본문

서브메뉴

Affective Synchrony: Associations With and Implications of Emotion Type, Friendship, and Loneliness
Affective Synchrony: Associations With and Implications of Emotion Type, Friendship, and L...
Affective Synchrony: Associations With and Implications of Emotion Type, Friendship, and Loneliness

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151320
ISBN  
9798382805252
DDC  
150
저자명  
Zhao, Fangyun.
서명/저자  
Affective Synchrony: Associations With and Implications of Emotion Type, Friendship, and Loneliness
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
152 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Bennet, Allyson;Mutlu, Bilge.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Affective synchrony refers to the coordination in time or form of the emotional components of behaviors between two individuals. When one person experiences stress or anxiety, that feeling is often passed on to other people in ways that are visibly manifest. For example, when a person expresses anxiety, their physiology state, such as heart rate or skin conductance, often changes with their behaviors (Rafaeli et al., 2007). Individuals' changes in emotional states are reflected in facial expressions (Zhao et al., 2022), body movements, gestures, and physiological changes in heart rate, skin conductance, etc (Rafaeli et al., 2007). Affective synchrony, in which reflections of emotional states are communicated to others, is linked to many positive social outcomes such as prosocial behavior, group cohesion, rapport, and trust building. Affective synchrony provides strong social benefits to successful communication and cooperation because it requires individuals to continually adapt to their interaction partners and adjust their behaviors accordingly. Recent theoretical work has identified three adaptive functions of affective synchrony in social communication: emotion co-regulation, ease of information processing, and the creation of social bonds (Wood et al., 2021). But in terms of empirical evidence, research has uncovered little that can explain the underlying factors that moderate behaviors of affective synchrony.The goal of the current dissertation is to investigate some of the moderators that contribute to the degree to which individuals engage in affective synchrony, and how these moderators function in social interactions. I argue here that affective synchrony is contingent on individuals' need to adapt and maintain effective social communication, and is therefore subject to moderation by factors including three key components: type of emotion, friendship status (at the dyadic level), and social context such as forced isolation that can lead to feelings of loneliness (at the individual level). I test three hypotheses related to these key components in two studies. My first hypothesis is that, affective synchrony is most likely to occur during positive rather than negative interactions. This is based on the idea that positive feelings induced by the positive interactions help maintain social communications. While synchronizing positive emotional expressions may reinforce positive feelings between individuals, reinforcing negative feelings are not expected to have such positive effects. Thus, I hypothesize that individuals will show a lower level of synchronization of negative expressions than positive expressions during social interactions (H1). I test this hypothesis in Studies 1 and 2A. My second hypothesis is that, affective synchrony serves to create a bridge for information exchange and social bonding. Individuals who share similarities or common knowledge might already have established unique communication styles that do not need much coordination. I hypothesize that pairs of friends who have already established communication styles might not require expressive behavioral cues, so they will display lower levels of facial expressive synchrony than strangers (H2). I test this hypothesis in Study 2B. My third hypothesis is that when interpersonal connections are disrupted, this will increase desire to socially connect and increase affective synchrony. When individuals' desire for social connection is disrupted (e.g., because of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic), the motivation to interact with others is elevated. Therefore, I hypothesize that interactions can be expected to display higher degrees of affective synchrony for individuals who feel lonely than for individuals who do not feel lonely (H3). I test this hypothesis in Study 2B, together with hypothesis 2. To test these hypotheses, I first utilized a pre-labelled dataset that consisted of 60 pairs of participants completing three emotion-eliciting and cooperative tasks in Study 1. Facial expressive synchrony by emotional expression were measured by multi-dimensional dynamic time warping. In Study 2, I recruited 77 pairs of participants from the University of Wisconsin-Madison to complete five emotion-eliciting cooperative tasks over Zoom. During this exercise, their facial movements were tracked using automatic facial analysis. Facial expressive synchrony was then measured with multi-dimensional dynamic time warping.Findings from Studies 1 and 2A confirm H1. Individuals display higher alignment of positive emotional expressions than negative emotional expressions. Specifically, affiliative smiles are the most frequently synchronized expressions. Additionally, when individuals feel lonely, their communications are more in sync with their partners' positive emotional states than with their negative emotional expressions, suggesting social context may play a role in affective synchrony. Findings from Study 2B are contrary to H2. Pairs of friends display higher alignment of facial expressions than pairs of strangers and report feeling more in sync with their partners, suggesting the positive feelings from affective synchrony may link to the maintenance of friendship. Findings from Study 2B also show contrary conclusions to H3 regarding feelings of loneliness. Individuals with higher loneliness scores showed higher alignment of facial expressions. This preliminary finding is consistent with a functional account of loneliness such that feelings of loneliness may motivate social connection.By providing preliminary evidence for these three moderators of affective synchrony, the findings of this dissertation contribute to a comprehensive understanding of how affective synchrony serves as communicative glue in social interactions. Further, this dissertation contributes to the literature by implementing computational methods to quantitatively measure affective synchrony.
일반주제명  
Psychology
일반주제명  
Computer science
일반주제명  
Physiology
일반주제명  
Mental health
키워드  
Emotion
키워드  
Facial expressions
키워드  
Synchrony
키워드  
COVID-19
키워드  
Anxiety
기타저자  
The University of Wisconsin - Madison Psychology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

