysiology
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■653    ▼aGut  microbiome
■653    ▼aGut-brain  axis
■653    ▼aHost  food  preference
■653    ▼aFructans
■653    ▼aMethylmercury
■653    ▼aBacterial  metabolism
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0410
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0719
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bMolecular  Biology  0573.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162002▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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