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Walking the Tightrope: Understanding Stakeholder Political Preferences and Their Influence on Corporate Sociopolitical Activism
Walking the Tightrope: Understanding Stakeholder Political Preferences and Their Influence...
Walking the Tightrope: Understanding Stakeholder Political Preferences and Their Influence on Corporate Sociopolitical Activism

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151954
ISBN  
9798384450573
DDC  
320
저자명  
Kagan, Max I.
서명/저자  
Walking the Tightrope: Understanding Stakeholder Political Preferences and Their Influence on Corporate Sociopolitical Activism
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
153 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Broockman, David.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation focuses on three questions within non-market strategy-that is to say, at the intersection of business and politics.Recently, companies have increasingly taken public stances on controversial political and social issues. While business has long sought to influence political policies in its own self-interest, this typically focused on economic issues with a direct connection to the financial bottom line-e.g., taxes, trade, and regulation-rather than contentious, morally-infused issues such as abortion, gun violence, LGBTQ rights, and racial (in)equality. In thinking about when and why companies may engage in this activism, I consider how stakeholders' influence may influence and constrain corporate decisions to engage on these issues. In this dissertation, the first two chapters focus consider employees, while the third focuses on customers.The first chapter of this dissertation, "Office Parties: Partisan Sorting in the United States Labor Market" (co-authored with Justin Frake and Reuben Hurst) explores the extent of partisan sorting among employees in the United States. We create an original longitudinal dataset by merging voter registration data with with 17 million online employee profiles covering 14.5 million unique workers from 2012-2022. This represents the largest-ever dataset of this kind, with significantly larger (and less socioeconomically biased) coverage than other measures of employees' partisanship. Using these original data, we present four main findings. First, we find significant evidence that individuals are politically sorted across workplaces. Whereas prior work in political science has held up the workplace as an ideal locus of cross-partisan context, we find that the average Democratic worker's co-workers are about 15 percentage points more Democratic than the average Republicans co-workers, and vice versa. The extent of observed sorting is largely-but not entirely-associated with partisan sorting among metropolitan areas, industries, and occupations. Accounting for factors correlated with partisanship-geography, occupation, and industry-reduces this estimate to about 2 percentage points, which is similar in magnitude to our estimates of workplace sorting by gender and race. Second, we find that sorting appears more pronounced among workers who may have more labor market power (e.g., white workers, more senior workers, and workers in jobs which require more training) as well as workers who appear more politically engaged. Third, political sorting has increased among new joiners to firms since 2017. Fourth, because Democrats comprise a greater share of the workforce, sorting means that Republicans experience a significantly larger share of out-partisan co-workers.The second chapter of this dissertation, "Do Conservative Social Policies Harm Access to Employee Talent? Evidence from the North Carolina Bathroom Bill," takes up a common rhetorical claim companies make to explain their decision to speak out on contentious socially issue. One common explanation for "corporate sociopolitical activism" is that government policies can make it harder to attract talented employees, and so companies expose these policies which have the potential to harm their businesses. While these employee-centric justifications for CSA are widespread, there is limited evidence measuring whether these types of policies actually do have a negative impact on firms' ability to attract employees. This paper tests whether government policies do harm businesses by reducing their access to employee talent. I look at employee responses to North Carolina's 2016 HB2 law (the "bathroom bill"), which prompted national attention and over 100 CEOs to argue that it would harm North Carolina's ability to attract workers. Using administrative data which cover 95% of U.S. employees, and the recently-developed Generalized Synthetic Control (GSC) technique (Xu 2017), I find no evidence that HB2 resulted in a decline in workers' in-migration to North Carolina or an increase in workers' out-migration from the state, meaning that the bill did not appear to reduce North Carolina employers' access to talent. This null finding is precisely estimated and holds both for overall in-migration and outmigration and there is no evidence of heterogeneity among young workers, college-educated workers, or workers in specific industries. I also rule out that this null result was driven by a compensating differential in wages for workers relocating to or from North Carolina or that it was the result of offsetting partisan shifts in migration patterns.Finally, the third chapter, "This Bud's For You? The Effect of Partisan Political Cues on Politically Polarized Brands," investigates whether partisan cues can potentially unwind or attenuate already-polarized customer preferences. Real-world events and political cues can induce political polarization in consumption patterns. When politically-motivated customers find out that seemingly neutral or apolitical brands support a political party or take a political stance, they may respond by boycotting or "buycotting" the brand in question. To date, no research has explored what happens when customers receive a political cue about a brand that is not viewed as neutral or apolitical, but one which already has a polarized reputation. This survey experiment takes advantage of the recent conservative boycott of Bud Light following the brand's partnership with a transgender social media influencer. Using the context of this (mostly) Republican boycott of Bud Light after the brand partnered with a transgender influencer, I find that partisan political cues likely constitute a one-way ratchet on polarized brand reputations. Republicans remain negatively disposed towards the brand even when told that Republican leaders (including President Trump) support the brand. I do that partisan cues can erode support for brands: When Democrats were told that fellow Democrats were boycotting Bud Light, they become less likely to select the brand in a choice-based conjoint task, and far more likely to report boycotting the brand. I also find that this polarization in expressed attitudes may not always be backed up with actual changes in economic behavior, as a significant portion of respondents who claim to be boycotting the brand give inconsistent survey responses which suggest they may not actually be boycotting.