 008250123s2024        us                              c    eng  d
■001000017161176
■00520250211151320
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798382805252
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31239173
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a150
■1001  ▼aZhao,  Fangyun.
■24510▼aAffective  Synchrony:  Associations  With  and  Implications  of  Emotion  Type,  Friendship,  and  Loneliness
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a152  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Bennet,  Allyson;Mutlu,  Bilge.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison,  2024.
■520    ▼aAffective  synchrony  refers  to  the  coordination  in  time  or  form  of  the  emotional  components  of  behaviors  between  two  individuals.  When  one  person  experiences  stress  or  anxiety,  that  feeling  is  often  passed  on  to  other  people  in  ways  that  are  visibly  manifest.  For  example,  when  a  person  expresses  anxiety,  their  physiology  state,  such  as  heart  rate  or  skin  conductance,  often  changes  with  their  behaviors  (Rafaeli  et  al.,  2007).  Individuals'  changes  in  emotional  states  are  reflected  in  facial  expressions  (Zhao  et  al.,  2022),  body  movements,  gestures,  and  physiological  changes  in  heart  rate,  skin  conductance,  etc  (Rafaeli  et  al.,  2007).  Affective  synchrony,  in  which  reflections  of  emotional  states  are  communicated  to  others,  is  linked  to  many  positive  social  outcomes  such  as  prosocial  behavior,  group  cohesion,  rapport,  and  trust  building.  Affective  synchrony  provides  strong  social  benefits  to  successful  communication  and  cooperation  because  it  requires  individuals  to  continually  adapt  to  their  interaction  partners  and  adjust  their  behaviors  accordingly.  Recent  theoretical  work  has  identified  three  adaptive  functions  of  affective  synchrony  in  social  communication:  emotion  co-regulation,  ease  of  information  processing,  and  the  creation  of  social  bonds  (Wood  et  al.,  2021).  But  in  terms  of  empirical  evidence,  research  has  uncovered  little  that  can  explain  the  underlying  factors  that  moderate  behaviors  of  affective  synchrony.The  goal  of  the  current  dissertation  is  to  investigate  some  of  the  moderators  that  contribute  to  the  degree  to  which  individuals  engage  in  affective  synchrony,  and  how  these  moderators  function  in  social  interactions.  I  argue  here  that  affective  synchrony  is  contingent  on  individuals'  need  to  adapt  and  maintain  effective  social  communication,  and  is  therefore  subject to  moderation  by  factors  including  three  key  components:  type  of  emotion,  friendship  status  (at  the  dyadic  level),  and  social  context  such  as  forced  isolation  that  can  lead  to  feelings  of  loneliness  (at  the  individual  level).  I  test  three  hypotheses  related  to  these  key  components  in  two  studies.  My  first  hypothesis  is  that,  affective  synchrony  is  most  likely  to  occur  during  positive  rather  than  negative  interactions.  This  is  based  on  the  idea  that  positive  feelings  induced  by  the  positive  interactions  help  maintain  social  communications.  While  synchronizing  positive  emotional  expressions  may  reinforce  positive  feelings  between  individuals,  reinforcing  negative  feelings  are  not  expected  to  have  such  positive  effects.  Thus,  I  hypothesize  that  individuals  will  show  a  lower  level  of  synchronization  of  negative  expressions  than  positive  expressions  during  social  interactions  (H1).  I  test  this  hypothesis  in  Studies  1  and  2A.  My  second  hypothesis  is  that,  affective  synchrony  serves  to  create  a  bridge  for  information  exchange  and  social  bonding.  Individuals  who  share  similarities  or  common  knowledge  might  already  have  established  unique  communication  styles  that  do  not  need  much  coordination.  I  hypothesize  that  pairs  of  friends  who  have  already  established  communication  styles  might  not  require  expressive  behavioral  cues,  so  they  will  display  lower  levels  of  facial  expressive  synchrony  than  strangers  (H2).  