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Fractionalization in Frustrated Quantum Matter
Fractionalization in Frustrated Quantum Matter
Fractionalization in Frustrated Quantum Matter

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153113
ISBN  
9798384462002
DDC  
530
저자명  
Feng, Shi.
서명/저자  
Fractionalization in Frustrated Quantum Matter
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Ohio State University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
513 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Trivedi, Nandini.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약In quantum many-body systems, fractionalization stands as a hallmark of quantum emergent phenomena, where an elementary degree of freedom, such as an electron, decomposes into distinct pieces with a fraction of quantum numbers due to frustration or strong quantum fluctuations. A canonical well-understood example of this is observed in one-dimensional quantum systems. In one-dimensional systems, the pronounced quantum fluctuations facilitate the deconfinement of these fractionalized quasiparticles, allowing them to exhibit independent dynamics, where electrons, carriers of both charge and spin, undergo spin-charge separation which results in the dynamical deconfinement of spinon and chargon. In two dimensions, however, the physics is more intricate. In the presence of frustrating interactions between spins, the interacting spins are unable to order. Instead, they create long-range patterns of entanglement leading to states of matter such as quantum spin liquids, heralding the topological quantum matter with novel fractionalized particles and emergent gauge fields. These states are characterized by topological order: ground state degeneracy on a manifold of non-zero genus, and fractionalized excitations with abelian and non-abelian quantum statistics. In these states, the original localized spin degrees undergo further fractionalization to give new degrees of freedom, such as Majorana fermions and spinons. In these states, both charges and spins are localized. However, the emergent fractionalized degrees of freedom can be remarkably delocalized and able to transport energy. Identifying and studying the phenomena of fractionalization presents a dual challenge: discerning fractionalized particles and finding material candidates that realize fractionalization. This dissertation presents a comprehensive theoretical study of fractionalization in both one and two dimensions, focusing on these challenges.In one-dimensional systems, we explore quantum and frustrated magnetism, which, while not necessarily harboring topological order, exhibit intriguing behaviors due to fractionalization. Specifically, we study frustrated quantum spin(-orbital) chains where frustration significantly impacts their physics. Our research on d4 electronic materials challenges the conventional wisdom that these systems are nonmagnetic, demonstrating instead a diverse magnetic phase diagram. This is encapsulated by a quantum spin model with Uimin-Lai-Sutherland (ULS) interactions, influenced by spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Key findings include the fractionalization of spin into spinons, incommensurate soft modes of spinons due to emergent SU(3) symmetry, and a spinon Lifshitz transition characterized by different conformal field theories. We also propose relevant materials, such as OsCl4, for realizing the fractionalization predicted by our theories.In two-dimensional systems, the phenomenon of fractionalization is both theoretically profound and experimentally appealing in the context of Quantum Spin Liquids (QSLs), due to its potential relevance for fault-tolerant quantum computing. We introduce several innovative approaches for understanding and detecting QSLs, focusing on higher-order dynamics to obtain sharper definitive signatures of Kitaev quantum spin liquids. Techniques such as linear response theory with higher-order processes and computational algorithms like infinite projected entangled pair states (iPEPS), Exact Diagonalization (ED), and Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) are employed to obtain clearer signatures of different QSL phases and to understand quantum phase transitions between these phases. In highly frustrated QSLs, the very notion of dimensionality can acquire an `emergent? nature: although the individual particles interact along all directions in a lattice, their collective behavior can occur in a lower-dimensional space, providing a sharply discernible signature of candidate quantum systems. We explore effective dimensional reduction facilitated by emergent subsystem symmetries and spatially dependent compass couplings, which provide distinct signatures of fractionalized particles observable by spin and quadrupole dynamics, aiding in identifying true Kitaev materials. In additional, with these techniques, we investigate an intermediate gapless phase under a magnetic field, which we propose to be an emergent Majorana metal-a novel neutral metal composed solely of fractionalized particles. This phase results from a novel phase transition from the Kitaev spin liquid under a magnetic field.Furthermore, we investigate quantum information-theoretic features of QSLs and topological order. Quantum entanglement, a pivotal concept in quantum many-body systems, is essential for characterizing topological order. We propose methods to extract topological entanglement entropy (TEE) and probe global patterns of entanglement. Our work demonstrates that local frustrated exchange interactions in highly gapped QSL phases can encode information about TEE, enabling its extraction from local measurements. Additionally, we have worked out the duality between the toric code model, the paradigmatic model for QSL and quantum information processing, and subsystem symmetry-protected states or cluster states. This duality heralds a novel correspondence between 2D topological order and 2D cluster states for measurement-based quantum computing. Moreover, we propose a statistical approach to TEE where machine learning can be used to identify long-range entanglement in the ground state in a quantum-classical hybrid approach. These insights, along with the statistical approach to topological entanglement, offer a unified framework for understanding entanglement in QSLs using machine learning techniques.Through these multifaceted approaches, this dissertation enhances our understanding of fractionalization in quantum materials and helps us understand the existence and scope of matter beyond Landau's symmetry breaking paradigm.
