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The Epistemology of Reflection
The Epistemology of Reflection
The Epistemology of Reflection

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153112
ISBN  
9798384460619
DDC  
100
저자명  
Ambardekar, Pranav Niranjan.
서명/저자  
The Epistemology of Reflection
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Ohio State University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
149 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Smithies, Declan.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation argues for a moderate view of the value or significance of reflection in epistemology. I arrive at the moderate view by arguing for the following three theses: (I) reflection cannot supply a genuine agential explanation of epistemic normativity; (II) extant empirically informed arguments fail to undermine the reliability and epistemic value of reflection; (III) reflection is an essential component of wisdom, and we can come to appreciate the distinctive social value of reflection by paying attention to its connection with wisdom.Chapter 1 introduces the background of the project. I explain what I mean by reflection. Then, I briefly describe the dialectical situation: in contemporary analytic philosophy, philosophers have taken extreme views on the significance of reflection in epistemology. This background is necessary for appreciating how the arguments in my dissertation cumulatively advance the epistemological literature on reflection by carving out a moderate position on the value of reflection. Finally, I provide summaries of individual chapters and indicate what role each chapter is playing in the overall argument of this dissertation.Chapter 2 argues that reflection does not supply us a genuine concept of epistemic agency, and it does not supply a genuine agential explanation of epistemic normativity. To be clear, this chapter has a broader target: it argues against epistemic agency and against an agential explanation of epistemic normativity. Prominent proposals about epistemic agency cash the idea out in terms of voluntary agency, reasons-responsiveness (in both its reflective and unreflective variants), or judgment. I show that each of these proposals faces the following dilemma: either the proposal fails to capture any genuine concept of agency, or it fails to adequately capture the class of items that are governed by epistemic norms.Chapter 3 argues that Hilary Kornblith's recent empirically grounded critique of the epistemic value of reflection fails. I argue that this critique fails even if we concede that (a) the empirical facts are as Kornblith says they are and (b) reliability is the only determinant of epistemic value. The critique fails because it seeks to undermine the reliability of reflection in general but targets only one of its variants, namely individual reflection, while neglecting social reflection. This chapter is written in a concessive spirit: I argue that even if we grant that individual reflection falls prey to the psychological distortions that Kornblith highlights (e.g., introspection failure, implicit bias, motivated reasoning, etc.), we have not been given sufficient evidence to believe that social reflection cannot overcome these distortions. I show that - under a range of conditions - social reflection does better at getting us closer to the truth compared to individual reflection. My analysis provides us prima facie grounds for optimism regarding the reliability of social reflection. Ultimately, then, Kornblith's critique fails to undermine the epistemic value of reflection in general.Chapter 4 argues that reflection is an essential component of wisdom. The key claim in my argument is that wisdom requires higher-order normative guidance. On a broad conception of practical wisdom, wisdom requires being guided by diverse kinds of normative knowledge relevant to the good life. But this knowledge cannot merely be first-order knowledge. I argue that wisdom requires certain kinds of self-knowledge, which essentially has higher-order content. Without the capacity for reflection, one cannot form or be guided by normative beliefs with higher-order content. Therefore, without the capacity for reflection, one cannot be wise. By paying attention to the connection between reflection and wisdom, we can recognize the distinctive value of reflection, which goes beyond its epistemic value. The distinctive value of reflection has a social dimension. In a nutshell, reflection is socially valuable because it enables the verbal transfer of wisdom.Chapter 5 recaps what I have argued for in this dissertation and concludes by discussing future directions of research.
일반주제명  
Philosophy
일반주제명  
Epistemology
일반주제명  
Social psychology
일반주제명  
Logic
키워드  
Reflection
키워드  
Higher-order reasoning
키워드  
Epistemic agency
키워드  
Epistemic value
키워드  
Wisdom
키워드  
Social reflection
기타저자  
The Ohio State University Philosophy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aAmbardekar,  Pranav  Niranjan.