I  test  this  hypothesis  in  Study  2B.  My  third  hypothesis  is  that  when  interpersonal  connections  are  disrupted,  this  will  increase  desire  to  socially  connect  and  increase  affective  synchrony.  When  individuals'  desire  for  social  connection  is  disrupted  (e.g.,  because  of  social  distancing  during  the  COVID-19  pandemic),  the  motivation  to  interact  with  others  is  elevated.  Therefore,  I  hypothesize  that  interactions  can  be  expected  to  display  higher  degrees  of  affective  synchrony  for  individuals  who  feel  lonely  than  for  individuals  who  do  not  feel  lonely  (H3).  I  test  this  hypothesis  in  Study  2B,  together  with  hypothesis  2.  To  test  these  hypotheses,  I  first  utilized  a pre-labelled  dataset  that  consisted  of  60  pairs  of  participants  completing  three  emotion-eliciting  and  cooperative  tasks  in  Study  1.  Facial  expressive  synchrony  by  emotional  expression  were  measured  by  multi-dimensional  dynamic  time  warping.  In  Study  2,  I  recruited  77  pairs  of  participants  from  the  University  of  Wisconsin-Madison  to  complete  five  emotion-eliciting  cooperative  tasks  over  Zoom.  During  this  exercise,  their  facial  movements  were  tracked  using  automatic  facial  analysis.  Facial  expressive  synchrony  was  then  measured  with  multi-dimensional  dynamic  time  warping.Findings  from  Studies  1  and  2A  confirm  H1.  Individuals  display  higher  alignment  of  positive  emotional  expressions  than  negative  emotional  expressions.  Specifically,  affiliative  smiles  are  the  most  frequently  synchronized  expressions.  Additionally,  when  individuals  feel  lonely,  their  communications  are  more  in  sync  with  their  partners'  positive  emotional  states  than  with  their  negative  emotional  expressions,  suggesting  social  context  may  play  a  role  in  affective  synchrony.  Findings  from  Study  2B  are  contrary  to  H2.  Pairs  of  friends  display  higher  alignment  of  facial  expressions  than  pairs  of  strangers  and  report  feeling  more  in  sync  with  their  partners,  suggesting  the  positive  feelings  from  affective  synchrony  may  link  to  the  maintenance  of  friendship.  Findings  from  Study  2B  also  show  contrary  conclusions  to  H3  regarding  feelings  of  loneliness.  Individuals  with  higher  loneliness  scores  showed  higher  alignment  of  facial  expressions.  This  preliminary  finding  is  consistent  with  a  functional  account  of  loneliness  such  that  feelings  of  loneliness  may  motivate  social  connection.By  providing  preliminary  evidence  for  these  three  moderators  of  affective  synchrony,  the  findings  of  this  dissertation  contribute  to  a  comprehensive  understanding  of  how  affective  synchrony  serves  as  communicative  glue  in  social  interactions.  Further,  this  dissertation  contributes  to  the  literature  by  implementing  computational  methods  to  quantitatively  measure  affective  synchrony.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0262.
■650  4▼aPsychology
■650  4▼aComputer  science
■650  4▼aPhysiology
■650  4▼aMental  health
■653    ▼aEmotion
■653    ▼aFacial  expressions
■653    ▼aSynchrony
■653    ▼aCOVID-19
■653    ▼aAnxiety
■690    ▼a0621
■690    ▼a0984
■690    ▼a0347
■690    ▼a0719
■71020▼aThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison▼bPsychology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0262
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161176▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

Preview

Export

ChatGPT Discussion

AI Recommended Related Books


    New Books MORE
    Statistics for the past 3 years. Go to brief

    פרט מידע

    • הזמנה
    • לא קיים
    • התיקיה שלי
    • צפה הראשון בקשה
    • Non-Book Loan Application
    • Nighttime Book Loan Application
    גשמי
    Reg No. Call No. מיקום מצב להשאיל מידע
    TF12706 전자도서 대출가능 My Folder 부재도서신고 비도서대출신청 야간 도서대출신청

    * הזמנות זמינים בספר ההשאלה. כדי להזמין, נא לחץ על כפתור ההזמנה

    Books borrowed together with this book

    Related Popular Books

    Available after logging in.