일반주제명  
Physics
일반주제명  
Electromagnetics
일반주제명  
Nuclear physics
일반주제명  
Thermodynamics
일반주제명  
Quantum physics
키워드  
Fractionalization
키워드  
Topological order
키워드  
Quantum spin liquids
키워드  
Quantum entanglement
키워드  
Cluster states
기타저자  
The Ohio State University Physics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aFeng,  Shi.
■24510▼aFractionalization  in  Frustrated  Quantum  Matter
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Ohio  State  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a513  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Trivedi,  Nandini.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Ohio  State  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aIn  quantum  many-body  systems,  fractionalization  stands  as  a  hallmark  of  quantum  emergent  phenomena,  where  an  elementary  degree  of  freedom,  such  as  an  electron,  decomposes  into  distinct  pieces  with  a  fraction  of  quantum  numbers  due  to  frustration  or  strong  quantum  fluctuations.  A  canonical  well-understood  example  of  this  is  observed  in  one-dimensional  quantum  systems.  In  one-dimensional  systems,  the  pronounced  quantum  fluctuations  facilitate  the  deconfinement  of  these  fractionalized  quasiparticles,  allowing  them  to  exhibit  independent  dynamics,  where  electrons,  carriers  of  both  charge  and  spin,  undergo  spin-charge  separation  which  results  in  the  dynamical  deconfinement  of  spinon  and  chargon.  In  two  dimensions,  however,  the  physics  is  more  intricate.  In  the  presence  of  frustrating  interactions  between  spins,  the  interacting  spins  are  unable  to  order.  Instead,  they  create  long-range  patterns  of  entanglement  leading  to  states  of  matter  such  as  quantum  spin  liquids,  heralding  the  topological  quantum  matter  with  novel  fractionalized  particles  and  emergent  gauge  fields.  These  states  are  characterized  by  topological  order:  ground  state  degeneracy  on  a  manifold  of  non-zero  genus,  and  fractionalized  excitations  with  abelian  and  non-abelian  quantum  statistics.  In  these  states,  the  original  localized  spin  degrees  undergo  further  fractionalization  to  give  new  degrees  of  freedom,  such  as  Majorana  fermions  and  spinons.  In  these  states,  both  charges  and  spins  are  localized.  However,  the  emergent  fractionalized  degrees  of  freedom  can  be  remarkably  delocalized  and  able  to  transport  energy.  Identifying  and  studying  the  phenomena  of  fractionalization  presents  a  dual  challenge:  discerning  fractionalized  particles  and  finding  material  candidates  that  realize  fractionalization.  This  dissertation  presents  a  comprehensive  theoretical  study  of  fractionalization  in  both  one  and  two  dimensions,  focusing  on  these  challenges.In  one-dimensional  systems,  we  explore  quantum  and  frustrated  magnetism,  which,  while  not  necessarily  harboring  topological  order,  exhibit  intriguing  behaviors  due  to  fractionalization.  Specifically,  we  study  frustrated  quantum  spin(-orbital)  chains  where  frustration  significantly  impacts  their  physics.  Our  research  on  d4  electronic  materials  challenges  the  conventional  wisdom  that  these  systems  are  nonmagnetic,  demonstrating  instead  a  diverse  magnetic  phase  diagram.  This  is  encapsulated  by  a  quantum  spin  model  with  Uimin-Lai-Sutherland  (ULS)  interactions,  influenced  by  spin-orbit  coupling  (SOC).  Key  findings  include  the  fractionalization  of  spin  into  spinons,  incommensurate  soft  modes  of  spinons  due  to  emergent  SU(3)  symmetry,  and  a  spinon  Lifshitz  transition  characterized  by  different  conformal  field  theories.  We  also  propose  relevant  materials,  such  as  OsCl4,  for  realizing  the  fractionalization  predicted  by  our  theories.In  two-dimensional  systems,  the  phenomenon  of  fractionalization  is  both  theoretically  profound  and  experimentally  appealing  in  the  context  of  Quantum  Spin  Liquids  (QSLs),  due  to  its  potential  relevance  for  fault-tolerant  quantum  computing.  