■24510▼aThe  Epistemology  of  Reflection
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Ohio  State  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Smithies,  Declan.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Ohio  State  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  argues  for  a  moderate  view  of  the  value  or  significance  of  reflection  in  epistemology.  I  arrive  at  the  moderate  view  by  arguing  for  the  following  three  theses:  (I)  reflection  cannot  supply  a  genuine  agential  explanation  of  epistemic  normativity;  (II)  extant  empirically  informed  arguments  fail  to  undermine  the  reliability  and  epistemic  value  of  reflection;  (III)  reflection  is  an  essential  component  of  wisdom,  and  we  can  come  to  appreciate  the  distinctive  social  value  of  reflection  by  paying  attention  to  its  connection  with  wisdom.Chapter  1  introduces  the  background  of  the  project.  I  explain  what  I  mean  by  reflection.  Then,  I  briefly  describe  the  dialectical  situation:  in  contemporary  analytic  philosophy,  philosophers  have  taken  extreme  views  on  the  significance  of  reflection  in  epistemology.  This  background  is  necessary  for  appreciating  how  the  arguments  in  my  dissertation  cumulatively  advance  the  epistemological  literature  on  reflection  by  carving  out  a  moderate  position  on  the  value  of  reflection.  Finally,  I  provide  summaries  of  individual  chapters  and  indicate  what  role  each  chapter  is  playing  in  the  overall  argument  of  this  dissertation.Chapter  2  argues  that  reflection  does  not  supply  us  a  genuine  concept  of  epistemic  agency,  and  it  does  not  supply  a  genuine  agential  explanation  of  epistemic  normativity.  To  be  clear,  this  chapter  has  a  broader  target:  it  argues  against  epistemic  agency  and  against  an  agential  explanation  of  epistemic  normativity.  Prominent  proposals  about  epistemic  agency  cash  the  idea  out  in  terms  of  voluntary  agency,  reasons-responsiveness  (in  both  its  reflective  and  unreflective  variants),  or  judgment.  I  show  that  each  of  these  proposals  faces  the  following  dilemma:  either  the  proposal  fails  to  capture  any  genuine  concept  of  agency,  or  it  fails  to  adequately  capture  the  class  of  items  that  are  governed  by  epistemic  norms.Chapter  3  argues  that  Hilary  Kornblith's  recent  empirically  grounded  critique  of  the  epistemic  value  of  reflection  fails.  I  argue  that  this  critique  fails  even  if  we  concede  that  (a)  the  empirical  facts  are  as  Kornblith  says  they  are  and  (b)  reliability  is  the  only  determinant  of  epistemic  value.  The  critique  fails  because  it  seeks  to  undermine  the  reliability  of  reflection  in  general  but  targets  only  one  of  its  variants,  namely  individual  reflection,  while  neglecting  social  reflection.  This  chapter  is  written  in  a  concessive  spirit:  I  argue  that  even  if  we  grant  that  individual  reflection  falls  prey  to  the  psychological  distortions  that  Kornblith  highlights  (e.g.,  introspection  failure,  implicit  bias,  motivated  reasoning,  etc.),  we  have  not  been  given  sufficient  evidence  to  believe  that  social  reflection  cannot  overcome  these  distortions.  I  show  that  -  under  a  range  of  conditions  -  social  reflection  does  better  at  getting  us  closer  to  the  truth  compared  to  individual  reflection.  My  analysis  provides  us  prima  facie  grounds  for  optimism  regarding  the  reliability  of  social  reflection.  Ultimately,  then,  Kornblith's  critique  fails  to  undermine  the  epistemic  value  of  reflection  in  general.Chapter  4  argues  that  reflection  is  an  essential  component  of  wisdom.  The  key  claim  in  my  argument  is  that  wisdom  requires  higher-order  normative  guidance.  On  a  broad  conception  of  practical  wisdom,  wisdom  requires  being  guided  by  diverse  kinds  of  normative  knowledge  relevant  to  the  good  life.  But  this  knowledge  cannot  merely  be  first-order  knowledge.  I  argue  that  wisdom  requires  certain  kinds  of  self-knowledge,  which essentially  has  higher-order  content.  Without  the  capacity  for  reflection,  one  cannot  form  or  be  guided  by  normative  beliefs  with  higher-order  content.  Therefore,  without  the  capacity  for  reflection,  one  cannot  be  wise.  By  paying  attention  to  the  connection  between  reflection  and  wisdom,  we  can  recognize  the  distinctive  value  of  reflection,  which  goes  beyond  its  epistemic  value.  The  distinctive  value  of  reflection  has  a  social  dimension.  In  a  nutshell,  reflection  is  socially  valuable  because  it  enables  the  verbal  transfer  of  wisdom.Chapter  5  recaps  what  I  have  argued  for  in  this  dissertation  and  concludes  by  discussing  future  directions  of  research.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0168.
■650  4▼aPhilosophy
■650  4▼aEpistemology
■650  4▼aSocial  psychology
■650  4▼aLogic
■653    ▼aReflection
■653    ▼aHigher-order  reasoning
■653    ▼aEpistemic  agency
■653    ▼aEpistemic  value
■653    ▼aWisdom
■653    ▼aSocial  reflection
■690    ▼a0422
■690    ▼a0393
■690    ▼a0451
■690    ▼a0395
■71020▼aThe  Ohio  State  University▼bPhilosophy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-04B.
■790    ▼a0168
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164999▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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