일반주제명  
Political science
키워드  
Business
키워드  
Corporate political activism
키워드  
Employees
키워드  
Human capital
키워드  
Stakeholder
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Political Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aKagan,  Max  I.
■24510▼aWalking  the  Tightrope:  Understanding  Stakeholder  Political  Preferences  and  Their  Influence  on  Corporate  Sociopolitical  Activism
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a153  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Broockman,  David.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  focuses  on  three  questions  within  non-market  strategy-that  is  to  say,  at  the  intersection  of  business  and  politics.Recently,  companies  have  increasingly  taken  public  stances  on  controversial  political  and  social  issues.  While  business  has  long  sought  to  influence  political  policies  in  its  own  self-interest,  this  typically  focused  on  economic  issues  with  a  direct  connection  to  the  financial  bottom  line-e.g.,  taxes,  trade,  and  regulation-rather  than  contentious,  morally-infused  issues  such  as  abortion,  gun  violence,  LGBTQ  rights,  and  racial  (in)equality.  In  thinking  about  when  and  why  companies  may  engage  in  this  activism,  I  consider  how  stakeholders'  influence  may  influence  and  constrain  corporate  decisions  to  engage  on  these  issues.  In  this  dissertation,  the  first  two  chapters  focus  consider  employees,  while  the  third  focuses  on  customers.The  first  chapter  of  this  dissertation,  "Office  Parties:  Partisan  Sorting  in  the  United  States  Labor  Market"  (co-authored  with  Justin  Frake  and  Reuben  Hurst)  explores  the  extent  of  partisan  sorting  among  employees  in  the  United  States.  We  create  an  original  longitudinal  dataset  by  merging  voter  registration  data  with  with  17  million  online  employee  profiles  covering  14.5  million  unique  workers  from  2012-2022.  This  represents  the  largest-ever  dataset  of  this  kind,  with  significantly  larger  (and  less  socioeconomically  biased)  coverage  than  other  measures  of  employees'  partisanship.  Using  these  original  data,  we  present  four  main  findings.  First,  we  find  significant  evidence  that  individuals  are  politically  sorted  across  workplaces.  Whereas  prior  work  in  political  science  has  held  up  the  workplace  as  an  ideal  locus  of  cross-partisan  context,  we  find  that  the  average  Democratic  worker's  co-workers  are  about  15  percentage  points  more  Democratic  than  the  average  Republicans  co-workers,  and  vice  versa.  The  extent  of  observed  sorting  is  largely-but  not  entirely-associated  with  partisan  sorting  among  metropolitan  areas,  industries,  and  occupations.  Accounting  for  factors  correlated  with  partisanship-geography,  occupation,  and  industry-reduces  this  estimate  to  about  2  percentage  points,  which  is  similar  in  magnitude  to  our  estimates  of  workplace  sorting  by  gender  and  race.  Second,  we  find  that  sorting  appears  more  pronounced  among  workers  who  may  have  more  labor  market  power  (e.g.,  white  workers,  more  senior  workers,  and  workers  in  jobs  which  require  more  training)  as  well  as  workers  who  appear  more  politically  engaged.  Third,  political  sorting  has  increased  among  new  joiners  to  firms  since  2017.  Fourth,  because  Democrats  comprise  a  greater  share  of  the  workforce,  sorting  means  that  Republicans  experience  a  significantly  larger  share  of  out-partisan  co-workers.The  second  chapter  of  this  dissertation,  "Do  Conservative  Social  Policies  Harm  Access  to  Employee  Talent?  Evidence  from  the  North  Carolina  Bathroom  Bill,"  takes  up  a  common  rhetorical  claim  companies  make  to  explain  their  decision  to  speak  out  on  contentious  socially  issue.  One  common  explanation  for  "corporate  sociopolitical  activism"  is  that  government  policies  can  make  it  harder  to  attract  talented  employees,  and  so  companies  expose  these  policies  which  have  the  potential  to  harm  their  businesses.  