We  introduce  several  innovative  approaches  for  understanding  and  detecting  QSLs,  focusing  on  higher-order  dynamics  to  obtain  sharper  definitive  signatures  of  Kitaev  quantum  spin  liquids.  Techniques  such  as  linear  response  theory  with  higher-order  processes  and  computational  algorithms  like  infinite  projected  entangled  pair  states  (iPEPS),  Exact  Diagonalization  (ED),  and  Density  Matrix  Renormalization  Group  (DMRG)  are  employed  to  obtain  clearer  signatures  of  different  QSL  phases  and  to  understand  quantum  phase  transitions  between  these  phases.  In  highly  frustrated  QSLs,  the  very  notion  of  dimensionality  can  acquire  an  `emergent?  nature:  although  the  individual  particles  interact  along  all  directions  in  a  lattice,  their  collective  behavior  can  occur  in  a  lower-dimensional  space,  providing  a  sharply  discernible  signature  of  candidate  quantum  systems.  We  explore  effective  dimensional  reduction  facilitated  by  emergent  subsystem  symmetries  and  spatially  dependent  compass  couplings,  which  provide  distinct  signatures  of  fractionalized  particles  observable  by  spin  and  quadrupole  dynamics,  aiding  in  identifying  true  Kitaev  materials.  In  additional,  with  these  techniques,  we  investigate  an  intermediate  gapless  phase  under  a  magnetic  field,  which  we  propose  to  be  an  emergent  Majorana  metal-a  novel  neutral  metal  composed  solely  of  fractionalized  particles.  This  phase  results  from  a  novel  phase  transition  from  the  Kitaev  spin  liquid  under  a  magnetic  field.Furthermore,  we  investigate  quantum  information-theoretic  features  of  QSLs  and  topological  order.  Quantum  entanglement,  a  pivotal  concept  in  quantum  many-body  systems,  is  essential  for  characterizing  topological  order.  We  propose  methods  to  extract  topological  entanglement  entropy  (TEE)  and  probe  global  patterns  of  entanglement.  Our  work  demonstrates  that  local  frustrated  exchange  interactions  in  highly  gapped  QSL  phases  can  encode  information  about  TEE,  enabling  its  extraction  from  local  measurements.  Additionally,  we  have  worked  out  the  duality  between  the  toric  code  model,  the  paradigmatic  model  for  QSL  and  quantum  information  processing,  and  subsystem  symmetry-protected  states  or  cluster  states.  This  duality  heralds  a  novel  correspondence  between  2D  topological  order  and  2D  cluster  states  for  measurement-based  quantum  computing.  Moreover,  we  propose  a  statistical  approach  to  TEE  where  machine  learning  can  be  used  to  identify  long-range  entanglement  in  the  ground  state  in  a  quantum-classical  hybrid  approach.  These  insights,  along  with  the  statistical  approach  to  topological  entanglement,  offer  a  unified  framework  for  understanding  entanglement  in  QSLs  using  machine  learning  techniques.Through  these  multifaceted  approaches,  this  dissertation  enhances  our  understanding  of  fractionalization  in  quantum  materials  and  helps  us  understand  the  existence  and  scope  of  matter  beyond  Landau's  symmetry  breaking  paradigm.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0168.
■650  4▼aPhysics
■650  4▼aElectromagnetics
■650  4▼aNuclear  physics
■650  4▼aThermodynamics
■650  4▼aQuantum  physics
■653    ▼aFractionalization
■653    ▼aTopological  order
■653    ▼aQuantum  spin  liquids
■653    ▼aQuantum  entanglement
■653    ▼aCluster  states
■690    ▼a0605
■690    ▼a0599
■690    ▼a0756
■690    ▼a0348
■690    ▼a0607
■71020▼aThe  Ohio  State  University▼bPhysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-04B.
■790    ▼a0168
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17165014▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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