While  these  employee-centric  justifications  for  CSA  are  widespread,  there  is  limited  evidence  measuring  whether  these  types  of  policies  actually  do  have  a  negative  impact  on  firms'  ability  to  attract  employees.  This  paper  tests  whether  government  policies  do  harm  businesses  by  reducing  their  access  to  employee  talent.  I  look  at  employee  responses  to  North  Carolina's  2016  HB2  law  (the  "bathroom  bill"),  which  prompted  national  attention  and  over  100  CEOs  to  argue  that  it  would  harm  North  Carolina's  ability  to  attract  workers.  Using  administrative  data  which  cover  95%  of  U.S.  employees,  and  the  recently-developed  Generalized  Synthetic  Control  (GSC)  technique  (Xu  2017),  I  find  no  evidence  that  HB2  resulted  in  a  decline  in  workers'  in-migration  to  North  Carolina  or  an  increase  in  workers'  out-migration  from  the  state,  meaning  that  the  bill  did  not  appear  to  reduce  North  Carolina  employers'  access  to  talent.  This  null  finding  is  precisely  estimated  and  holds  both  for  overall  in-migration  and  outmigration  and  there  is  no  evidence  of  heterogeneity  among  young  workers,  college-educated  workers,  or  workers  in  specific  industries.  I  also  rule  out  that  this  null  result  was  driven  by  a  compensating  differential  in  wages  for  workers  relocating  to  or  from  North  Carolina  or  that  it  was  the  result  of  offsetting  partisan  shifts  in  migration  patterns.Finally,  the  third  chapter,  "This  Bud's  For  You?  The  Effect  of  Partisan  Political  Cues  on  Politically  Polarized  Brands,"  investigates  whether  partisan  cues  can  potentially  unwind  or  attenuate  already-polarized  customer  preferences.  Real-world  events  and  political  cues  can  induce  political  polarization  in  consumption  patterns.  When  politically-motivated  customers  find  out  that  seemingly  neutral  or  apolitical  brands  support  a  political  party  or  take  a  political  stance,  they  may  respond  by  boycotting  or  "buycotting"  the  brand  in  question.  To  date,  no  research  has  explored  what  happens  when  customers  receive  a  political  cue  about  a  brand  that  is  not  viewed  as  neutral  or  apolitical,  but  one  which  already  has  a  polarized  reputation.  This  survey  experiment  takes  advantage  of  the  recent  conservative  boycott  of  Bud  Light  following  the  brand's  partnership  with  a  transgender  social  media  influencer.  Using  the  context  of  this  (mostly)  Republican  boycott  of  Bud  Light  after  the  brand  partnered  with  a  transgender  influencer,  I  find  that  partisan  political  cues  likely  constitute  a  one-way  ratchet  on  polarized  brand  reputations.  Republicans  remain  negatively  disposed  towards  the  brand  even  when  told  that  Republican  leaders  (including  President  Trump)  support  the  brand.  I  do  that  partisan  cues  can  erode  support  for  brands:  When  Democrats  were  told  that  fellow  Democrats  were  boycotting  Bud  Light,  they  become  less  likely  to  select  the  brand  in  a  choice-based  conjoint  task,  and  far  more  likely  to  report  boycotting  the  brand.  I  also  find  that  this  polarization  in  expressed  attitudes  may  not  always  be  backed  up  with  actual  changes  in  economic  behavior,  as  a  significant  portion  of  respondents  who  claim  to  be  boycotting  the  brand  give  inconsistent  survey  responses  which  suggest  they  may  not  actually  be  boycotting.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aPolitical  science
■653    ▼aBusiness
■653    ▼aCorporate  political  activism
■653    ▼aEmployees
■653    ▼aHuman  capital
■653    ▼aStakeholder
■690    ▼a0615
■690    ▼a0454
■690    ▼a0629
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bPolitical  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03A.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162276▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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